scholarly journals Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Body Image Matrix of Thinness and Muscularity – Female Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Steinfeld ◽  
Andrea S. Hartmann ◽  
Manuel Waldorf ◽  
Silja Vocks
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Despite evidence that thinness and muscularity are part of the female body ideal, there is not yet a reliable figure rating scale measuring the body image of women which includes both of these dimensions. To overcome this shortcoming, the Body Image Matrix of Thinness and Muscularity - Female Bodies (BIMTM-FB) was developed. Methods The objective of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of this measure. N = 607 non-clinical women and N = 32 women with eating disorders answered the BIMTM-FB as well as instruments assessing eating disorder symptoms and body image disturbance in order to test the convergent validity of the BIMTM-FB. To assess test-retest reliability, a two-week interval was determined. Results The results indicated that the body-fat dimension of the BIMTM-FB correlates significantly with the Contour Drawing Rating-Scale, the Drive for Leanness Scale (DLS) and the Body Appreciation Scale, while the muscularity dimension of the BIMTM-FB was significantly associated with the DLS and the Drive for Muscularity Scale, proving the convergent validity of the BIMTM-FB. High coefficients of test-retest reliability were found. Moreover, the BIMTM-FB differentiated between the clinical sample and the non-clinical controls. Conclusions The BIMTM-FB is a figure rating scale assessing both thinness and muscularity as part of the female body ideal. Due to its high reliability and validity, the BIMTM-FB can be recommended in research and practice.

scholarly journals Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) in a Student Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Migle Baceviciene ◽  
Rasa Jankauskiene ◽  
Vaiva Balciuniene
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sociocultural Influences ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sociocultural Attitudes ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) is one of the most broadly used self-report tools that assess the general role of sociocultural influences on body image and appearance-related internalization. The present study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Lithuanian version of the SATAQ-4 (LT-SATAQ-4), as a screening self-report instrument for assessing the role of sociocultural influences on body image. A mixed-gender sample (N = 1850) of undergraduate students (88.7%) and graduate students (11.3%) from different state universities and colleges participated in this study (average age 21.6 ±5.0). The students completed a self-report online questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for assessing test-retest reliability. The construct validity of the Lithuanian Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (LT-SATAQ-4) was studied performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The mean scores for the LT-SATAQ-4 subscales ranged from 1.6 ± 0.9 (Pressure subscale: Peers) to 2.7 ± 1.2 (Internalization subscale: Thin/Low Body Fat). Test-retest reliability was good to excellent for the general and subscale scores (0.85–1.00) except for the Pressure subscale: Peers (0.60). The original 5-factor structure was confirmed by EFA and CFA. Good to excellent internal consistency for each subscale (attempted 0.9 and more) and for the LT-SATAQ-4 global scale (0.91) was obtained. The LT-SATAQ-4 scores had adequate concurrent validity with the measures of the body image, disordered eating, self-esteem, and body mass index. The results support the psychometric properties of the LT-SATAQ-4 and its’ use in Lithuanian student samples. The Lithuanian SATAQ-4 is a useful measure to examine the pressures to internalize appearance ideals in Lithuanian-speaking samples of young individuals.

scholarly journals Correlates of Body Image in Polish Weight Trainers

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Guszkowska ◽  
Tomasz Maziarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Ideal Body

AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to determine body image and body satisfaction in Polish adult men involved in resistance training and to investigate their relationships with objective anthropometric and training characteristics. Methods. The study included 176 males aged 18-31 years with 1-14 years resistance training experience. The Figure Rating Scale, Body Satisfaction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were administered. Results. Approximately 62% of the participants would like to be more muscular, only 29% accepted their appearance and 9% would like to be less muscular. The body selected as the personal ideal (M = 5.34) was less muscular than the body considered by the participants to be ideal by other men (normative body; M = 6.07) and was more muscular than the body thought to be most attractive to women (M = 5.10). Actual and ideal body muscularity correlated positively with age and body mass, height and BMI. Dissatisfaction with trunk and motor characteristics correlated positively with ideal body and the body considered most attractive to women as well as with the discrepancy indices between the above factors and the actual body. Conclusions. Men regularly involved in resistance training were found to strive for a muscular physique. The normative body, the physique believed to be desired by other men, was more muscular than what was considered preferential to women. However, the latter constitutes a stronger determinant of the level of body satisfaction in men engaged in resistance training.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Computerized Adaptive Assessment Tool for Discrimination and Measurement of Psychotic Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Guinart ◽  
Renato de Filippis ◽  
Stella Rosson ◽  
Bhagyashree Patil ◽  
Lara Prizgint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Testing ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Item Bank ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Measurement Efficiency

