scholarly journals Institutional self-citation rates: A three year study of universities in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
California Institute ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Using Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) data, this paper calculated institutional self citations rates (ISCRs) for 96 of the top research universities in the United States from 2005-2007. Exhibiting similar temporal patterns of author and journal self-citations, the ISCR was 29% in the first year post-publication, and decreased significantly in the second year post-publication (19%). Modeling the data via power laws revealed total publications and citations did not correlate withthe ISCR, but did correlate highly with ISCs. California Institute of Technology exhibited the highest ISCR at 31%. Academic and cultural factors are discussed in relation to ISCRs.

scholarly journals “…this Brazilian venture…” A brief biography of Theodosius Dobzhansky before he arrived in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-289
Author(s):  
William DeJong-Lambert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
California Institute ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Theodosius Dobzhansky ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Thomas Hunt Morgan

This paper describes life and career of Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) until he arrived in Brazil in 1943. During his years in Russia, Dobzhansky began his entomology studies and undertook research expeditions to Central Asia to study livestock, which focused on speciation biology. Once he arrived in the United States Dobzhansky began working with Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) at Columbia University. Once Morgan relocated to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Dobzhansky started collaborating with his colleague, Alfred Henry Sturtevant (1891-1970), on studies of a wild cousin of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura. Dobzhansky and Sturtevant’s friendship and collaboration suffered due to several factors, including most importantly, their differing approaches to Drosophila pseudoobscura as influenced by their different conceptions of the purpose of their work. While Sturtevant studied the flies using the same techniques as his studies of the domestic Drosophila melanogaster, Dobzhansky studied Drosophila pseudoobscura in the field considering his broader dictum that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” 

Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Martin Houde

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Lieng
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
First Year ◽  
California Institute ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Canada Research Chair ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The University

Dr. Martin Houde is a Full Professor with the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Western University. With experience at the California Institute of Technology’s Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii and three degrees from the University of Montréal, Dr. Houde brings his wealth of knowledge in the fields of star formation, extraterrestrial chemistry, and astrophysical instrumentation to Western. His research focuses on how the interactions between basic physical processes like magnetism and chemical reactions lead to the formation of stars while experience from the California Institute of Technology allows Dr. Houde to continually develop and enhance astrophysical instrumentation that enables researchers to further explore what lies beyond our galaxy. He is also the Canada Research Chair in Star Formation and teaches courses in Physics and Astronomy at Western. Brandon Lieng, First Year Representative with WURJHNS, interviewed Dr. Houde to learn more about his background, work, experience, and insights on the field of research.

Are Future Doctors Prepared to Address Patients’ Nutritional Needs? Cooking and Nutritional Knowledge and Habits in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110181
Author(s):  
Sam Sugimoto ◽  
Drew Recker ◽  
Elizabeth E. Halvorson ◽  
Joseph A. Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Background. Many diseases are linked to lifestyle in the United States, yet physicians receive little training in nutrition. Medical students’ prior knowledge of nutrition and cooking is unknown. Objective. To determine incoming medical students’ prior nutrition knowledge, culinary skills, and nutrition habits. Methods. A dual-methods study of first-year medical students. Cross-sectional survey assessing prior knowledge, self-efficacy, and previous education of cooking and nutrition. Interviews of second-year medical students explored cooking and nutrition in greater depth. Results. A total of 142 first-year medical students participated; 16% had taken a nutrition course, with majority (66%) learning outside classroom settings. Students had a mean score of 87% on the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire versus comparison group (64.9%). Mean cooking and food skills score were lower than comparison scores. Overall, students did not meet guidelines for fiber, fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Interviews with second-year students revealed most learned to cook from their families; all believed it important for physicians to have this knowledge. Conclusions. Medical students were knowledgeable about nutrition, but typically self-taught. They were not as confident or skilled in cooking, and mostly learned from their family. They expressed interest in learning more about nutrition and cooking.

scholarly journals Spatial Disparities of COVID-19 Cases and Fatalities in United States Counties

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8259
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Jackson ◽  
Sahar Derakhshan ◽  
Leah Blackwood ◽  
Logan Lee ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Mitigation Policies

This paper examines the spatial and temporal trends in county-level COVID-19 cases and fatalities in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (January 2020–January 2021). Statistical and geospatial analyses highlight greater impacts in the Great Plains, Southwestern and Southern regions based on cases and fatalities per 100,000 population. Significant case and fatality spatial clusters were most prevalent between November 2020 and January 2021. Distinct urban–rural differences in COVID-19 experiences uncovered higher rural cases and fatalities per 100,000 population and fewer government mitigation actions enacted in rural counties. High levels of social vulnerability and the absence of mitigation policies were significantly associated with higher fatalities, while existing community resilience had more influential spatial explanatory power. Using differences in percentage unemployment changes between 2019 and 2020 as a proxy for pre-emergent recovery revealed urban counties were hit harder in the early months of the pandemic, corresponding with imposed government mitigation policies. This longitudinal, place-based study confirms some early urban–rural patterns initially observed in the pandemic, as well as the disparate COVID-19 experiences among socially vulnerable populations. The results are critical in identifying geographic disparities in COVID-19 exposures and outcomes and providing the evidentiary basis for targeting pandemic recovery.

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