IDENTIFYING INITIAL DAMAGE OF PALM OIL SCREW PRESS OF DRIVE SHAFT

Status: PostprintInvestigation was carried out because of the common failure at the screw press of drive shaft which made disruption on production activity of palm oil. Visual observation, interview and simulation were conducted. The finding supported by simulation using Nastran statistical software showed that the fracture occurred due to the fatigue. Based on simulation, it was known that the stress concentration occured on the keyway of the tooth wheel holder. It was proved by visual observation which showed the attrition of keyway due to the friction between post and keyway continuously occured in the drive shaft rotation. The continuously friction leaded to the loosening of the keyway. Futhermore,it made the strong impulse to the post keyway which finally caused the fracture at the keyway area. The continuously operating drive shaft caused the final fracture. The several characteristic of fatigue fracture could be seen from the fracture surface, such as the presence of residual fracture area, smooth surface and the presence of beach marks

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Failure Analysis of the Short Drive Shaft in a Screw Press Machine

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.74 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 892 ◽

pp. 74-80

Author(s):

Irvin Barizi Muhammad ◽

Husaini ◽

Ali Nurdin ◽

Akmal Rauzatul ◽

Edisah Putra Teuku

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Crack ◽

Crack Initiation ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽

Screw Press ◽

Drive Shaft ◽

Root Cause ◽

Hardness Tests ◽

Central Shaft

The screw press is a type of machine press used for extracting crude palm oil from the oil palm’s mesocarp, where its short driveshaft, a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, is often found to be susceptible to failure. Since the initial damage to the short driveshafts in the shaft keyway area is associated with the frequent incidence of shaft failure, this research aimed to discover the root cause of this failure and how to prevent it using visual inspection and stress analysis methods as well as those of the fractography, metallography, chemical composition, and hardness tests. Using the descriptive method to analyse the collected data, the visual inspection and the fractography results of the research indicated that the fatigue crack failure of the short drive shaft in the palm oil screw press machine was caused by the fatigue crack initiation that was safe from stress concentration in its keyway areas. This crack initiation was followed by crack propagation as indicated in beach mark forms. Finally, the ductile fracture observed on the shaft surface was found to have resulted from the continuous rotational motion and the loading and unloading effect of the central shaft driving system.

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Preliminary Design on Screw Press Model of Palm Oil Extraction Machine

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/165/1/012029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 012029 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Firdaus ◽

S M Salleh ◽

I. Nawi ◽

Z. Ngali ◽

W.A. Siswanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Screw Press ◽

Preliminary Design

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Effect of Processing Conditions on Yield of Screw Press Expressed Palm Oil

10.13031/aim.20131592240 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

O. A. Adetola ◽

J. O. Olajide ◽

A. P. Olalusi

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Screw Press ◽

Processing Conditions

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Ground Reaction Forces during Human Locomotion on Railroad Ballast

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.23.4.322 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 322-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chip Wade ◽

Mark S. Redfern

Keyword(s):

Smooth Surface ◽

Force Plate ◽

Human Locomotion ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Surface Conditions ◽

Time Histories ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

The Common ◽

Plate System ◽

Railroad Cars

Locomotion over ballast surfaces provides a unique situation for investigating the biomechanics of gait. Although much research has focused on level and sloped walking on a smooth, firm surface in order to understand the common kinematic and kinetic variables associated with human locomotion, the literature currently provides few if any discussions regarding the dynamics of locomotion on surfaces that are either rocky or uneven. The purpose of this study was to investigate a method for using force plates to measure the ground reaction forces (GRFs) during gait on ballast. Ballast is a construction aggregate of unsymmetrical rock used in industry for the purpose of forming track bed on which railway ties are laid or in yards where railroad cars are stored. It is used to facilitate the drainage of water and to create even running surfaces. To construct the experimental ballast surfaces, 31.75-mm (1¼-in.) marble ballast at depths of approximately 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) or 101.6 mm (4 in.) were spread over a carpeted vinyl tile walkway specially designed for gait studies. GRF magnitudes and time histories from a force plate were collected under normal smooth surface and under both ballast surface conditions for five subjects. GRF magnitudes and time histories during smooth surface walking were similar to GRF magnitudes and time histories from the two ballast surface conditions. The data presented here demonstrate the feasibility of using a force plate system to expand the scope of biomechanical analyses of locomotion on ballast surfaces.

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Tensile Fracture Characteristics of a Single Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.819 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 922 ◽

pp. 819-825

Author(s):

Dan Wu ◽

Li Xi Tian ◽

Chao Li Ma

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

Fracture Behavior ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Crack Nucleation ◽

Tensile Fracture ◽

Void Coalescence ◽

Fracture Characteristics ◽

Final Fracture ◽

Nickel Based Superalloy ◽

Fracture Area

Tensile fracture behavior of a single crystal nickel-based superalloy with different orientations and temperatures was studied. The tensile fracture surfaces and microstructure were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results showed that, generally, this single crystal nickel-based superalloy exhibited obvious tensile anisotropy. Under the condition of room temperature, the different areas of crack nucleation, propagation and final fracture area were clearly observed and varied greatly in different orientations. At elevated temperature, the fracture surface presented mixed characteristics of holes and dimples and its fracture was dominated by micro-void coalescence. Fracture mechanism was discussed.

