scholarly journals The Somatomorphic Matrix-Female: More Evidence for the Validity of Bidimensional Figural Rating Scales for Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Talbot ◽  
Justin Mahlberg ◽  
Mitchell Cunningham ◽  
Rebecca Pinkus ◽  
Marianna Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Undergraduate Women

Our study aimed to develop and provide a preliminary psychometric validation of theSomatomorphic Matrix-Female (SM-F), a new bidimensional female figural rating scale which can be used to gauge actual and desired levels of both body fat and muscularity in a consolidated measure, as well as providing an index of actual–desired body discrepancy based on these measures. Across two studies undergraduate women (n Study 1 = 481; n Study 2 = 391) completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Body Shape Questionnaire-34, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (Study 1) and the Drive for Thinness Scale and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (Study 2), as well as the SM-F. Overall, the SM-F demonstrated sound content, concurrent, and convergent validity for actual and desired body fat, actual and desired muscularity, and their respective discrepancy scores

scholarly journals The Validity of Teacher Rating Scales for the Assessment of ADHD Symptoms in the Classroom: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472091683
Author(s):  
Anouck I. Staff ◽  
Jaap Oosterlaan ◽  
Saskia van der Oord ◽  
Pieter J. Hoekstra ◽  
Karen Vertessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Scale Scores

Objective: To assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the classroom, most often teacher rating scales are used. However, clinical interviews and observations are recommended as gold standard assessment. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the validity of teacher rating scales. Method: Twenty-two studies ( N = 3,947 children) assessing ADHD symptoms using teacher rating scale and either semi-structured clinical interview or structured classroom observation were meta-analyzed. Results: Results showed convergent validity for rating scale scores, with the strongest correlations ( r = .55–.64) for validation against interviews, and for hyperactive–impulsive behavior. Divergent validity was confirmed for teacher ratings validated against interviews, whereas validated against observations this was confirmed for inattention only. Conclusion: Teacher rating scales appear a valid and time-efficient measure to assess classroom ADHD; although validated against semi-structured clinical interviews, there were only a few studies available. Low correlations between ratings and structured observations of inattention suggest that observations could add information above rating scales.

scholarly journals New Body Scales Reveal Body Dissatisfaction, Thin-Ideal, and Muscularity-Ideal in Males

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ralph-Nearman ◽  
Ruth Filik
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Body Scale

The aim of the current study was to develop, test, and retest two new male body dissatisfaction scales: The Male Body Scale (MBS; consisting of emaciated to obese figures) and the Male Fit Body Scale (MFBS; consisting of emaciated to muscular figures). These scales were compared to the two most commonly used visually based indices of body dissatisfaction (Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, SFRS; and Somatomorphic Matrix, SM). Male participants rated which body figure on each scale most represented their current figure, then their ideal figure, and then rated which one of the three scales (MBS, MFBS, and SFRS) best represented their current and ideal body overall. Finally, they completed the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their actual body composition was calculated. This was followed by a retest and manipulation check 2 to 6 weeks later. Participants’ actual body mass index, fat- and muscularity-percentage were all highly related to their current body figure choice, and both new scales were consistently valid and more reliable between test and retest than the SFRS and SM body dissatisfaction scores. Importantly, each scale was sensitive to different types of body dissatisfaction within males. Specifically, the MBS revealed that males’ desire for the thin-ideal significantly corresponded to higher eating disorder tendencies as identified by EDE-Q 6.0 scores, while the MFBS revealed much higher body dissatisfaction toward the larger, muscularity-ideal, predicting higher drive for muscularity as identified by DMS scores. Results validated the new scales, and inform male-focused eating disorder research.

Multitrait-Multi Method Analysis of Three Rating Formats

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Waters ◽  
Maryelien Reardon ◽  
Jack E. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Standard Scale ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Samples

A multitrait-multimethod analysis was performed on instructors' ratings obtained from three formats, behaviorally anchored rating scales, graphic rating scale, and mixed standard scale, for two samples of 100 undergraduate students each. The two samples were distinguished on the basis of whether the statements on the mixed-standard scale were behaviorally specific or more generic descriptions of the dimensions. The more specific mixed-standard scale yielded a greater proportion of inconsistent ratings than the less specific one. Also, convergent and discriminant validity were smaller and method variance and unexplained error were greater for the more specific mixed-standard scale. However, a more detailed examination of these effects in terms of selected average correlations indicated that some of these results were not necessarily due to the format. Relative levels of convergent validity were higher and relative levels of discriminant validity were lower than found by Dickinson and Zellinger in 1980 for faculty ratings in a professional school. Over-all, the mixed-standard scale engendered as much convergent and discriminant validity as did the other two rating formats.

