Elevated moral condemnation of third-party violations in multiple sclerosis patients

Recent research has demonstrated impairments in social cognition associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present work asks whether these impairments are associated with atypical moral judgment. Specifically, we assessed whether MS patients are able to integrate information about intentions and outcomes for moral judgment (i.e., appropriateness and punishment judg- ments) in the case of third-party acts. We found a complex pattern of moral judgments in MS patients: although their moral judgments were comparable to controls’ for specific types of acts (e.g., accidental or intentional harms), they nevertheless judged behaviors to be less appropriate and endorsed more severe punishment across the board, and they were also more likely to report that others’ responses would be congruent with theirs. Further analyses suggested that elevated levels of externally oriented cognition in MS (due to co-occurring alexithymia) explain these effects. Additionally, we found that the distinction between appropriateness and punishment judgments, whereby harmful outcomes influence punishment judgments to a greater extent than appropriateness judgments, was preserved in MS despite the observed disruptions in the affective and motivational components of empathy. The current results inform the two-process model for intent-based moral judgments as well as possible strategies for improving the quality of life in MS patients.

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Elevated moral condemnation of third-party violations in multiple sclerosis patients

Social Neuroscience ◽

10.1080/17470919.2016.1175380 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 308-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Indrajeet Patil ◽

Liane Young ◽

Vladimiro Sinay ◽

Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Third Party ◽

Moral Condemnation ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients in Spain

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/1352458502ms851oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 527-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C-H Chang ◽

D Cella ◽

O Fernández ◽

G Luque ◽

P de Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: The cross-sectional study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) Spanish version and its use in measuring quality of life (QOL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Spain. Methods: The FAMS is a factorially derived self-report scale designed to assess six primary aspects of QOL of patients with MS: Mobility, Symptoms, Emotional Well-Being, General Contentment, Thinking and Fatigue, and Family/Social Well-Being. Its Spanish translated version was used to assess QOL of 625 MS patients recruited in an outpatient clinic setting from 58 hospitals in Spain. Internal consistency of the Spanish FAMS was evaluated. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors from demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in predicting FAMS scale scores. Results: Most of the patients are females (66%), and 74% were of the relapsing-remitting (RR) clinical subtype. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were high (range=0.78-0.96), indicating subscale homogeneity comparable to that of the original English version. Linear multivariate regression analyses revealed that the EDSS is a dominant variable in predicting all the FAMS subscales, especially mobility (R2=0.51) and the total scores. Conclusions: The Spanish FAMS is a psychometrically valid instrument that allows clinicians and clinical researchers the ability to measure the QOL concerns of MS patients in Spain.

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Fatigue, mood and quality of life improve in MS patients after progressive resistance training

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458509360040 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 480-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

U. Dalgas ◽

E. Stenager ◽

J. Jakobsen ◽

T. Petersen ◽

HJ Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Progressive Resistance Training ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Progressive Resistance

Fatigue occurs in the majority of multiple sclerosis patients and therapeutic possibilities are few. Fatigue, mood and quality of life were studied in patients with multiple sclerosis following progressive resistance training leading to improvement of muscular strength and functional capacity. Fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), mood (Major Depression Inventory, MDI) and quality of life (physical and mental component scores, PCS and MCS, of SF36) were scored at start, end and follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial of 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in moderately disabled (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS: 3—5.5) multiple sclerosis patients including a Control group ( n = 15) and an Exercise group ( n = 16). Fatigue (FSS > 4) was present in all patients. Scores of FSS, MDI, PCS—SF36 and MCS—SF36 were comparable at start of study in the two groups. Fatigue improved during exercise by —0.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) —1.4 to 0.4) a.u. vs. 0.1 (95% CI —0.4 to 0.6) a.u. in controls ( p = 0.04), mood improved by —2.4 (95% CI —4.1 to 0.7) a.u. vs. 1.1 (—1.2 to 3.4) a.u. in controls ( p = 0.01) and quality of life (PCS—SF36) improved by 3.5 (95% CI 1.4—5.7) a.u. vs. —1.0 (95% CI —3.4—1.4) a.u. in controls ( p = 0.01). The beneficial effect of progressive resistance training on all scores was maintained at follow-up after further 12 weeks. Fatigue, mood and quality of life all improved following progressive resistance training, the beneficial effect being maintained for at least 12 weeks after end of intervention.