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Studi Eksperimen Karakteristik Mekanik Material Screw Press Kapasitas 10-14 Ton/Jam Di Lingkungan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit

Jurnal Surya Teknika ◽

10.37859/jst.v1i04.1179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (04) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rinaldi Rinaldi ◽

Siswo Pranoto ◽

Rafasiro Afriza

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Screw Press

Sawit merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak sawit (Cruide Palm Oil) dan inti sawit (Palm Kernel) dan menjadi primadona tanaman perkebunan yang menjadi sumber devisa non migas bagi Indonesia. Salah satu proses terpenting untuk mendapatkan minyak kelapa sawit ada pada mesin screw press. Mesin ini berfungsi memeras buah sawit untuk mendapat minyak sawit. Mesin screw press ini sering terjadi kerusakan yaitu ausnya pisau press pada saat memeras buah sawit, hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor lama pemakaian, perawatan, dan material screw press. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik material screw press dengan melakukan beberapa pengujian, menganalisa gaya dan tegangan pada screw press. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah: uji tarik, uji kekerasan, struktur mikro, dan komposisi kimia. dimana dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil yaitu: tegangan tarik sebesar 78 kg/mm2 , keuletan screw 4,64%, sementara berdasarkan standar dari material screw press tegangan tarik screw press adalah 100 kg/mm2. Pengujian kekerasan dari tiga titik pengujian pada salah satu titik kekerasannya berbeda. Sedangkan gaya tekan yang terjadi pada screw adalah sebesar 264 kN/m2, dimana besarnya torsi 85,50 kN.m2, dan tegangan aksial screw sebesar 336,13 kN/m2. Dari hasil uji yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan besarnya selisih tegangan tarik spesimen uji dengan standar pabrik sangat jauh, serta kekerasan permukaan screw yang tidak sama sangat mempengarui tingkat aus pada material screw press.

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Dietary supplementation with hybrid palm oil alters liver function in the common Marmoset

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-21151-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Flavia Spreafico ◽

Rafael Carvalho Sales ◽

Judit Gil-Zamorano ◽

Priscylla da Costa Medeiros ◽

Maria-Jesús Latasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

The Common

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Process Debottlenecking and Retrofit of Palm Oil Milling Process via Inoperability Input-Output Modelling

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815201012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 01012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

May May Tan ◽

Viknesh Andiappan ◽

Yoke Kin Wan

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Algebraic Approach ◽

Milling Process ◽

Screw Press ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Input Output ◽

Crude Palm Oil

In recent years, there has been an increase in crude palm oil (CPO) demand, resulting in palm oil mills (POMs) seizing the opportunity to increase CPO production to make more profits. A series of equipment are designed to operate in their optimum capacities in the current existing POMs. Some equipment may be limited by their maximum design capacities when there is a need to increase CPO production, resulting in process bottlenecks. In this research, a framework is developed to provide stepwise procedures on identifying bottlenecks and retrofitting a POM process to cater for the increase in production capacity. This framework adapts an algebraic approach known as Inoperability Input-Output Modelling (IIM). To illustrate the application of the framework, an industrial POM case study was solved using LINGO software in this work, by maximising its production capacity. Benefit-to-Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis was also performed to assess the economic feasibility. As results, the Screw Press was identified as the bottleneck. The retrofitting recommendation was to purchase an additional Screw Press to cater for the new throughput with BCR of 54.57. It was found the POM to be able to achieve the maximum targeted production capacity of 8,139.65 kg/hr of CPO without any bottlenecks.

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The photometric matching field

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

10.1098/rspa.1923.0110 ◽

1923 ◽

Vol 104 (725) ◽

pp. 302-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Experimental Work ◽

Retinal Image ◽

Visual Observation ◽

The State ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Standard Work ◽

Minimum Contrast ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

The Common ◽

Matching Field

The basis of experimental photometry is the power of the eye to judge the equality of illumination in the parts of a photometric field. It is commonly stated that the parts to be equalised should be uniformly illuminated and should be as far as possible placed in immediate juxtaposition, so that the line of separation tends to disappear when equality is reached. (We do not consider for the present the case of photometers employing the equal contrast principle.) Until comparatively recently, however, it was not fully realised that the minimum contrast which is perceptible depends on several conditions amongst the chief of which are :— (1) The brightness of the retinal image of the field. (2) The state of adaptation of the eye. (3) The portion of the retina employed for visual observation. (4) The size and shape of the contrasting patches. The “ standard ” work on the value of the so-called Fechner fraction is that of König and Brodhun who employed a bi-partite field and produced the contrast by a polarisation method. The field was in the form of two superimposed rectangles the height of each subtended 3° at the eye, while the common breadth was 4⅓°. Their results have been examined and recalculated by Nutting, who also examined the value of the unit of brightness employed. Blanchard also described experimental work bearing on the same point. Owing to the number of factors concerned, however, the various conditions obtaining in some of the experiments make the results difficult to compare.

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