scholarly journals Revision of Undorosaurus, a mysterious Late Jurassic ichthyosaur of the Boreal Realm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zverkov
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Boreal Realm

Recent study of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs has brought us a number of new taxa, however, the validity of several ophthalmosaurid taxa from the Volgian (Tithonian) of European Russia still remains unclear, complicating the comparisons and in some cases affecting taxonomic decisions of new contributions. A revision of the type series of all three species of Undorosaurus, erected by Efimov in 1999, reveals the potential validity of two of them. This contradicts previous research, which concluded that only the type species, U. gorodischensis, is valid. Furthermore, examination of the holotype of Cryopterygius kristiansenae from the coeval strata of Svalbard show that it is synonymous with Undorosaurus gorodischensis sharing all diagnostic features of the species, especially those related to forelimb morphology: humerus with extensive anteroposteriorly elongate proximal end, poorly pronounced trochanter dorsalis and reduced deltopectoral crest; and ulna proximodistally elongate and not involved in perichondral ossification on its whole posterior edge. This supports the idea of intensive exchange of ichthyosaurs between the Middle Russian Sea and other Boreal seas in the Late Jurassic. In order to resolve the phylogenetic position of Undorosaurus within Ophthalmosauridae as well as relations of other ophthalmosaurids, a new dataset including 33 taxa and 106 characters, 23 of which are new, was compiled. The results of this analysis challenge all previous phylogenetic hypotheses for Ophthalmosauridae in a number of aspects including Undorosaurus spp. recovered deeply nested within Platypterygiinae as a sister group to derived platypterygiines.

A phylogeny of Plesiosauria (Sauropterygia) and its bearing on the systematic status of Leptocleidus Andrews, 1922

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1863 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK S. DRUCKENMILLER ◽  
ANTHONY P. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Short Neck ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
The Uk

Leptocleidus Andrews, 1922 is a poorly known plesiosaur genus from Lower Cretaceous successions of the UK, South Africa, and Australia. Historically, there has been little consensus regarding its phylogenetic position within Plesiosauria, largely because of its seemingly aberrant combination of a relatively small skull and short neck. As a result, a diverse array of potential sister groups have been posited for Leptocleidus, including long-necked Cretaceous elasmosaurids, Early Jurassic “rhomaleosaurs”, and Middle to Late Jurassic pliosaurids. A cladistic analysis including Leptocleidus, and a new, apparently morphologically similar specimen from Alberta, TMP 94.122.01, was undertaken to assess their phylogenetic position within Plesiosauria. A character-taxon matrix was assembled afresh, consisting of 33 operational taxonomic units sampled broadly among plesiosaurs. 185 cranial and postcranial characters used in plesiosaur phylogenetics were critically reanalyzed, of which 152 were employed in the parsimony analysis. The results indicate a basal dichotomous split into the traditionally recognized pliosauroid and plesiosauroid clades. Nested within Pliosauroidea, a monophyletic Leptocleididae was recovered, consisting of L. superstes Andrews, 1922 and L. capensis (Andrews, 1911a). In contrast to earlier suggestions, Leptocleidus neither clusters with Rhomaleosaurus, which was found to be paraphyletic, nor with large-skulled pliosaurid taxa, such as Simolestes. Rather, a sister group relationship between Cretaceous Polycotylidae and Leptocleididae was recovered, which is here named Leptocleidoidea. Although TMP 94.122.01 is superficially similar to Leptocleidus, several discrete characters of the skull nest this new taxon within Polycotylidae. Compared to other phylogenetic hypotheses of plesiosaurs, these results are more congruent with respect to the stratigraphic distribution of leptocleidoids. A classification for Plesiosauria is presented.

scholarly journals Remarkable teleostean fishes from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany and their phylogenetic relationships

Fossil Record ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Arratia
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information

