scholarly journals Microdosing as a response to the meaning crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Petranker ◽  
Juensung Kim ◽  
Thomas Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Future Research Directions

Background: The use of psychedelic substances like LSD and magic mushrooms in research and to treat mental health conditions has been increasing in the last decade. In particular, the practice of microdosing – using sub-hallucinogenic amounts of psychedelics – has been increasing (Anderson et al., 2019), but large-scale systemic qualitative analyses are still scant.Aims: This study attempted to recognize emergent themes in qualitative reports regarding the experience of microdosing so as to enrich the theoretical landscape in psychedelics research and propose future research directions for both basic and clinical research.Methods: This study used qualitative analysis to analyze free-text responses from individuals who participated in an online survey disseminated on various social media platforms. Participants had reported microdosing at least once in the past year.Results: Data from 118 informative responses suggested four main emergent themes: reasons for microdosing, the practice of microdosing, outcomes linked to microdosing, and meta-commentary about microdosing. Participants mostly reported microdosing for clinical reasons and to improve productivity, and mentioned that the practice is often challenging due to unknown optimal dosing regimen. The outcomes of microdosing varied widely between strong endorsement of the practice and disappointment at the lack of effect. Meta-commentary included warning against overexcitement with the practice. We couch our findings in meaning-making theory and propose that, even at low doses, psychedelic substances can provide a sense of meaning currently lacking in Western culture.Conclusion: Our results suggest that there many of the reported benefits occur regardless of motivation to microdose and are likely due to the enhanced psychological flexibility and sense of connectedness made possible due to the use of psychedelics. Double-blind, placebo controlled experiments are required in order to substantiate these reports.

Gamified Self

2016 ◽  
pp. 304-327
Author(s):  
Rachelle DiGregorio ◽  
Harsha Gangadharbatla
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

Gamified self has many dimensions, one of which is self-tracking. It is an activity in which a person collects and reflects on their personal information over time. Digital tools such as pedometers, GPS-enabled mobile applications, and number-crunching websites increasingly facilitate this practice. The collection of personal information is now a commonplace activity as a result of connected devices and the Internet. Tracking is integrated into so many digital services and devices; it is more or less unavoidable. Self-tracking engages with new technology to put the power of self-improvement and self-knowledge into people's own hands by bringing game dynamics to non-game contexts. The purpose of this chapter's research is to move towards a better understanding of how self-tracking can (and will) grow in the consumer market. An online survey was conducted and results indicate that perceptions of ease of use and enjoyment of tracking tools are less influential to technology acceptance than perceptions of usefulness. Implications and future research directions are presented.

Introduction to L2 attrition

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora H. Mehotcheva ◽  
Barbara Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Subject

As the introduction to the section on second language (L2) attrition, this chapter provides a broad presentation to research on attrition of L2 and foreign languages (FL). We will first discuss the terminology used in the field, focusing on some important differences in the terminology used in first language (L1) attrition studies. It provides a short overview of the development of the field, outlining major challenges and obstacles that research on the topic has to deal with. Next, it briefly describes the major findings and knowledge amassed on the subject before reviewing in more detail the findings of some of the most significant and large-scale projects carried out on L2/FL attrition. A final presentation of several theoretical frameworks of interest for L2/FL attrition research will allow us to show how L2/FL attrition is commonly explained but also to provide some ideas for future research directions.

scholarly journals Compressing Large-Scale Transformer-Based Models: A Case Study on BERT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1061-1080
Author(s):  
Prakhar Ganesh ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Xin Lou ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khan ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Model Compression ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Or Applications

Abstract Pre-trained Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models often have billions of parameters, and thus are too resource- hungry and computation-intensive to suit low- capability devices or applications with strict latency requirements. One potential remedy for this is model compression, which has attracted considerable research attention. Here, we summarize the research in compressing Transformers, focusing on the especially popular BERT model. In particular, we survey the state of the art in compression for BERT, we clarify the current best practices for compressing large-scale Transformer models, and we provide insights into the workings of various methods. Our categorization and analysis also shed light on promising future research directions for achieving lightweight, accurate, and generic NLP models.

scholarly journals Motivating Military Trainee Healthy Eating: Insight from Two Sites

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Anna Kitunen ◽  
Julia Carins ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Cooking Skills ◽  
Future Research Directions

