scholarly journals Associations between financial gambling motives, gambling frequency, and level of problem gambling: A meta-analytic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassim Tabri ◽  
Silas Xuereb ◽  
Natalie Cringle ◽  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Gambling Motives ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Background and aims: Money is central to psychological definitions of gambling, but contemporary accounts are ambiguous regarding the role of financial motives in disordered gambling. The aims of the current research were to obtain meta-analytic weighted effect sizes for zero-order associations of financial motives against gambling frequency and level of problem gambling, as well as partial associations after controlling for other motives (e.g., coping). Methods: A meta-analysis of the literature through February 2021 was undertaken. Studies were identified from multiple sources (e.g., database search, other researchers). PRISMA standards were followed when screening identified records and extracting relevant data. The data analytic plan was pre-registered. We included 44 cross-sectional studies that involved student, community, and clinical samples of people who gamble (sample sizes ranged from 22 to 5,666), using validated self-report measures of financial gambling motives alongside measures of either gambling frequency and/or problem gambling. Results: Financial gambling motives were positively associated with gambling frequency, r = .29, [.21, .37], N= 22,738 and level of problem gambling, r = .35, [.31, .38], N = 38,204 with moderate effect sizes. Partial associations after controlling for overlapping variance with other gambling motives were also positive (gambling frequency: β = .14, [.05, .22], N = 3,844; level of problem gambling: β = .18, [.13, .22], N = 28,146), with small-to-moderate effect sizes. Effect sizes were heterogeneous and the extent of heterogeneity was high. Analyses of the zero-order association involving gambling frequency indicated that gambling motives measure (greater for Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial) and sample mean age (greater for younger samples) were moderators. No other moderators were statistically significant. Conclusions: Financial gambling motives appear to be reliably and positively associated with both gambling frequency and level of problem gambling.

scholarly journals Revisiting the role of financial motives in disordered gambling: A meta-analytic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassim Tabri ◽  
Silas Xuereb ◽  
Natalie Cringle ◽  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Zero Order ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Gambling Motives ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Aims: Money is central to psychological definitions of gambling, but contemporary accounts of disordered gambling are ambiguous regarding the role of financial motives for gambling. The aims of the current research were to obtain meta-analytic weighted effect sizes for zero-order associations of financial motives against disordered gambling and gambling frequency, as well as partial associations after controlling for other motives (e.g. coping). Design: A meta-analysis of the available literature through October 2019 was undertaken. Studies were identified from multiple sources (e.g., database search, consulting other researchers). PRISMA standards were followed when screening identified records and extracting relevant data. The data analytic plan was pre-registered. Setting: Cross-sectional studies that involved student, community, and clinical samples ofpeople who gamble. Participants: Forty-one studies were included with 32,997 participants from different countries. Measurements: Validated self-report measures of financial motives for gambling alongside measures of either problem gambling and/or gambling frequency. Findings: Financial motives for gambling were positively associated with both disordered gambling, r = .34, [.30, .38], p =1.04e-61, and gambling frequency, r = .29, [.20, .37], p = 1.70e-13, with moderate effect sizes. The partial associations after controlling for overlapping variance with other gambling motives were also positive (disordered gambling: β = .18, [.14, .23], p = 2.53e-15; gambling frequency: β = .16, [.08, .24], p = 9.45e-5), with small-to-moderate effect sizes. The effect sizes were heterogenous and the extent of heterogeneity was high. Moderator analyses of the zero-order association involving gambling frequency indicated that effect sizes were larger for studies that used the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial relative to studies that developed their own gambling motives measure. No further moderators were statistically significant. Conclusions: Financial motives are reliably and positively associated with both disordered gambling and gambling involvement and should be incorporated into etiological models of gambling disorder.

Changes in Mind-Wandering and Cognitive Fusion Through Mindfulness Group Therapy for Depression and Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Tomoki Kikai ◽  
Fukiko Sugiyama ◽  
Issaku Kawashima ◽  
Ayaka Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Moderate Effect

The mechanisms of efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety are not fully understood. To clarify these mechanisms, we tested the hypotheses that mind-wandering, daydreaming, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance will decrease through mindfulness group therapy, and this decrease will correlate with improvements in depression and anxiety. Participants self-reported depression and/or anxiety (N = 28) took part in an 8-week mindfulness group therapy program. They were assessed using self-report scales at pre- and post-intervention, and at 2-month follow-up. Results indicated that depression and trait-anxiety decreased between pre- and post-intervention with moderate effect sizes, which were maintained at follow-up. Mind-wandering and cognitive fusion also decreased between pre- and post-intervention with small to moderate effect sizes, and maintained at follow-up. The decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion moderately correlated with improvements in depression and anxiety, suggesting that decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion might underlie efficacious mechanisms of mindfulness group therapy.