Complete descriptions, as preservation permits, are provided for new Late Jurassic taxa (e.g., †<i>Ascalabothrissops voelkli</i> n. gen. and n. sp., †<i>Anaethalion zapporum</i> n. sp., and †<i>Elopsomolos frickhingeri</i> n. gen. and n. sp.); the phylogenetic positions of these taxa are given, as well as an evaluation of the European teleosts during the Late Jurassic. <br><br> The relationships among certain fossil and extant teleosts are evaluated based on 191 unweighted morphological characters by using cladistic principles. The results suggest that †<i>Ascalabothrissops</i> n. gen. from the Kimmeridgian of Schamhaupten is the sister-taxon of †<i>Pachythrissops</i> from the Tithonian of Bavaria, and consequently is an ichthyodectiform. †<i>Anaethalion zapporum</i> n. sp., an elopiform, stands in an unresolved polytomy with †<i>A. angustus, †A. knorri</i>, and a clade formed by †<i>A. angustissimus</i> and more advanced elopiforms. The new results confirm Arratia (1997) that †<i>Anaethalion</i>, as presently understood, is a paraphyletic taxon. †<i>Elopsomolos frickhingeri</i> n. gen. and n. sp. forms a polytomy with †<i>Elopsomolos</i> sp. 1 and 3, and [<i>Elops + Megalops</i>]. Monophyly of the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian genus †<i>Elopsomolos</i> is not certain. <br><br> Following the new phylogenetic hypothesis, that includes new taxa and new characters, the elopomorphs stand as the primitive sister-group of osteoglossomorphs and more advanced teleosts. The new information does not affect the phylogenetic position of the main extant teleostean clades and confirms previous results by Arratia (1991, 1996, 1997, 1999). <br><br> The analysis of the elopiforms through time shows that the group had an important radiation during the Late Jurassic, to be replaced by new genera and species during the Cretaceous, and again during the Cenozoic. From numerous genera living in the past, elopiforms are represented now by two genera, <i>Elops</i> and <i>Megalops</i>. <br><br> Soweit es die Erhaltung zulässt, werden vollständige Beschreibungen der drei neuen spätjurassischen Taxa †<i>Ascalabothrissops voelkli</i> n. gen. et n. sp., †<i>Anaethalion zapporum</i> n. sp., und †<i>Elopsomolos frickhingeri</i> n. gen. et n. sp. gegeben. Die phylogenetische Stellung dieser Taxa als auch anderer spätjurassischer europäischer Teleosteer ist analysiert. <br><br> Die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb einiger fossiler und rezenter Teleosteer wurden auf der Basis von 191 nicht gewichteten morphologischen Merkmalen mit Hilfe der kladistischen Methode evaluiert. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass †<i>Ascalabothrissops</i> n. gen. aus dem Kimmeridgium von Schamhaupten das Schwestertaxon von †<i>Pachythrissops</i> und damit ein Ichthyodectiformer ist. †<i>Anaethalion zapporum</i> n. sp., ein Elopiformer, steht in einer nicht auflösbaren Polytomie mit †<i>A. angustus, †A, knorri</i>, und einer Gruppe gebildet aus †<i>A. angustissimus</i> und weiter fortgeschrittenen Elopiformen. Die neuen Ergebnisse bestätigen Arratia (1997), dass †<i>Anaethalion</i>, wie zur Zeit umgrenzt, ein paraphylethisches Taxon darstellt. †<i>Elopsomolos frickhingeri</i> n. gen. et n. sp. bildet eine Polytomie mit †<i>Elopsomolos</i> sp. 1 und 3, und [<i>Elops + Megalops</i>]. Die Monophylie der Gattung †<i>Elopsomolos</i> aus dem Kimmeridgium und Tithonium ist nicht gesichert. <br><br> Nach der neuen phylogenetischen Hypothese, die neue Taxa und neue Merkmale einbezieht, sind die Elopomorphen die primitive Schwestergruppe der Osteoglossomorphen und weiter fortgeschrittener Teleosteer. Die neuen Ergebnisse beeinflussen die phylogenetische Stellung der rezenten Hauptgruppen der Teleosteer nicht und bestätigen frühere Ergebnisse von Arratia (1991, 1996, 1997, 1999). <br><br> Die Analyse der Elopiformen zeigt, dass die Gruppe eine bedeutende Radiation im Spätjura erlebte; neue Gattungen und Arten traten in der Kreide auf und dann wieder im Känozoikum. Im Gegensatz zu den zahlreichen fossilen Gattungen sind die Elopiformen heute nur durch zwei Gattungen vertreten, <i>Elops</i> und <i>Megalops</i>. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20000030108" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20000030108</a>

Improved resolution of recalcitrant nodes in the animal phylogeny through the analysis of genome gene content and morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Juravel ◽  
Luis Porras ◽  
Sebastian Hoehna ◽  
Davide Pisani ◽  
Gert Wörheide
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Animal Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