Screening for Anxiety Symptoms in Parkinson Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elka Stefanova ◽  
Ljubomir Ziropadja ◽  
Mirjana Petrović ◽  
Tanja Stojković ◽  
Vladimir Kostić
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Levodopa Dose

Background: A limited number of studies examined anxiety in Parkinson disease (PD). Questionable validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) defined anxiety disorders in PD population as well as a lack of validated rating scales hampered the investigation in this field. Objective: To screen for prevalence of anxiety symptoms and their associated demographic and clinical features in an outpatient-based cohort with PD. Patients and methods: A consecutive series of 360 patients with PD underwent investigation with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, section E (anxiety), motor scoring with Hoehn and Yahr staging, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, and cognitive screening with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: In all, 136 (37.8%) patients with PD of our cohort had anxiety symptoms, whereas both depression and anxiety were recorded in 5.6% of the patients, while in 56.7% neither anxiety nor depression was present. Female gender, motor disability, and core depression symptoms were the main markers of anxiety in patients with PD. The severity of anxiety symptoms was not associated with asymmetry of motor symptoms. Education, disease duration, and levodopa dose were poor predictors in the model. The HARS had a satisfactory inter-item correlation, convergent validity, and factorial structure. Conclusions: Anxiety may be present as an isolated symptom, with specific demographic and clinical markers, and not only as a feature of depression in PD population. This highlighted the importance of identifying anxiety symptoms when treating patients with PD.

Analysis of the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-28 (CTRS-28)

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Erford
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Similar Rating ◽  
Conners Teacher Rating Scale

One hundred and nineteen teachers of 540 normal boys and girls, ages 5 to 10, were administered the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-28 (CTRS-28). Their responses were analyzed to assess the instrument's internal consistency and its construct and criterion-related validity. Principle components analysis revealed a four-factor structure underlying the scale, rather than the three-factor structure originally reported. Internal consistency of the factors ranged from .79 to .95. Convergent validity with similar rating scales was primarily excellent. Norms for newly derived factors and critical analysis of the usefulness of the CTRS-28 were explored.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sebastien Renaud ◽  
Miriam Lacasse ◽  
Luc Côté ◽  
Johanne Théorêt ◽  
Christian Rheault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Clinical Rotation ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Criterion Referenced

Abstract Background With the implementation of competency-based education in family medicine, there is a need for summative end-of-rotation assessments that are criterion-referenced rather than normative. Laval University’s family residency program therefore developed the Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine (DBS-FM), based on competency milestones. This psychometric validation study investigates its internal structure and its relation to another variable, two sources of validity evidence. Methods We used the assessment data from a cohort of residents (n = 1 432 assessments) and the Rasch Rating Scale Model to investigate its reliability, dimensionality, rating scale functioning, targeting of items to residents’ competency levels, biases (differential item functioning), items hierarchy (adequacy of milestones ordering), and score responsiveness. Convergent validity was estimated by its correlation with the clinical rotation decision (pass, in difficulty/fail). Results The DBS-FM can be considered as a unidimensional scale with good reliability for non-extreme scores (.83). The correlation between expected and empirical items hierarchies was of .78, p < .0001.Year 2 residents achieved higher scores than year 1 residents. It was associated with the clinical rotation decision. Conclusion Advancing its validation, this study found that the DBS-FM has a sound internal structure and demonstrates convergent validity.

Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Penelo ◽  
Ana M. Villarroel ◽  
Mariona Portell ◽  
Rosa M. Raich
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
College Men ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Undergraduate Men

Background: Most studies on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) focus exclusively on women. Aims: To examine the internal consistency and convergent validity of the EDE-Q in Spanish undergraduate men and to compare the results with those obtained previously in college samples of Spanish women and American men. Methods: 269 college men, aged 18–30 years, answered the EDE-Q, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Results: The four subscale scores and the global score of the EDE-Q achieved acceptable internal consistency (α ≥ .65), and evidence on convergent validity with EDI-2 and BSQ was obtained (r ≥ .41). Average scores, standard deviations, and percentile ranks for the raw EDE-Q subscales and data on the occurrence of binge eating and compensatory behaviors are presented. Most values were lower than those found in previous studies with Spanish undergraduate women and American undergraduate men. Discussion: Lower scores in EDE-Q subscales provide country differences between Spain and United States and support the existence of gender differences in eating disorders attitudes. These data should help clinicians and researchers to interpret the EDE-Q scores of college men in Spain.

A New Visual Image Rating Scale for Females: Correlations with Measures of Relative Fatness, Weight Dissatisfaction, and Body-Esteem

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne P. Goldberg ◽  
Elizabeth B. Lenart ◽  
Stephen M. Bailey ◽  
Elissa Koff
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Image Rating ◽  
Highly Correlated

A new Visual Image Rating Scale for females was developed from a computer-reconstructed photograph to produce figures with realistic three-dimensional contour and different types of fat and muscle distribution. Correlations between choice of figures selected by a group of college women on two occasions two weeks apart gave significant test-retest stability. To estimate the construct validity of the scale in assessing body satisfaction, at the time the scale was first administered 77 undergraduate women were asked to select the figure closest to their current physique and to complete the Body-esteem Scale. Figure selection was highly correlated with relative fatness as measured by Body Mass Index and with scores on the Weight Concern subscale of the Body-esteem Scale. The utility of the scale for women of color or for women of a wider range of age and socioeconomic status remains to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Body Image Matrix of Thinness and Muscularity – Female Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Steinfeld ◽  
Andrea S. Hartmann ◽  
Manuel Waldorf ◽  
Silja Vocks
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Despite evidence that thinness and muscularity are part of the female body ideal, there is not yet a reliable figure rating scale measuring the body image of women which includes both of these dimensions. To overcome this shortcoming, the Body Image Matrix of Thinness and Muscularity - Female Bodies (BIMTM-FB) was developed. Methods The objective of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of this measure. N = 607 non-clinical women and N = 32 women with eating disorders answered the BIMTM-FB as well as instruments assessing eating disorder symptoms and body image disturbance in order to test the convergent validity of the BIMTM-FB. To assess test-retest reliability, a two-week interval was determined. Results The results indicated that the body-fat dimension of the BIMTM-FB correlates significantly with the Contour Drawing Rating-Scale, the Drive for Leanness Scale (DLS) and the Body Appreciation Scale, while the muscularity dimension of the BIMTM-FB was significantly associated with the DLS and the Drive for Muscularity Scale, proving the convergent validity of the BIMTM-FB. High coefficients of test-retest reliability were found. Moreover, the BIMTM-FB differentiated between the clinical sample and the non-clinical controls. Conclusions The BIMTM-FB is a figure rating scale assessing both thinness and muscularity as part of the female body ideal. Due to its high reliability and validity, the BIMTM-FB can be recommended in research and practice.

scholarly journals Adolescents' actual appearance and body image self-assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
ANNA ŁYSAK ◽  
DOMINIKA WILCZYŃSKA ◽  
ANNA WALENTUKIEWICZ ◽  
KAROL KARASIEWICZ ◽  
PAWEŁ SKONIECZNY
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Actual Figure ◽  
Body Self

The body image is one of the most important components of self-esteem which corresponds with the psycho-physical health of the individual. The purpose of the study was to search for the relationship between the actual figure and body image. The research was conducted in 2014 among 830 adolescents. Sample selection was random. Actual figure was defined by the body composition, BMI and the distribution of body fat. Body image was assessed with Stunkard's Figure Rating Scale. Statistical analysis was performed based on the software Statistical Package for Social Science. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a significant strong correlation between the real somatic self assessment and actual figure, and the strongest indicator for the development of self-image is BMI and fat mass. The results also indicated that real somatic self is explained in 49%, and ideal somatic self in approx. 30% Stable body self-esteem is an essential part of human mental health and an appropriate level of body fat which allows to determine the actual figure, can protect individuals from many civilization diseases in the future.

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