Abstract Objective Time constraints limit the use of measurement-based approaches in research and routine clinical management of psychosis. Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) can reduce administration time, thus increasing measurement efficiency. This study aimed to develop and test the capacity of the CAT-Psychosis battery, both self-administered and rater-administered, to measure the severity of psychotic symptoms and discriminate psychosis from healthy controls. Methods An item bank was developed and calibrated. Two raters administered CAT-Psychosis for inter-rater reliability (IRR). Subjects rated themselves and were retested within 7 days for test-retest reliability. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was administered for convergent validity and chart diagnosis, and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) was used to test psychosis discriminant validity. Results Development and calibration study included 649 psychotic patients. Simulations revealed a correlation of r = .92 with the total 73-item bank score, using an average of 12 items. Validation study included 160 additional patients and 40 healthy controls. CAT-Psychosis showed convergent validity (clinician: r = 0.690; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.610–0.757; self-report: r = .690; 95% CI: 0.609–0.756), IRR (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.733; 95% CI: 0.611–0.828), and test-retest reliability (clinician ICC = 0.862; 95% CI: 0.767–0.922; self-report ICC = 0.815; 95%CI: 0.741–0.871). CAT-Psychosis could discriminate psychosis from healthy controls (clinician: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.965, 95% CI: 0.945–0.984; self-report AUC = 0.850, 95% CI: 0.807–0.894). The median length of the clinician-administered assessment was 5 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 3:23–8:29 min) and 1 minute, 20 seconds (IQR: 0:57–2:09 min) for the self-report. Conclusion CAT-Psychosis can quickly and reliably assess the severity of psychosis and discriminate psychotic patients from healthy controls, creating an opportunity for frequent remote assessment and patient/population-level follow-up.

Self-Administered Instrument to Measure the Patient's Experience of Recovery After First-Episode Psychosis: Development and Validation of the Psychosis Recovery Inventory

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Y.H. Chen ◽  
Dennise K.P. Tam ◽  
Josephine W.S. Wong ◽  
C.W Law ◽  
Cindy P.Y. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objective: Patients who are recovering from a first-episode psychosis face specific and complex issues that are related to their illness and treatment experiences, such as the appraisal of the extent of their recoveryand the risk ofrelapse. Currently, no instrument provides a comprehensive assessment of these related attitudes. A novel self-administered rating scale for the measurement of key perceptions during the recovery stage after a firstepisode psychosis is presented. The Psychosis Recovery Inventory (PRI) is designed to specifically address a number of closely related issues that are faced by patients who are recovering from a first-episode psychosis. Method: The process of development of the PRI involved the generation of items from qualitative interviews, the construction and refinement of these items and a validation study. The longitudinal stability of the PRI items was assessed in a test–retest reliability study in which 20 patients completed the retest within 4 weeks. The internal consistency and convergent validity of the PRI were evaluated by a comparison of the PRI subscale scores and the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and Drug Attitude Inventory scores in a sample of 48 first-episode psychosis patients. Results: The validation study shows that the PRI is an instrument with a good test–retest reliability, internal consistency and convergent validity. Conclusions: This pragmatic, low burden, self-administered scale can be applied in clinical and research settings to obtain reliable information on the attitudes of patients on a range of interrelated issues in the recovery stage that follows a first-episode psychosis.

scholarly journals The Body Image Matrix of Thinness and Muscularity—Male Bodies: Development and validation of a new figure rating scale for body image in men

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283-1292
Author(s):  
Rike Arkenau ◽  
Silja Vocks ◽  
Christoph O. Taube ◽  
Manuel Waldorf ◽  
Andrea S. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Development And Validation

Assessment of body image: Psychometric properties of the Body Image Questionnaire

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Penelo ◽  
Paola Espinoza ◽  
Mariona Portell ◽  
Rosa M. Raich
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Body Image Questionnaire (QÜIC) in Spanish adolescents. The sample comprised 254 girls and 189 boys, aged 12–15. Principal component analyses showed that the 18 satisfaction items could be summarized using two moderately interrelated dimensions, torso and head/limbs, with satisfaction with chest/breast and genitals loading on a different factor for boys (torso) and girls (head/limbs). The QÜIC measures of body satisfaction, body problems, general physical appearance and conformity with weight and height presented satisfactory test-retest reliability, internal consistency and convergent validity. Our findings support the use of the QÜIC when assessing body image.