An accurate phylogeny of animals is needed to clarify their evolution, ecology, and impact on shaping the biosphere. Although multi-gene alignments of up to several hundred thousand amino acids are nowadays routinely used to test hypotheses of animal relationships, some nodes towards the root of the animal phylogeny are proving hard to resolve. While the relationships of the non-bilaterian lineages, primarily sponges (Porifera) and comb jellies (Ctenophora), have received much attention since more than a decade, controversies about the phylogenetic position of the worm-like bilaterian lineage Xenacoelomorpha and the monophyly of the "Superphylum" Deuterostomia have more recently emerged. Here we independently analyse novel genome gene content and morphological datasets to assess patterns of phylogenetic congruence with previous amino-acid derived phylogenetic hypotheses. Using statistical hypothesis testing, we show that both our datasets very strongly support sponges as the sister group of all the other animals, Xenoacoelomorpha as the sister group of the other Bilateria, and largely support monophyletic Deuterostomia. Based on these results, we conclude that the last common animal ancestor may have been a simple, filter-feeding organism without a nervous system and muscles, while the last common ancestor of Bilateria might have been a small, acoelomate-like worm without a through gut.

A new species of Largocephalosaurus (Diapsida: Saurosphargidae), with implications for the morphological diversity and phylogeny of the group

2013 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUN LI ◽  
DA-YONG JIANG ◽  
LONG CHENG ◽  
XIAO-CHUN WU ◽  
OLIVIER RIEPPEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
A New Species

AbstractLargocephalosaurus polycarpon Cheng et al. 2012a was erected after the study of the skull and some parts of a skeleton and considered to be an eosauropterygian. Here we describe a new species of the genus, Largocephalosaurus qianensis, based on three specimens. The new species provides many anatomical details which were described only briefly or not at all in the type species, and clearly indicates that Largocephalosaurus is a saurosphargid. It differs from the type species mainly in having three premaxillary teeth, a very short retroarticular process, a large pineal foramen, two sacral vertebrae, and elongated small granular osteoderms mixed with some large ones along the lateral most side of the body. With additional information from the new species, we revise the diagnosis and the phylogenetic relationships of Largocephalosaurus and clarify a set of diagnostic features for the Saurosphargidae Li et al. 2011. Largocephalosaurus is characterized primarily by an oval supratemporal fenestra, an elongate dorsal ‘rib-basket’, a narrow and elongate transverse process of the dorsal vertebrae, and the lack of a complete dorsal carapace of osteoderms. The Saurosphargidae is distinct mainly in having a retracted external naris, a jugal–squamosal contact, a large supratemporal extensively contacting the quadrate shaft, a leaf-like tooth crown with convex labial surface and concave lingual surface, a closed dorsal ‘rib-basket’, many dorsal osteoderms, a large boomerang-like or atypical T-shaped interclavicle. Current evidence suggests that the Saurosphargidae is the sister-group of the Sauropterygia and that Largocephalosaurus is the sister-group of the Saurosphargis–Sinosaurosphargis clade within the family.

A new genus and two new species of planthopper in the tribe Cenchreini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4908 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-392
Author(s):  
BRIAN W. BAHDER ◽  
MARCO A. ZUMBADO ECHAVARRIA ◽  
EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES ◽  
ERICKA E. HELMICK ◽  
CHARLES R. BARTLETT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Two New Species

Recent survey work for planthoppers at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica found two new species allied with Cenchrea Westwood. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S were sequenced for the new taxa and used these data to assess the genus-level standing of the new taxa. The new taxa do not cluster with Cenchrea dorsalis Westwood, the type species of Cenchrea. A new genus Tico gen. n. described for the reception of new species described as Tico emmettcarri sp. n. (the type species) and Tico pseudosororius sp. n. Cenchrea sororia Fennah is moved to Tico gen. n., to form the new combination Tico sororius (Fennah). Tico gen. n. is compared with allied genera, and review genus-level diagnostic features and the species composition of Cenchrea, which appears to be compositionally heterogenous, but additional data is needed to evaluate genus-level placement of most species. 

Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Pyrgulinae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) with emphasis on the genus Dianella Gude, 1913

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szarowska ◽  
Andrzej Falniowski ◽  
FRANK Riedel ◽  
Thomas Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The phylogenetic position of the subfamily Pyrgulinae within the superfamily Rissooidea has been discussed very controversially. Different data sets not only led to different evolutionary scenarios but also to different systematic classifications of the taxon. The present study uses detailed anatomical data for two pyrgulinid taxa, the type species of the subfamily, Pyrgula annulata (Linnaeus, 1767), and the type species of the little known genus Dianella, D. thiesseana (Kobelt, 1878), as well as DNA sequencing data of three gene fragments from representatives of eight rissooidean families to A) infer the phylogenetic position of Pyrgulinae with emphasis on its relationships within the family Hydrobiidae, B) to study the degree of concordance between anatomyand DNAbased phylogenies and C) to trace the evolution of anatomical characters along a multi-gene molecular phylogeny to find the anatomical characters that might be informative for future cladistic analyses. Both anatomical and molecular data sets indicate either a very close or even sister-group relationship of Pyrgulinae and Hydrobiinae. However, there are major conflicts between the two data sets on and above the family level. Notably, Hydrobiidae is not monophyletic in the anatomical analysis. The reconstruction of anatomical character evolution indicates that many of the characters on which the European hydrobioid taxonomy is primarily based upon are problematic. The inability to clearly separate some hydrobiids from other distinct families based on those characters might explain why until only a few years ago, "Hydrobiidae" was a collecting box for numerous rissooidean taxa (mostly species with shells small and lacking any characteristic features). The present study not only stresses the need for comprehensive molecular studies of rissooidean taxa, it also demonstrates that much of the problems surrounding anatomical analyses in rissooidean taxa are due to the lack of comprehensive data for many representatives. In order to aid future comparativeanatomical studies and a better understanding of character evolution in the species-rich family Hydrobiidae, detailed anatomical descriptions for P. annulata and D. thiesseana are provided.Key words: Pyrgulinae, Pyrgula, Dianella, Hydrobiidae, phylogeny, DNA, anatomy, Greece

Asiorrhina, a new Oriental genus of Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) and its phylogenetic position

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR BLAGODEROV ◽  
HEIKKI HIPPA ◽  
JAN ŠEVČÍK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
A New Species

A new genus of Lygistorrhinidae, Asiorrhina gen. n., and a new species, Asiorrhina parasiatica sp. n., are described. Asiorrhina asiatica (Senior-White) comb. n. is redescribed and selected as the type species for the new genus. The systematic position of the new genus is discussed. All recent taxa of Lygistorrhinidae form a monophyletic group with the fossil genus Palaeognoriste Meunier as the sister group.

scholarly journals Detailed anatomy of the braincase ofMacelognathus vagansMarsh, 1884 (Archosauria, Crocodylomorpha) using high resolution tomography and new insights on basal crocodylomorph phylogeny

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Martin Leardi ◽  
Diego Pol ◽  
James Matthew Clark
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Postcranial Remains ◽  
New Material ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Ct Studies

BackgroundMacelognathus vagansMarsh, 1884 from the Late Jurassic Morrison Fm. of Wyoming was originally described as a dinosaur by Marsh and in 1971 Ostrom suggested crocodilian affinities. In 2005, Göhlich and collaborators identified new material of this species from Colorado as a basal crocodylomorph. However, a partial skull found in association with mandibular and postcranial remains was not described.MethodsDue to the small size and delicate structures within the braincase, micro CT studies were performed on this specimen. The new anatomical information was incorporated in a phylogenetic dataset, expanding both character and taxon sampling.ResultsThis new material reinforces the non-crocodyliform crocodylomorph affinities ofMacelognathusas it bears a large otic aperture, unfused frontals and lacks ornamentation on the dorsal cranial bones. The internal structures also support these affinities as this specimen bears traits (i.e., heavily pneumatized and expanded basisphenoid; the presence of additional pneumatic features on the braincase; and the otoccipital-quadrate contact) not present in most basal crocodylomorphs. Furthermore, the presence of a wide supraoccipital and a cranioquadrate passage are traits shared withAlmadasuchusfrom the early Late Jurassic of Argentina.Macelognathuswas recovered as one of the closest relatives of crocodyliforms, forming a clade (Hallopodidae) with two other Late Jurassic taxa (AlmadasuchusandHallopus).DiscussionThe clade formed byAlmadasuchus+Hallopus+Macelognathus, the Hallopodidae, is characterized by a higher degree of suturing of the braincase, posteriorly closed otic aperture (paralleled in mesoeucrocodylians) and cursorial adaptations. Also, the phylogenetic position of this lineage of derived crocodylomorphs as the sister group of Crocodyliformes implies a large amount of unsampled record (ghost lineage), at least 50 million years.

