scholarly journals Lower emotional awareness is associated with greater early adversity and faster life history strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Horst Dieter Steklis ◽  
Netzin Steklis ◽  
Karen Weihs ◽  
John JB Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Recent Theoretical Work ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Reflective Cognition ◽  
The Relationship

Recent theoretical work suggests that emotional awareness (EA) depends on the harshness/predictability of early social interactions – and that low EA may actually be adaptive in harsh environments that lack predictable interpersonal interactions. In evolutionary psychology, this process of psychological “calibration” to early environments corresponds to life history strategy (LHS). In this paper, we tested the relationship between EA and LHS in 177 (40 male) individuals who completed the levels of emotional awareness scale (LEAS), Arizona Life History Battery (short form: K-SF-42), and two measures of early abuse/neglect. Significantly lower EA was observed in those with faster LHS and who had experienced greater early adversity. Notably, LEAS was associated with differences in 1) general reflective cognition, and 2) emotional support from parents during childhood. This suggests that EA may be learned during development based on the benefits of cognitive reflection in environments with different levels of harshness and social predictability.

scholarly journals Reproductive Strategy and Sexual Conflict Slow Life History Strategy Inihibts Negative Androcentrism

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Gladden ◽  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
D. J. Andrejzak ◽  
Dan Nelson Jones ◽  
Vanessa Smith-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Life History ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Generative Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Recent findings indicate that a slow Life History (LH) strategy factor is associated with increased levels of Executive Functioning (EF), increased emotional intelligence, decreased levels of sexually coercive behaviors, and decreased levels of negative ethnocentrism. Based on these findings, as well as the generative theory, we predicted that slow LH strategy should inhibit negative androcentrism (bias against women). A sample of undergraduates responded to a battery of questionnaires measuring various facets of their LH Strategy, (e.g., sociosexual orientation, mating effort, mate-value, psychopathy, executive functioning, and emotional intelligence) and various convergent measures of Negative Androcentrism. A structural model that the data fit well indicated a latent protective LH strategy trait predicted decreased negative androcentrism. This trait fully mediated the relationship between participant biological sex and androcentrism. We suggest that slow LH strategy may inhibit negative attitudes toward women because of relatively decreased intrasexual competition and intersexual conflict among slow LH strategists. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i1_gladden

The Relationship Between Electron-Only Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence in Earth’s Magnetosheath

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia E. Stawarz ◽  
Jonathan P. Eastwood ◽  
Tai Phan ◽  
Imogen L. Gingell ◽  
Alfred Mallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Current Sheets ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Recent Theoretical Work ◽  
Magnetospheric Multiscale ◽  
Scale Turbulence ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The Earth’s magnetosheath is filled with small-scale current sheets arising from turbulent dynamics in the plasma. Previous observations and simulations have provided evidence that such current sheets can be sites for magnetic reconnection. Recently, observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission have revealed that a novel form of “electron-only” reconnection can occur at these small-scale, turbulence-driven current sheets, in which ions do not appear to couple to the reconnected magnetic field to form ion jets. The presence of electron-only reconnection may facilitate dissipation of the turbulence, thereby influencing the partition of energy between ions and electrons, and can alter the nonlinear dynamics of the turbulence itself. In this study, we perform a survey of turbulent intervals in the Earth’s magnetosheath as observed by MMS in order to determine how common magnetic reconnection is in the turbulent magnetosheath and how it impacts the small-scale turbulent dynamics. The magnetic correlation length, which dictates the length of the turbulent current sheets, is short enough in most of the examined intervals for reconnection with reduced or absent ion jets to occur. Magnetic reconnection is found to be a common feature within these intervals, with a significant fraction of reconnecting current sheets showing evidence of sub-Alfvénic ion jets and super- Alfvénic electron jets, consistent with electron-only reconnection. Moreover, a subset of the intervals exhibit changes in the behavior of the small-scale magnetic power spectra, which may be related to the reconnecting current sheets. The results of the survey are compared with recent theoretical work on electron-only reconnection in turbulent plasmas.</p>