Arthritis self-efficacy beliefs and functioning among osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients: a meta-analytic review

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Jackson ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Abstract Objectives The Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) is a widely used self-report measure of beliefs reflecting confidence in one’s capacity to function despite pain and control pain or other symptoms of arthritis. Despite evidence linking higher ASES scores to lower levels of impairment, pain and emotional distress, numerous modest, non-significant associations have also been observed. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated overall associations between ASES scores and adjustment in RA and OA samples as well as potential moderators that may explain the heterogeneity in these associations. Method Data from 48 samples that met all 10 inclusion criteria (N = 9222 patients) were subject to analyses. Results ASES scores had significant medium average effect sizes with functional impairment, pain severity and emotional distress but substantial heterogeneity was evident for each association. ASES–impairment associations were moderated by the diagnosis, ASES version and ASES subscale content: significantly larger effect sizes were found for studies that included RA patients, used the original 20-item ASES and assessed subscale content reflecting the pursuit of daily activities despite pain (i.e. functional self-efficacy) than for studies based exclusively on OA patients, the eight-item ASES and ASES pain control and other symptom subscales. Relations of ASES scores with pain severity and emotional distress were moderated by ASES version and subscale content, respectively. Conclusion The ASES has significant overall associations with key areas of functioning. Moderator analyses of the measure provide empirically grounded suggestions for optimal use of the ASES within OA and RA patient samples.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SEEKING AND EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-823
Author(s):  
Scott Wakeling ◽  
Arthur A. Stukas ◽  
Bradley J. Wright ◽  
Lynette Evans
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Moderate Effect

Introduction: Negative feedback seeking and excessive reassurance seeking behaviors in interpersonal relationships have been shown to frequently occur in conjunction with levels of depression. Method: We used meta-analysis to examine 102 studies (134 effects), relating depression with negative feedback seeking (k = 31) and/or excessive reassurance seeking (k = 103). Results: Depression had positive, moderate effect sizes with both negative feedback seeking (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) and excessive reassurance seeking (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect size for negative feedback seeking was smaller in romantic relationships compared to other relationship types. Effect sizes for excessive reassurance seeking did not differ for romantic and other relationships but were smaller in romantic relationships of a longer duration. Participant gender and symptom severity did not moderate effect sizes. Studies with child and adolescent samples had larger effects for negative feedback seeking and smaller effects for excessive reassurance seeking, relative to adult samples. Discussion: Longer closer relationships may protect against maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in individuals with depression.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110314
Author(s):  
Laura Orlando ◽  
Katarina A Savel ◽  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
Marlena Colasanto ◽  
Daphne J Korczak
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional

Context: Studies of child and adolescent internalizing symptoms and dietary pattern have produced mixed results. Objectives: To quantify the association between dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms, including depression, in children and adolescents. Data sources: Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane up to March 2021. Study selection: Observational studies and randomized controlled trials with mean age ⩽ 18 years, reporting associations between diet patterns and internalizing symptoms. Data extraction: Mean effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were determined under a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-six studies were cross-sectional, 12 were prospective, and 1 used a case-control design. The total number of participants enrolled ranged from 73,726 to 116,546. Healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with internalizing ( r = –0.07, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [–0.12, 0.06]) and depressive symptoms ( r = –0.10, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [–0.18, –0.08]). Effect sizes were larger for studies of healthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures, as well as in cross-sectional studies of healthy dietary patterns and depression compared to prospective studies. Unhealthy dietary patterns were positively associated with internalizing ( r = 0.09, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.14]) and depressive symptoms ( r = 0.10, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.05, 0.17]). Larger effect sizes were observed for studies of unhealthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures. Limitations: A lack of studies including clinical samples and/or physician diagnosis, and a paucity of studies in which anxiety symptoms were the primary mental health outcome. Conclusion: Greater depression and internalizing symptoms are associated with greater unhealthy dietary patterns and with lower healthy dietary intake among children and adolescents.