scholarly journals A current generic classification of sap beetles (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
A.G. Kirejtshuk
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Sap Beetles ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
A Current

The list of generic and subgeneric taxa arranged into subfamilies and tribes proposed for sap beetles is given, which includes also new genera [Parapocadius gen. nov. (Nitidulinae: Nitidulini) and Interfaxia gen. nov. (Nitidulinae: Cyllodini)] and subgenera [Semocarpolus subgen. nov. Gaplocarpolus subgen. nov. Askocarpolus subgen. nov. (Carpophilinae: Carpophilus Stephens, 1829)]. The Meoncerus Sharp, 1891; Apsectochilus Reitter, 1874 and Lordyrops Reitter, 1875 are considered as quite distinct each from other above mentioned as from all other generic taxa. In the list there are given the complete synonymy, including new synonymy of generic and subgeneric names [Crepuraea Kirejtshuk, 1990 and Nyujwa Perkovsky, 1990 syn. nov.; Haptoncus Murray, 1864 and Haptoncurina Jelínek, 1977, syn. nov.; Ecnomaeus Erichson, 1843 and Somaphorus Murray, 1864, syn. nov.; Ecnomorphus Motschulsky, 1858; Tribrachys LeConte, 1861 syn. nov.; Stauroglossicus Murray, 1864, syn. nov. and Microxanthus Murray, 1864, syn. nov.; Pria Stephens, 1829 and Allopria Kirejtshuk, 1980, syn. nov.; Megauchenia Macleay, 1825 and Orvoenia Dajoz, 1980, syn. nov.; Tetrisus Murray, 1864 and Pseudoischaena Grouvelle, 1897, syn. nov.; Neopocadius Grouvelle, 1906 and Pseudostelidota Grouvelle, 1906, syn. nov.; Cychramus Kugelann, 1794 and Aethinopsis Grouvelle, 1908, syn. nov.; Mystrops Erichson, 1843, and Cryptoraea Retter, 1873, syn. nov.; Cyllodes Erichson, 1843 and Mecyllodes Sharp, 1891, syn. nov.; Grammorus Murray, 1868 and Colopteroides Watrous, 1982, syn. nov.; Cryptarcha Shuckard, 1839 and Priatelus Broun, 1881, syn. nov.]. For some taxa the rank is changed, namely, Lordyra Gemminger & Harold, 1868, stat. nov. is regarded as a subgenus of Lasiodactylus Perty, 1830-1834; Brounthina Kirejtshuk, 1997, stat. nov. as a subgenus Neopocadius Grouvelle, 1906 and Teichostethus Sharp, 1891, stat. nov. as a subgenus of Hebascus Erichson, 1843, while the taxa Coxollodes Kirejtshuk, 1987 (stat. nov.) and Onicotis Murray, 1864 (stat. nov.) are regarded as separate genera. The new taxa and new taxonomical proposals are supplied with corresponding data in the notes below the list. In these notes there are also proposed the new synonymy for the following species names: Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) acutangulus Reitter, 1884 and C. (E.) cingulatus Reitter, 1884, syn. nov.; C. (E.) bakeweli Murray, 1864; C. (E.) planatus Murray, 1864, syn. nov. and C. (E.) aterrimus Macleay, 1864, syn. nov.; C. (E.) debilis Grouvelle, 1897 and C. (E.) opaculus Grouvelle, 1897, syn. nov.; C. (E.) luridipennis Macleay, 1873 and C. (E.) loriai Grouvelle, 1906, syn. nov.; C. (E.) murrayi Grouvelle, 1892 and C. (E.) hebetatus Grouvelle, 1908, syn. nov.; C. (E.) plagiatipennis (Motschulsky, 1858) and C. (E.) nigricans Grouvelle, 1897, syn. nov.; C. (E.) terminalis Murray, 1864 and C. (E.) gentilis Murray, 1864, syn. nov.; Lasiodactylus brunneus Perty, 1830; L. centralis Cline et Carlton, 2004, syn. nov.; L. falini Cline et Carlton, 2004, syn. nov. and L. kelleri Cline et Carlton, 2004, syn. nov.); Pallodes opacus Grouvelle, 1906 and P. loriai Grouvelle, 1906, syn. nov.; Cyllodes fauveli Grouvelle, 1903 and Pallodes vagepunctus Grouvelle, 1903, syn. nov.; Pallodes jucundus Reitter, 1873 and Mecyllodes nigropictus Sharp, 1891, syn. nov.; Pallodes birmanicus Grouvelle, 1892 and P. kalingus Kirejtshuk, 1987, syn. nov.; P. gestroi Grouvelle, 1906 and P. misellus Grouvelle, 1906, syn. nov.; P. ruficollis Reitter, 1873 and P. cyanescens Grouvelle, 1898, syn. nov.; Grammophorus caelatus Gerstäcker, 1864 and Colopterus striaticollis Murray, 1864, syn. nov. In connection with a preliminary revision of many type series of the family and the mentioned taxonomical changes for some species names are established new taxonomical interpretation, namely: Pleoronia nitida (Grouvelle, 1898), comb. nov. (Axyra : Axyrodes); Parapocadius immerizi (Grouvelle, 1899), comb. nov. (Pallodes); Camptodes ruficornis (Grouvelle, 1898), comb. nov. (Pallodes); Neopallodes aestimabilis (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. alluaudi (Grouvelle, 1899), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. aterrimus (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. dorsalis (Grouvelle, 1896), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. fairmairei (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. incertus (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. klugi (Grouvelle, 1896), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. limbicollis (Reitter, 1880), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. militaris (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. niger (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. nigrocyaneus Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. nitidus (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. orthogonus (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. perrieri (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. scutellaris (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. sicardi (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. sikordi (Grouvelle, 1896), comb. nov. (Pallodes); N. variabilis (Grouvelle, 1896) , comb. nov. (Pallodes); Coxollodes cyrtusoides (Reitter, 1884), comb. nov. (Pallodes); C. amamiensis (Hisamatsu, 1956), comb. nov. (Pallodes); Coxollodes opacus (Grouvelle, 1906), comb. nov. (Pallodes); C. parvulus (Grouvelle, 1908), comb. nov. (Pallodes); C. reitteri Kirejtshuk, 1987, comb. nov. (Pallodes); Pallodes fauveli (Grouvelle, 1903), comb. nov. (Cyllodes); Cyllodes jucundus (Reitter, 1873), comb. nov. (Pallodes); Interfaxia fasciata (Sharp, 1891), comb. nov.; Onicotis auritus Murray, 1864 comb. nov.; Platyarcha biguttata (Motschulsky, 1858), comb. nov. (Carphophilus: Ecnomorphus); Cryptarcha optanda (Broun, 1881), comb. nov. (Priateles). Besides, because of the new interpretation for Pallodes laetus Grouvelle, 1898, which should be transfered to the genus Camptodes, C. grouvellei nom. nov. (non Camptodes laetus Kirsch, 1873) is proposed. For the generic names Perilopa Erichson, 1843 and Meoncerus Sharp, 1891 the type species are designated as well as for Pallodes laetus Grouvelle, 1898 (Camptodes grouvellei nom. nov.) the lectotype designation is made.

