scholarly journals Actively Open-Minded Thinking, Bullshit Receptivity, and Susceptibility to Framing: Evaluating the Dual-Process Account in North America and Bulgaria

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay R. Rachev ◽  
Sandra Jeanette Geiger ◽  
Jáchym Vintr ◽  
Desislava Kirilova Kirilova ◽  
Anna Nabutovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
University Students ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Process Framework ◽  
Within Subjects

The framing effect occurs when different presentations of the same problem lead to predictably different preferences. The dual-process framework of higher cognition assumes that the effect violates rational principles, but alternative accounts and recent evidence have contested this interpretation. Contributing to this debate, we tested the dual-process assumption by investigating associations between susceptibility to framing and the willingness and ability to think in line with rational norms, conceptualized as actively open-minded thinking and pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. We conducted two online studies among North American (N = 259) and Bulgarian (N = 248) university students and administered several framing problems within subjects, presumably a necessary condition for the associations to appear. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that susceptibility to framing was associated with decreased actively open-minded thinking and increased bullshit receptivity in both sites. Exploratory multi-group analyses demonstrated partial strong invariance and showed that the findings generalize across both sites in terms of direction and partially in terms of magnitude. These results broadly support the dual-process account of the framing effect. Our study further contributes to adapting existing measures to a novel setting and expanding the findings across borders and populations.

Psychometric Properties of Goldberg's 50 Personality Markers for the Big Five Model1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar García ◽  
Anton Aluja ◽  
Luís F. García
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Spanish transparent version of Goldberg's Big Five 50 personality markers ( Goldberg, 1992 ). The structure of the questionnaire was analyzed through exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in a sample of 1189 university students. The Spanish version shows similar statistical properties to the English one. A reduced version of the Goldberg questionnaire with 25 items yields a better fit to the five-factor personality structure than the 50-adjective version.

RE-EXAMINATION OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdinç Duru
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Turkish University Students ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The effectiveness of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) was investigated with a sample of 340 Turkish university students. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the 3-subscale structure of the MSPSS was valid. In addition, the results verified that the MSPSS has high internal and test-retest reliability. These results indicate that the MSPSS and its subscales can be used in research related to university students in Turkey.

scholarly journals The Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test, Drive for Muscularity Scale, and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory among Chinese Men: Confirmatory Factor Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11690
Author(s):  
Jinbo He ◽  
Stuart Murray ◽  
Emilio J. Compte ◽  
Jianwen Song ◽  
Jason M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Male University Students

Research on eating disorders (EDs) and body image disturbances has focused mostly on females from Western countries, and little is known about EDs in male populations in China, which is partially due to the lack of validated assessment measures. The current work aims to translate the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET), Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) into Chinese and examine their psychometric properties. The factor structures, reliability and validity of the translated scales were examined with two samples: male university students (n = 295, Mage = 18.92 years) and general adult men (n = 406, Mage = 28.53 years). With confirmatory factor analyses, the original factor structures are replicated for the MOET, DMS and MDDI. The results also support the adequate internal consistency for both samples. Strong evidence of convergent and incremental validity for the three measures is also found in both samples. Overall, the three measures prove to be good instruments for use among Chinese male university students and general adult men.

scholarly journals Psychometric Studies of the Learning Strategies Scale for University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (60) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evely Boruchovitch ◽  
Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Psychometric Studies ◽  
Cognitive And Metacognitive Strategies ◽  
Variance Explained

The aim of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of a learning strategies scale for university students. The scale was composed of 49 Likert scale items related to cognitive and metacognitive strategies. It was applied in a sample of 1,490 university students. The factor analysis revealed that 35 items had acceptable loadings and identified a three factor structure: Factor 1 - Cognitive and Metacognitive Self-regulation, Factor 2 - Internal Resource and Context regulation, and Factor 3 - Social regulation. Its internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and was .87 for the total scale, .86 for Factor 1, .71 for Factor 2 and .65 for Factor 3. The total variance explained was 26.6%. Further studies are suggested based on confirmatory factor analyses, so that the scale can be better utilized in psychoeducational evaluation.

Pure Emotion-loaded Materials in the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS): A Study on Intensity Ratings in Chinese University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Yanli Jia ◽  
Xu Shao ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Model Fit Indices

Background: Materials loaded with pure emotion are essential for basic and clinical research on sounds. The International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS) is one of the widely-used emotional tools, but its materials are not clearly labeled with specific emotions. We have hypothesized that the IADS contains pure vectors of at least disgust, erotica (or erotism), fear, happiness, sadness and neutral emotions. Methods: We therefore selected 48 IADS sounds with saturate emotions, and invited 271 male and 353 female university students to rate the intensity of the emotions conveyed in each sound. The ratings were then analyzed with the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: Five factors were observed, namely: erotica, fear-sadness, happiness, neutrality, and disgust. Later, as two facets, sounds of fear-sadness were separated. Thirty sounds under six facets were finally retained with good model-fit indices and satisfactory factor internal reliabilities. Moreover, males scored significantly higher on erotica than females did. Conclusion: Our study purified a series of emotion-loaded IADS sounds, which might help clarify the pure effects of sound emotion in future research and clinical management of affective disorders.

scholarly journals Testing the construct validity of the Discounting Inventory – Psychometric properties of a Polish and German samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Malesza
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Social Discounting ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
German Data

Abstract The Discounting Inventory (DI), originally developed in polish language, allows the measurement of individual differences in the delay, probabilistic, effort, and social discounting rates. The present study attempted to validate the DI’s psychometric properties using German university students and to compare the results to those from a sample of Polish university students. Over four hundred participants completed the DI and traditional discounting measures. A confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the original four-factor model of the DI provided an excellent fit for the German data and internal consistency was high. These outcomes were similar, if not superior, to those from the Polish sample. DI scores strongly correlated with traditional discounting measures scores in both samples, replicating previous results. These findings indicate that the DI is a valid measure for use in a sample from another cultural setting, which is potentially useful to both researchers and practitioners.

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Model Invariance ◽  
Three Factor

The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.

Mindfulness or Mindlessness?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkmar Höfling ◽  
Helfried Moosbrugger ◽  
Karin Schermelleh-Engel ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Wording ◽  
Method Effects

The 15 items of the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003 ) are negatively worded and assumed to assess mindfulness. However, there are indications of differences between the original MAAS and a version with the positively rephrased MAAS items (“mirror items”). The present study examines whether the mindfulness facet “mindful attention and awareness” (MAA) can be measured with both positively and negatively worded items if we take method effects due to item wording into account. To this end, the 15 negatively worded items of the MAAS and additionally 13 positively rephrased items were assessed (N = 602). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) models with and without regard to method effects were carried out and evaluated by means of model fit. As a result, the positively and negatively worded items should be seen as different methods that influence the construct validity of mindfulness. Furthermore, a modified version of the MAAS (MAAS-Short) with five negatively worded items (taken from the MAAS) and five positively worded items (“mirror items”) was introduced as an alternative to assess MAA. The MAAS-Short appears superior to the original MAAS. The results and the limitations of the present study are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document