scholarly journals Life History Strategy and Overeating During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Moderated Mediation Model of Sense of Control and Coronavirus Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojuan Ye ◽  
Ruining Wang ◽  
Mingfan Liu ◽  
Xinqiang Wang ◽  
Qiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: This study examined the mediating effect of sense of control and the moderating effect of coronavirus stress on the relationship between life history strategy and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 period. Methods: Thirty-three hundred and ten Chinese students (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.50; 47% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding life history strategy, sense of control, overeating, and coronavirus stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. Results: The results revealed that control sense mediated the link between life history strategy and college students’ overeating. College students’ coronavirus stress moderated the associations between life history strategy and college students’ sense of control and between control sense and overeating. The association between life history strategy and sense of control was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress, and the association between sense of control and overeating was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress. Conclusions: This study identified the critical factors associated with overeating; it supplies empirical support for existing theories and provides practical implications for interventions aiming to decrease Chinese college students’ overeating during COVID-19 period.

scholarly journals Life-history dynamics: damping time, demographic dispersion and generation time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Harman Jaggi ◽  
Wenyun Zuo ◽  
Madan K. Oli ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTransient dynamics are crucial for understanding ecological and life-history dynamics. In this study, we analyze damping time, the time taken by a population to converge to a stable (st)age structure following a perturbation, for over 600 species of animals and plants. We expected damping time to be associated with both generation time Tc and demographic dispersion σ based on previous theoretical work. Surprisingly, we find that damping time (calculated from the population projection matrix) is approximately proportional to Tc across taxa on the log-log scale, regardless of σ. The result suggests that species at the slow end of fast-slow continuum (characterized with long generation time, late maturity, low fecundity) are more vulnerable to external disturbances as they take more time to recover compared to species with fast life-histories. The finding on damping time led us to next examine the relationship between generation time and demographic dispersion. Our result reveals that the two life-history variables are positively correlated on a log-log scale across taxa, implying long generation time promotes demographic dispersion in reproductive events. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of metabolic theory and contribute to existing allometric scaling relationships.

scholarly journals Reproductive Strategy and Sexual Conflict Slow Life History Strategy Inihibts Negative Androcentrism

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Gladden ◽  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
D. J. Andrejzak ◽  
Dan Nelson Jones ◽  
Vanessa Smith-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Life History ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Generative Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Recent findings indicate that a slow Life History (LH) strategy factor is associated with increased levels of Executive Functioning (EF), increased emotional intelligence, decreased levels of sexually coercive behaviors, and decreased levels of negative ethnocentrism. Based on these findings, as well as the generative theory, we predicted that slow LH strategy should inhibit negative androcentrism (bias against women). A sample of undergraduates responded to a battery of questionnaires measuring various facets of their LH Strategy, (e.g., sociosexual orientation, mating effort, mate-value, psychopathy, executive functioning, and emotional intelligence) and various convergent measures of Negative Androcentrism. A structural model that the data fit well indicated a latent protective LH strategy trait predicted decreased negative androcentrism. This trait fully mediated the relationship between participant biological sex and androcentrism. We suggest that slow LH strategy may inhibit negative attitudes toward women because of relatively decreased intrasexual competition and intersexual conflict among slow LH strategists. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i1_gladden

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Family Functioning of Individuals with Drug Addiction and Relapse Tendency: A Moderated Mediation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Zeng ◽  
Chuyi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drug Relapse

To explore the relationship between family functioning, psychological capital, life history strategy, and relapse tendency of individuals with drug addiction, 842 individuals with drug addiction completed a questionnaire. The results showed that (1) there was a significant negative correlation between the family functioning of individuals with drug addiction and their relapse tendency; (2) psychological capital played an intermediary role between family functioning and relapse tendency; and (3) life history strategy regulated the mediating effect of psychological capital. The results of this study suggest that family members should collaborate with drug addiction treatment centers and participate in the education and treatment process to help reduce drug relapse tendency. Increasing the psychological capital and self-efficacy of individuals with drug addiction through group psychological counseling and psychological education courses could also reduce drug relapse tendency.

