scholarly journals Attention To People Like You: A Proposal Regarding Neuroendocrine Effects on Linguistic Variation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Marie Ackerman ◽  
Míša (Michaela) Hejná
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Learning Patterns ◽  
Variable Duration ◽  
Symbolic Domination ◽  
The One

Although the literature on language change has often replicated and discussed a pattern inwhich female speakers lead in changes that occur below the level of awareness, there is noconsensus on why this pattern should arise. Two major suggestions have been put forward.On the one hand, Labov (1990) has proposed that a possible explanation may be due tocaregiver asymmetries during childhood, with women being frequently the primarycaregivers in the relevant communities. On the other hand, Eckert (2011) has suggested thatwomen are more likely to engage in ‘social engineering’ and symbolic domination than men,due to the setup of the gender roles in their communities, which makes them more likely to belinguistic innovators. Interestingly, recent findings in endocrinology show that differences inprenatal testosterone exposure can impact learning patterns. In the light of these findings, wefirst present preliminary results consistent with the hypothesis that a biological factor,prenatal exposure to androgens, can have a continuous effect on linguistic variation, namelythe variable duration of preaspiration before voiceless obstruents in Tyneside English. This isin line with findings related to f 0 reported by Ferdezi et al. (2011). Second, we propose anexplanatory model in which the biological factor – prenatal testosterone exposure – createssubtle bias in how speakers learn linguistic variants, and suggest that some reported sexeffects are derivative. This model is compatible with the fact that it is most often females wholead in language change from below, but can also account for situations in which males mightlead a change (Labov 1990: 206).

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Applicative Constructions ◽  
The One ◽  
Chinese And English

This chapter summarizes the major points developed throughout the book. The theoretical points of the syntax of events proposed in Chapter 2 are listed. The conclusions on the syntax of English and Chinese resultatives, applicative constructions in various languages, and Chinese non-canonical object and motion event constructions are presented, together with the implications for the verb/satellite-framed typology. The explanation of diachronic change and cross-linguistic variation is summarized, including both the historical development of Chinese resultatives, the variation of resultatives between Chinese and English on the one hand, and English and Romance on the other hand. The Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis is also summarized.

The foundations and prerequisites of imagology

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Valerii P. Trykov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Engineering ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The West ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Eu Project

The article examines the conceptual foundations and scientific, sociocultural and philosophical prerequisites of imagology, the field of interdisciplinary research in humanitaristics, the subject of which is the image of the “Other” (foreign country, people, culture, etc.). It is shown that the imagology appeared as a response to the crisis of comparatives of the mid-20th century, with a special role in the formation of its methodology played by the German comparatist scientist H. Dyserinck and his Aachen School. The article analyzes the influence on the formation of the imagology of post-structuralist and constructivist ideological-thematic complex (auto-reference of language, discursive history, construction of social reality, etc.), linguistic and cultural turn in the West in the 1960s. Shown is that, extrapolated to national issues, this set of ideas and approaches has led to a transition from the essentialist concept of the nation to the concept of a nation as an “imaginary community” or an intellectual construct. A fundamental difference in approaches to the study of an image of the “Other” in traditional comparativism and imagology, which arises from a different understanding of the nation, has been distinguished. It is concluded that the imagology studies the image of the “Other” primarily in its manipulative, socio-ideological function, i.e., as an important tool for the formation and transformation of national and cultural identity. The article identifies ideological, socio-political factors that prepared the birth of the imagology and ensured its development in western Humanities (fear of possible recurrences of extreme nationalism and fascism in post-war Europe, the EU project, which set the task of forming a pan-European identity). It is concluded that the imagology, on the one hand, has actualized an important field of scientific research — the study of the image of the “Other”, but, on the other hand, in the broader cultural and historical perspective, marked a departure not only from the traditions of comparativism and historical poetics, but also from the humanist tradition of the European culture, becoming part of a manipulative dominant strategy in the West. To the culture of “incorporation” into a “foreign word” in order to understand it, preserve it and to ensure a genuine dialogue of cultures, the imagology has contrasted the social engineering and the technology of active “designing” a new identity.

The Introduction and Extension of the -st Ending in Old High German

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Somers
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Formal Analogy ◽  
The One

This article seeks to explain the synchronic variation found in the second person singular inflectional ending (attested both as -s and -st) in the Old High German Evangelienbuch, while at the same time pro-viding a diachronic account of the introduction and extension of the -st ending in German. In order to achieve these goals, in my analysis I rely on the notions of cliticization and formal analogy, arguing that the innovative and original endings correlate with different syntactic environments (V1/V2 versus Vfinal), on the one hand, and different formal shapes (is versus ôs/ês), on the other. After presenting an account of the development of -st in OHG, I draw conclusions regarding the broader question of how clitics become (part of) inflection, a discussion which in turn has implications for the theories scholars use to describe and explain language change, specifically that of grammaticalization.*

Regulatory law: some lessons from the past

Legal Studies ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ogus
Keyword(s):  
Social Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
Regulatory Law ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Regulation as a legal form of social engineering has been subjected to much analysis in the last decade or so. The importance of the topic to contemporary law cannot be overstated: on the one hand, it has been the avowed aim of government to ‘deregulate’ industry; on the other hand, and paradoxically, both the concomitant policy of privatisation and the evolution towards a Single European Market have increased the need for regulation in appropriate areas. The efforts to explore the strengths and weaknesses of different regulatory forms have brought together scholars from a wide range of disciplines. Administrative lawyers have been concerned with how the power of decision-making is allocated between institutions and the general problems of accountability and control of discretion to which this gives rise. Socio-legal researchers have critically examined the practices of regulatory agencies as regards rule formulation and enforcement.