scholarly journals Arabic Translation, Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the 7-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in Two Community Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad N. Alhadi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alarabi ◽  
Abdulaziz T. Alshomrani ◽  
Raafat M. Shuqdar ◽  
Mohammad T. Alsuwaidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objectives: Depression is a common mental disorder, the severity of which is frequently assessed via interview-based clinical scales such as the 7-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-7). The current study aimed to translate and examine the validity of an Arabic version of the HAMD-7 scale. Methods: This study took place between February and March 2016 in the Psychiatry Department of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The HAMD-7 scale was translated into Arabic using forward and backward translation methods. A total of 153 Arabic speakers were recruited to test the translated scale, including 57 medical students and 96 members of the general public. The Arabic version of the HAMD-7 scale was completed by trained investigators during face-toface interviews with the participants. In order to assess convergent validity, participants also completed an Arabicversion of the self-assessed Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Subsequently, the test-retest reliability of the translated HAMD-7 scale was evaluated two weeks later during a second interview. Results: Overall, HAMD-7 scores were positively correlated with PHQ-9 scores (r = 0.633–0.749). Moreover, the translated HAMD-7 scale proved to be reliable in terms of test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient: 0.807; P <0.001). With regards to internal consistency, the Cronbach’s α values ranged between 0.607–0.756. Conclusion: The Arabic HAMD-7 scale was found to be reliable and valid among two samples of Arabic speakers in Saudi Arabia. However, further research among Arab-speaking patients diagnosed with depression is needed in order to establish its usefulness in assessing the severity of depressive symptoms.Keywords: Psychiatry; Depression; Psychometrics; Validity and Reliability; Translation; Questionnaire Design; Saudi Arabia.

Assessment of Obesity and Body Image Satisfaction amongst Students of AMC MET Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sheetal Vyas ◽  
Chitra Pandya ◽  
Rishita Mehta ◽  
Dhwani Mehta ◽  
Mohak Mankad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Body image satisfaction (BIS) may have an effect on body weight, which in turn contributes to healthier lifestyle practices. The present study aimed to measure the BMI of students, and to relate this to the students’ own perceptions of their body image and assessing body image satisfaction using the Stunkard figure rating scale. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 200 students selected by stratified random sampling technique. Variables that were used in the current study are perception of self-body size, ideal body size, and body size satisfaction. The assessment was carried out using the Stunkard figure rating scale. Results: Mean age of the students was 20.4 years. Mean BMI of the boys was 25.63 and of the girls was 25.09. There was a significant difference between perceived body size and body size as per BMI. Overall the girls had significantly more satisfaction with their body image as compared to boys. The body image satisfaction and BMI had positive correlation. Most of the time students thought they were thinner than they actually were, with obvious implications for health and health seeking behaviour. Conclusions: Correct perception of the body size may become the motivation to lose weight and contribute to high success rate in attaining it. A wholesome community approach is needed to change weight status perceptions and improve exercise and dietary behaviour

scholarly journals Rank-Order of Body Shapes Reveals Internal Hierarchy of Body Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Revital Naor-Ziv ◽  
Rose King ◽  
Joseph Glicksohn
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Body Shapes

How do individuals rank body shapes? Does this relate to the body part one is most dissatisfied with? Our study investigates whether one can generalize regarding how women represent the body. Three BMI-calibrated images from the Photographic Figure Rating Scale, representative of thin (BMI = 14.72), medium (BMI = 20.33), and large (BMI = 29.26) shapes, were divided into torso, legs and arms, and saved as individual images on a black background. Of 27 possible composite images, 8 were chosen based on a Torso (thin vs. large) × Leg (thin/large vs. medium) × Arm (thin vs. large) design.  Our 44 female participants ordered these from thinnest to largest. This was first according to torso, then leg, and finally arm:  41 individuals agreed on the thinnest image (thin torso, thin legs, thin arms), followed by a second image (thin torso, thin legs, large arms, n = 26; or thin torso, medium legs, thin arms, n = 10). One participant differed markedly in her choice of the first image (large torso, medium legs, thin arms). Interestingly, she scored 10 on the EDI-2 scale of Bulimic Tendencies, revealing high risk for bulimia, suggesting that our task might be useful for studying eating disorders. Our juxtaposition of two analytic procedures—partial order scalogram analysis (POSAC) and cluster analysis—enables one to uncover such outliers in a data set. Importantly, the 2D POSAC space clearly reveals the hierarchical structure of the body image.

scholarly journals Shaping Girls: Analyzing Animated Female Body Shapes

Animation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Inverted Triangle ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Body Shapes

The debate over whether television and film affect girls’ body image has been contentious. Researchers argue that film and television negatively affect, only partially affect, or do not affect girls’ body image. These studies have one common limitation: they approach animated female bodies as if they are the same because they are, mostly, thin. In this project, the author seeks to extend and complicate this existing scholarship by analyzing bodies in 67 films produced by several American animation studios from 1989 through 2016. In this study, she classifies 239 female characters as one of four body types: Hourglass, Pear, Rectangle, or Inverted Triangle. Her argument is two-fold: (1) over the last 30 years, there has been a shift from a singular dominant shape (Hourglass) to the dominance of several body shapes (especially Pear and Rectangle); and (2) young girls may be affected by characters their own age who have been largely ignored in studies thus far. The author argues that young girls see diverse images of bodies rather than the singular image that scholars study. Girls’ body image may be affected by animation, but animated images are so diverse that this effect may be difficult to determine. A more nuanced understanding of the body shapes animation utilizes may allow researchers to study the more complex messages that girls do or do not internalize.

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