Variation in Women’s Mate Preferences Over the Development of a Monogamous Relationship Corresponds with Changes in Men’s Life History Strategy (Author's Accepted Version)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Owens ◽  
Helen Driscoll ◽  
Daniel Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Monogamous Relationship ◽  
Parenting Effort ◽  
The Relationship

Much research has examined how men’s mating strategies change over the development of a relationship consistent with predictions from Life History Theory. Specifically, research shows both physiological and behavioural indicators of mating effort decrease once men are mated, and further once they become fathers, unless they remain engaged in mating effort. This switch from mating to parenting effort is sexually selected, and therefore the corresponding shifts in women should be examined, though to date, women’s short- or long-term mate preferences have been studied as separate entities rather than as a transition from short- to long- term. We examined how women’s mate preferences changed over the development of a relationship, to see if they varied consistently with what is known about variation in men’s mating effort. Vignettes detailed four key milestones in the development of a relationship and women rated the importance of the man at each stage displaying indicators of mating or parenting effort. Women increasingly prioritised indicators of parenting effort in men as the relationship developed, consistent with what is known about men’s reduction in mating effort in favour of parenting effort over the development of a relationship. The results support predictions from Life History Theory and highlight the interacting mutually reinforcing nature of sexually selected behaviours.

scholarly journals Clarifying the relationship between alexithymia and subjective interoception

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261126
Author(s):  
Giulia Gaggero ◽  
Andrea Bizzego ◽  
Sara Dellantonio ◽  
Luigi Pastore ◽  
Mengyu Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personality Construct ◽  
The U.S

The long-standing hypothesis that emotions rely on bodily states is back in the spotlight. This has led some researchers to suggest that alexithymia, a personality construct characterized by altered emotional awareness, reflects a general deficit in interoception. However, tests of this hypothesis have relied on heterogeneous assessment methods, leading to inconsistent results. To shed some light on this issue, we administered a battery of self-report questionnaires of interoception and alexithymia to three samples from Italy, the U.S., and Singapore (N = 814). Correlation and machine learning analyses showed that alexithymia was associated with deficits in both subjective interoceptive accuracy and attention. Alexithymics’ interoceptive deficits were primarily related to difficulty identifying and describing feelings. Interoception showed a weaker association with externally-oriented thinking as operationalized by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and no association with the affective dimension of alexithymia later introduced by the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ). We discuss our results with reference to the theoretical and psychometric differences between these two measures of alexithymia and their shortcomings. Overall, our results support the view that interoceptive deficits are a core component of alexithymia, although the latter cannot be reduced to the former.

Human life history

2015 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Role

Human life-history patterns are characterized by slow maturation, long parental dependency, longevity, and low number of offspring. These developmental peculiarities determine the amount of parental investment in offspring and mating effort, and assign an adaptive role to postmenopausal women. Hence evolution has produced specific adaptations pertaining to the relationship of human infants with their primary caregivers, subsumed under the term ‘attachment’. The way attachment patterns or ‘styles’ develop during early infancy coin the child’s view of the world in terms of the emotional availability and trustworthiness of others. Harsh environmental conditions during infancy promote insecure attachment styles and a ‘faster’ life-history strategy, including earlier sexual maturation and sexual activity and less parental investment in own offspring. The opposite is more likely to emerge when children grow up in secure conditions with responsive and emotionally available caregivers. These developmental trajectories have profound implications for social interaction and stress-regulation abilities.

Apologies Promote Forgiveness and Restore Cooperation by Increasing Perceived Relationship Value

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Eric Forster ◽  
Michelle Russell ◽  
Joseph Billingsley ◽  
Jeni Burnette ◽  
Robert Kurzban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Theoretical Work ◽  
Relationship Value ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Relationship

What happens in the human mind when someone forgives? Recent theoretical work predicts that the psychological mechanisms underlying forgiveness consult the victim’s perceptions of the transgressor’s relationship value and exploitation risk, and that apologies influence forgiveness by changing these perceptions. To date, however, there has been no direct empirical evidence showing that apologies influence forgiveness via perceptions of relationship value and exploitation risk. To address this research gap, we conducted three experiments. In Experiments 1 (N = 1,887) and 2 (a near-direct replication of Experiment 1; N = 421), we found mediational evidence that the influence of apologies on forgiveness may be due to the indirect effects of apologies on victims’ perceptions of the transgressor’s relationship value. In Experiment 3 (N = 971), we tested the causal effect of relationship value on forgiveness more directly by experimentally manipulating participants’ emotional closeness toward the transgressor. We found that experimentally induced closeness boosted forgiveness primarily by causing victims to retain their valuation of the relationship following the transgression. We discuss the theoretical applications of the finding that apologies improve forgiveness via an increase in evaluations of relationship value.

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