Latin vulgaire, latin familier

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Vojin Nedeljković
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The author examines the scope and interrelation of two traditional notions concerning non-literary Latin: sermo uulgaris, or plebeius, and sermo familiaris, or cotidianus. While these are really disparate terms, the one designating a sociolect and the other a language register, the author maintains that the old confusion between Colloquial and Vulgar Latin is not merely due to flawed reasoning within an insufficient model of linguistic variation, but rather reflects a fundamental development that took place in the social history of Latin.

Indigenous Students’ Geographies on the Academic Fortress Campus: Palestinian Students’ Spatial Experiences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-145
Author(s):  
Yara Sa'di-Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Contested Space ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Symbolic Domination ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
The One

This article addresses an under-studied phenomenon in the lived experience of Palestinian students in Israeli universities as seen from a spatial perspective. Specifically, it analyses the everyday spatial experiences of Palestinian students on the Mount Scopus Campus of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Situated in a contested space amid Palestinian villages, the campus's architecture and prominent location are intended to project power and symbolic domination over the surrounding Arab environment. The study analyses the narratives of fifteen Palestinian students from this campus, underscoring the dialectical relations between their feelings of alienation and estrangement, on the one hand, and practices of resistance and subversion on campus, on the other. Moreover, the analysis reveals how, through their daily spatial behaviours, Palestinian students challenge the settler-colonial landscape-production that the Israeli authorities attempt to impose.

Geschlechterrollen und Homosexualität im Alten Testament

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Martin Leuenberger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Explicit Statement ◽  
The One

Abstract After a few hermeneutical preliminaries reflecting on how to perceive ›homosexuality‹ appropriately in ancient contexts within the framework of gender roles, the exegetic contribution first casts an iconographic glance at two Ancient Near Eastern images. This background then helps to sharpen the contours of prominent OT texts: On the one hand, the narrative creation texts in Gen 1-3 elaborate two distinct models of human gender roles, both of which should be understood as fundamental anthropological and theological constructions and conceptualizations. On the other hand, it becomes clear that the only explicit statement on sexual intercourse between two men in Lev 18:22/20:13 represents a prescriptive parenesis seeking to ensure the transgenerational survival of the threatened Yahweh-community in the Persian province of Yehud. In both instances, the contexts and pragmatics of the texts are essential when asking about possible implications for understanding ›homosexuality‹.

scholarly journals Dragon-slayers and Jealous Rats: The Gendered Self in Contemporary Self-help Manuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hazleden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
Selection Of

This article traces two broad discourses concerning gender in a selection of relationship manuals from 1974 to 2004. On the one hand are manuals promoting traditional gender roles, and on the other are those that promote financial and emotional independence for women. In contrast to other analyses, I argue that these approaches cannot be categorised into a simplistic dichotomy of ‘feminist’ and ‘patriarchal,’ but that they are better understood as being bound up with conservative and liberal discourses of the self. I further demonstrate that these approaches both assume and require types of self that are somewhat removed from their historical antecedents and should be understood as neo variants.

scholarly journals Gendered Nationalism, Neo-Nomadism, and Ethnic-Based Exclusivity in Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Uzbek Nationalist Discourses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Fabio Belafatti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Gender And Nationalism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Existing literature on gender and nationalism has postulated that nationalist narratives tend to convey patriarchal and restrictive views of gender roles, with women’s domesticity and subordination at the core of such interpretations. This paper tests this theory by looking at three examples of state-sponsored or state-produced communication in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, arguing that the simple existence of a regime’s nationalist ideological orientation is not per se sufficient to explain or anticipate the kind of gender narratives a regime will adopt. Instead, the paper calls for an analysis of internal political mechanisms and incentives in order to explain and anticipate the specific forms that discourses around gender will take in a given political environment. In order to do so, it tries to combine the rational choice-based “Selectorate Theory” (Bueno de Mesquita et al., 2003) with existing literature on nationalism and gender, to define a connection between political systems on the one hand and discourses on the other.

scholarly journals Eclectic Revolution: Illusory Femininity and Two-Fold Mimicry in Gertrude Stein’s Three Lives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Rodríguez Salas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Feminine Identity ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The One ◽  
Three Lives

In the present paper we discuss Gertrude Stein’s in-between position in the literary canon by alluding to her eclectic literary revolution. On the one hand, she is excluded from the patriarchal canon due to her disruptive style. On the other, she postulates a milder kind of revolution, in line with Luce Irigaray’s tenets, which implies a conscious reproduction of a constructed “femininity” in women (as opposed to the non-strategic and unconscious imitation of traditional gender roles) that finally unmasks the illusive character of a distinctive feminine identity. In her opinion, everything is a construct of the pervasive patriarchal model, where women reproduce an individuality taylored for them rather than their essential identity that is also ultimately questioned.

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