Intra-Individual Subtest Variability on the Dutch Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children—Revised (WISC–RNL) for Children with Learning Disabilities, Psychiatric Disorders, and Epilepsy

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 995-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta van Iterson ◽  
Alan S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Score Range ◽  
Performance Scale

It is common practice to look at disparities among subtest scores (“scatter”) on an intelligence test to establish if a score is deviant. However, it remains unclear whether subtest scatter reflects primarily normal variation within individuals or is clinically meaningful. The present study explored this issue based on data from 467 children with developmental disabilities tested on the Dutch WISC–RNL. Of these children, 132 had learning disabilities, 178 had psychiatric disorders, and 157 had epilepsy. Subtest scatter was defined as scaled-score range (highest minus lowest scaled score). When contrasted with “normal scatter,” the overall sample revealed higher ranges on the Performance Scale and Full Scale, although effect sizes were small. Analysis of the data for the three separate clinical samples revealed unusual scatter only for the sample of children with psychiatric disorders. When comparing the clinical samples, scaled-score range was larger for the sample of children with psychiatric disorders than for those with epilepsy. Two distinct subsamples revealed elevated ranges with moderate effect sizes: children with autistic spectrum disorders and children with left hemisphere seizures. These results suggest that elevated subtest scaled-score range might characterize specific clinical samples rather than denoting an overall sign of pathology.

Emotional Reactivity in Borderline Personality Disorder: Theoretical Considerations Based on a Meta-Analytic Review of Laboratory Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Bortolla ◽  
Marco Cavicchioli ◽  
Andrea Fossati ◽  
Cesare Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Physiological Outcomes

Emotional hyperreactivity (Linehan, 1993) is the most investigated construct in borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, experimental studies revealed mixed results on the topic. Our main objective is to comprehensively summarize the results on emotional reactivity in BPD compared to healthy controls (HCs), using a meta-analytic approach, considering different emotional response systems (physiology, behavior, self-report). We included 31 experimental studies (1,675 subjects). We observed null to small effect sizes for several physiological and behavioral outcomes. Conversely, BPD subjects revealed a moderate to large difference in valence attributed to emotional stimuli and a small difference in self-reported arousal. Significant differences in pooled effect sizes were found between self-report and physiological outcomes. Several sources of heterogeneity were explored. In general, the hyperreactivity hypothesis was not supported. Additional dysfunctional processes should be taken into consideration to understand BPD emotional responsiveness.

Modelling a Multi-Dimensional Model of Memory Performance in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multi-Level Meta-Analytic Review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Persson ◽  
Alan Yates ◽  
Klaus Kessler ◽  
Ben Harkin
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Multi Level

Even though memory performance is a commonly researched aspect of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a coherent and unified explanation of the role of specific cognitive factors has remained elusive. To address this, the present meta-analysis examined the predictive validity of Harkin and Kessler’s (2011) Executive Function (E), Binding Complexity (B) and Memory Load (L) Classification System with regards to affected vs. unaffected memory performance in OCD. We employed a multi-level meta-analytic approach (Viechtbauer, 2010) to accommodate the interdependent nature of the EBL model and interdependency of effect sizes (305 effect sizes from 144 studies, including 4424 OCD patients). Results revealed that the EBL model predicted memory performance, i.e., as EBL demand increases, those with OCD performed progressively worse on memory tasks. Executive function was the driving mechanism behind the EBL’s impact on OCD memory performance and negated effect size differences between visual and verbal tasks in those with OCD. Comparisons of sub-task effect sizes were also generally in accord with the cognitive parameters of the EBL taxonomy. We conclude that standardised coding of tasks along individual cognitive dimensions and multi-level meta-analyses provides a new approach to examine multi-dimensional models of memory and cognitive performance in OCD and other disorders.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Substance-Using Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny S. Kim ◽  
Jody Brook ◽  
Becci A. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Solution Focused Brief Therapy ◽  
Solution Focused

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention on substance abuse and trauma-related problems. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SFBT in primary substance use treatment services for child welfare involved parents in outpatient treatment for substance use disorders. Mixed linear models were used to test within- and between-group changes using intent-to-treat analysis ( N = 64). Hedges’s g effect sizes were also calculated to examine magnitude of treatment effects. Results: Both groups decreased on the Addiction Severity Index-Self-Report and the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. The between group effect sizes were not statistically significant on either measures, thus SFBT produced similar results as the research supported treatments the control group received. Conclusion: Results support the use of SFBT in treating substance use and trauma and provide an alternative approach that is more strengths based and less problem focused.

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