This paper investigates eating behaviours and motivations of early career military trainees from two pathways (officer cadets and army recruits) to understand whether, and to what extent, healthful eating behaviours were present, and what motivates eating in general and healthful habits specifically. The study also sought to understand whether groups need strategies that are pathway specific or are transferrable across different trainee populations. Participants were recruited via email to complete an online survey and through in-person invitations to ensure a diverse cross section of trainees (n = 195) and recruits (n = 297). Two-step cluster analysis revealed three distinct segments with education, opportunity and motivation being the most important variables within a wider multivariate segment formation and stepwise linear regression was performed to identify the most optimal model with the least number of predictors for each segment. The ideal model for the uninterested segment contained nine predictors, seven predictors for the Breakfast skippers segment and eight predictors for the Weight conscious segment. This study found that there is room for improvement in the eating habits of military trainees across military training pathways. Eating motivations, and their associations with healthful eating habits, indicate a need for strategies that are broader than instilling or reinforcing health motivations. Strategies that can be implemented to support healthful eating for military trainees include provision of food preparation and cooking skills training, coupled with provision of social support and environments that facilitate healthful eating. Furthermore, three distinct segments were discovered within the trainee population, indicating that strategies for positively changing trainees’ eating behaviours may not need to be pathway specific, rather it may be possible to introduce the same group of segmented strategies across both pathways. Future research directions and limitations are outlined.

scholarly journals Experiencing the Unprecedented COVID-19 Lockdown: Abu Dhabi Older Adults’ Challenges and Concerns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Badri ◽  
Mugheer Al Khaili ◽  
Hamad Al Dhaheri ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Asma Al Rashdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Sleeping Disorders ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Policy Guidance

Abstract This study focused on older adults (60 + years old) in Abu Dhabi during the COVID-19 pandemic before vaccines were made available to them. They faced more strict rules of movement restriction and isolation that might have resulted in certain psychological feelings and social reactions. Data were gathered through an online survey of community members conducted from April to July of 2020, in which 574 older adults responded. The main objective was to understand Abu Dhabi older adults’ main psychological feelings during the pandemic and to identify their main concerns and challenges considering the various COVID-19 related policies and restrictions. The influence of the pandemic on older adults’ health and weight was also investigated. Results of descriptive analyses show that some negative psychological feelings were common among older adults’ during the pandemic. However, the psychological feelings did not portray significant changes with time, except for sleeping disorders and overeating. The movement restrictions imposed on elderlies and not being able to see children and grandchildren when wanted were the two main concerns reported. The research summaries some policy guidance while noting some limitations of this study and future research directions.

scholarly journals Markets for data

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-660
Author(s):  
Pantelis Koutroumpis ◽  
Aija Leiponen ◽  
Llewellyn D W Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficient Market ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Future Research Directions

Abstract Although datasets are abundant and assumed to be immensely valuable, they are not being shared or traded openly and transparently on a large scale. We investigate the nature of data trading with a conceptual market design approach and demonstrate the importance of provenance to overcome appropriability and quality concerns. We consider the requirements for efficient data exchange, comparing existing trading arrangements against efficient market models and show that it is possible to achieve either large markets with little control or small markets with greater control. We describe some future research directions.

scholarly journals Emergency Logistics in a Large-Scale Disaster Context: Achievements and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Jiang ◽  
Yufei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Emergency Logistics ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Research

There is growing research interest in emergency logistics within the operations research (OR) community. Different from normal business operations, emergency response for large scale disasters is very complex and there are many challenges to deal with. Research on emergency logistics is still in its infancy stage. Understanding the challenges and new research directions is very important. In this paper, we present a literature review of emergency logistics in the context of large-scale disasters. The main contributions of our study include three aspects: First, we identify key characteristics of large-scale disasters and assess their challenges to emergency logistics. Second, we analyze and summarize the current literature on how to deal with these challenges. Finally, we discuss existing gaps in the relevant research and suggest future research directions.

scholarly journals Hashtag Recommendation Methods for Twitter and Sina Weibo: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Areej Alsini ◽  
Du Q. Huynh ◽  
Amitava Datta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Sina Weibo ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Textual Content

Hashtag recommendation suggests hashtags to users while they write microblogs in social media platforms. Although researchers have investigated various methods and factors that affect the performance of hashtag recommendations in Twitter and Sina Weibo, a systematic review of these methods is lacking. The objectives of this study are to present a comprehensive overview of research on hashtag recommendation for tweets and present insights from previous research papers. In this paper, we search for articles related to our research between 2010 and 2020 from CiteSeer, IEEE Xplore, Springer and ACM digital libraries. From the 61 articles included in this study, we notice that most of the research papers were focused on the textual content of tweets instead of other data. Furthermore, collaborative filtering methods are seldom used solely in hashtag recommendation. Taking this perspective, we present a taxonomy of hashtag recommendation based on the research methodologies that have been used. We provide a critical review of each of the classes in the taxonomy. We also discuss the challenges remaining in the field and outline future research directions in this area of study.

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