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I think, therefore I forgive: The role of reasoning in forgiving accidental harms

10.31234/osf.io/8gjth ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Indrajeet Patil ◽

Bastien Trémolière

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Style ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Moral Judgments ◽

Third Party ◽

Cognitive Resources ◽

Reasoning Ability ◽

Total N ◽

Moral Condemnation

People experience a strong conflict while condemning someone who brought about an accidental harm, her innocent intention exonerating her, but the harmful outcome incriminating her. In the present research (total N = 4879), we explore how reasoning ability and cognitive style relate to how people choose to resolve this conflict and judge the accidental harms. A first set of studies (1a-c) showed that individual differences in cognitive style predicted severity of judgments in fictitious accidental harms scenarios, with more able (or willing) reasoners being less harsh in their judgments. A second set of studies (2a-c) relied on experimental manipulations of cognitive load (Dot matrix, Time pressure, Mortality Salience manipulations), aiming to tax available cognitive resources to participants while evaluating third-party harmful behaviors. These manipulations, however, failed to modulate people’s moral judgments for accidental harms. We discuss the importance of individual differences in reasoning ability in the assessment of accidental harms, and we also propose potential explanations for the failure of our experimental manipulations to affect severity of moral condemnation.

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Memory performance in multiple sclerosis patients correlates with central brain atrophy

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/1352458506ms1286oa ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 428-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

H Hildebrandt ◽

H K Hahn ◽

J A Kraus ◽

A Schulte-Herbrüggen ◽

B Schwarze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Cognitive Tests ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Central Brain ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective To assess whole brain and central brain atrophy as well as their differential relation to memory, cognitive performance, fatigue, depression and quality of life in patients with relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods A 3D flow compensated gradient recalled T1-weighted MRI was acquired in 45 RRMS patients. An automated analysis tool was used to calculate brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and ventricular brain fraction (VF). All patients were assessed with neuropsychological tests focusing on memory and self-rating scales for depression, fatigue and quality of life. Age corrected partial correlations between brain atrophy, motor performance, psychological scales and test scores were calculated. Results BPF correlated moderately (0.35≤r<0.5) with duration of symptoms and disease, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the upper extremity motor performance, and with mental aspects of quality of life. VF correlated moderately with EDSS, upper and lower extremity motor performance and memory functions. Neither BPF nor VF correlated with fatigue and depression. Results of several cognitive tests correlated moderately with depression and fatigue, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) showing the largest correlation. Conclusions Memory performance shows a correlation with relative ventricular size in RRMS patients, indicating the strategic location of the ventricle system along the structures of the limbic system and its vulnerability in MS. The PASAT and several other cognitive tests show moderate correlations with depression and fatigue, arguing for an inter relation between the cognitive functioning and the emotional state of patients. However, this relation is independent of measurable brain atrophy.

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P.5.c.001 The importance of depression and anxiety level for the functioning and life quality of multiple sclerosis patients

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(12)70598-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. S385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Ionescu ◽

S. Petrescu ◽

N. Munjev ◽

R.O. Gheorghe ◽

M.R. Stoean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Life Quality ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients with comorbid migraine

Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s10072-011-0519-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (S1) ◽

pp. 149-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Veronica Villani ◽

L. Prosperini ◽

C. Pozzilli ◽

M. Salvetti ◽

G. Sette

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Prevalence of bladder, bowel and sexual problems among multiple sclerosis patients two to five years after diagnosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458506071210 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

M W Nortvedt ◽

T Riise ◽

J Frugaård ◽

J Mohn ◽

A Bakke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Bowel Dysfunction ◽

Sexual Problems ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Bowel And Bladder Dysfunction ◽

Health Related ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Most multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience some sexual, bladder and/or bowel dysfunction during the course of the disease - one of MS most disabling features. This study estimated the frequency of these problems among patients, two to five years after diagnosis, and investigated how these problems are associated with health-related quality of life (using the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 questionnaire). The study population comprised a cohort of patients (n=56), diagnosed in a three-year period, in Hordaland County, Norway. The patients were examined clinically, including scoring of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and completed questionnaires related to bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual problems and health-related quality of life. More than half the patients had bladder and sexual problems. The frequency of self-reported bladder problems corresponded to the relatively high levels of residual urine found. The presence of these problems was associated with lower scores on the quality of life scales. Further, the bowel problems reported were markedly associated with the quality of life scores. Since treatments and preventive strategies can manage many of these problems, we suggest increasing the focus on these aspects of the disease when consulting patients, including at early stages.

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