The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implications for theropod systematics

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1100-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
African Form ◽  
Large Predators

Tyrannosaurids are a well-supported clade of very large predatory dinosaurs of Late Cretaceous Asiamerica. Traditional dinosaurian systematics place these animals within the infraorder Carnosauria with the other large theropods (allosaurids, megalosaurids). A new cladistic analysis indicates that the tyrannosaurs were in fact derived members of the Coelurosauria, a group of otherwise small theropods. Despite certain gross cranial similarities with the large predators of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids are shown to be the sister group to ornithomimids and troodontids, which share a derived condition of the metatarsus. This clade is found to be nested within Maniraptora, which is a more inclusive taxon than previously recognized. The atrophied carpal structure found in tyrannosaurids and ornithomimids is derived from a maniraptoran condition with a large semilunate carpal, rather than from the plesiomorphic theropod morphology.The taxa “Carnosauria” and “Deinonychosauria” (Dromaeosauridae plus Troodontidae) are shown to be polyphyletic, and the Late Jurassic African form Elaphrosaurus is found to be the sister taxon to Abelisauridae rather than a primitive ornithomimosaur. Purported allosaurid-tyrannosaurid synapomorphies are seen to be largely size-related, present in the larger members of both clades, but absent in smaller members of the Tyrannosauridae. The remaining giant tetanurine theropods (Megalosaurus and Torvosaurus) were found to be progressively distant outgroups to an allosaurid-coelurosaur clade. The inclusion of the Tyrannosauridae within Maniraptora suggests a major adaptive radiation of coelurosaurs within Cretaceous Asiamerica comparable to contemporaneous radiations in various herbivorous dinosaurian clades.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document