scholarly journals Subliminal temporal integration of linguistic information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Min Hung ◽  
Po-Jang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Interocular Suppression ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Whether unconscious complex information integration occurs over time remains largely unknown and highly controversial. To directly examine the possibility, we introduced a novel interocular suppression where the suppressor and suppressed are presented intermittently. Such paradigm allowed us to insert a word in each suppression and over time deliver sentence level information unconsciously. We found that subsequent to a subliminal context, participants responded faster to a syntactically incongruent target word in a lexical decision task. This finding was later replicated in a separate experiment where participants exhibited chance rate localization of the prime word. Such effect disappeared when the context was disrupted by presenting only partial sentence or with reversed word order, showing that the effect was not merely driven by word-word association. These findings indicate that linguistic information could integrate over time under interocular suppression, serving as critical evidence supporting unconscious high-level, complex information integration.

Affective calculus: The construction of affect through information integration over time.

Emotion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkin Asutay ◽  
Alexander Genevsky ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
J. Paul Hamilton ◽  
Paul Slovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Enhancing main fermentation velocities in beer by the use of a membrane bioreactor – approach and preliminary results (membrane bioreactor beer)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Stumpf ◽  
Stefan Schildbach
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

The potential of the most recent membrane technology is still unaccounted for in many respects. Combining fermentation with up-to-date membrane technology building a membrane bioreactor allows the adjustment of the cell count on a high level, increasing yield per volume and time. Applied to beer manufacturing, main fermentation times of less than 20 h seem possible, avoiding the disadvantages of already known accelerated fermentation processes operated on a continuous basis. Although module design was adapted and backwash procedure altered to gas-jet, maintaining a sufficient membrane flux over time still poses a major problem. Nevertheless, preliminary results in respect of beer quality look promising.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of Hyperacusis Accelerates With Tinnitus Burden Over Time and Requires Medical Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Refat ◽  
Jakob Wertz ◽  
Pauline Hinrichs ◽  
Uwe Klose ◽  
Hesham Samy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Causal Therapy ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Neural Gain ◽  
Over Time

Although tinnitus represents a major global burden, no causal therapy has yet been established. Ongoing controversies about the neuronal pathophysiology of tinnitus hamper efforts in developing advanced therapies. Hypothesizing that the unnoticed co-occurrence of hyperacusis and differences in the duration of tinnitus may possibly differentially influence the neural correlate of tinnitus, we analyzed 33 tinnitus patients without (T-group) and 20 tinnitus patients with hyperacusis (TH-group). We found crucial differences between the T-group and the TH-group in the increase of annoyance, complaints, tinnitus loudness, and central neural gain as a function of tinnitus duration. Hearing thresholds did not differ between T-group and TH-group. In the TH-group, the tinnitus complaints (total tinnitus score) were significantly greater from early on and the tinnitus intensity distinctly increased over time from ca. 12 to 17 dB when tinnitus persisted more than 5 years, while annoyance responses to normal sound remained nearly constant. In contrast, in the T-group tinnitus complaints remained constant, although the tinnitus intensity declined over time from ca. 27 down to 15 dB beyond 5 years of tinnitus persistence. This was explained through a gradually increased annoyance to normal sound over time, shown by a hyperacusis questionnaire. Parallel a shift from a mainly unilateral (only 17% bilateral) to a completely bilateral (100%) tinnitus percept occurred in the T-group, while bilateral tinnitus dominated in the TH-group from the start (75%). Over time in the T-group, ABR wave V amplitudes (and V/I ratios) remained reduced and delayed. By contrast, in the TH-group especially the ABR wave III and V (and III/I ratio) continued to be enhanced and shortened in response to high-level sound stimuli. Interestingly, in line with signs of an increased co-occurrence of hyperacusis in the T-group over time, ABR wave III also slightly increased in the T-group. The findings disclose an undiagnosed co-occurrence of hyperacusis in tinnitus patients as a main cause of distress and the cause of complaints about tinnitus over time. To achieve urgently needed and personalized therapies, possibly using the objective tools offered here, a systematic sub-classification of tinnitus and the co-occurrence of hyperacusis is recommended.

scholarly journals Parallel Constraint Satisfaction in Memory-Based Decisions

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Glöckner ◽  
Sara D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Decision Strategies ◽  
Simple Heuristics ◽  
Decision Times

Three studies sought to investigate decision strategies in memory-based decisions and to test the predictions of the parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) model for decision making (Glöckner & Betsch, 2008). Time pressure was manipulated and the model was compared against simple heuristics (take the best and equal weight) and a weighted additive strategy. From PCS we predicted that fast intuitive decision making is based on compensatory information integration and that decision time increases and confidence decreases with increasing inconsistency in the decision task. In line with these predictions we observed a predominant usage of compensatory strategies under all time-pressure conditions and even with decision times as short as 1.7 s. For a substantial number of participants, choices and decision times were best explained by PCS, but there was also evidence for use of simple heuristics. The time-pressure manipulation did not significantly affect decision strategies. Overall, the results highlight intuitive, automatic processes in decision making and support the idea that human information-processing capabilities are less severely bounded than often assumed.

scholarly journals Sequence Braiding: Visual Overviews of Temporal Event Sequences and Attributes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Sheng ◽  
Cody Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Sentinel Events ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Temporal Event Sequences

Temporal event sequence alignment has been used in many domains to visualize nuanced changes and interactions over time. Existing approaches align one or two sentinel events. Overview tasks require examining all alignments of interest using interaction and time or juxtaposition of many visualizations. Furthermore, any event attribute overviews are not closely tied to sequence visualizations. We present SEQUENCE BRAIDING, a novel overview visualization for temporal event sequences and attributes using a layered directed acyclic network.SEQUENCE BRAIDING visually aligns many temporal events and attribute groups simultaneously and supports arbitrary ordering, absence, and duplication of events. In a controlled experiment we compare SEQUENCE BRAIDING and IDMVis on user task completion time, correctness, error, and confidence. Our results provide good evidence that users of SEQUENCE BRAIDING can understand high-level patterns and trends faster and with similar error. A full version of this paper with all appendices;the evaluation stimuli, data, and analysis code; and source code are available at osf.io/s92bu.

Corruption control and prevention in the Korean government

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how corruption has changed over time in South Korea and to explore how the corruption control and prevention efforts of the Korean government have been successful and failed. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on institutional theory to formulate a qualitative analysis to assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and measures, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of anti-corruption reform efforts in South Korea. Findings This paper argues that while the Korean government has been quite successful in building anti-corruption institutions to control low-level petty corruption, it has failed to institutionalize anti-corruption institutions to curb high-level grand corruption. Originality/value While many studies have attempted to identify the successful factors of fighting corruption, this paper draws a theoretical distinction between institution-building vs institutionalization to examine the success and failure of corruption control and prevention efforts in South Korea.

Prior Audit Experience and CFO Financial Reporting Aggressiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Condie ◽  
Kara M. Obermire ◽  
Timothy A. Seidel ◽  
Michael S. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Chief Financial Officers ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time Away ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we investigate the financial reporting behavior of chief financial officers (CFOs) with significant prior audit experience. Our tests indicate that, on average, CFOs who were former audit managers or partners report less aggressively than CFOs without prior audit experience. Thus, the mindset that auditors develop during their time in public accounting – which should value objective, transparent, and conservative financial reporting – appears to persist when auditors take high-level positions in industry. However, we also find that the reporting behavior of prior-auditor CFOs becomes more aggressive over time as the salience of their audit experience decays. Further, we find that audit fees are lower for clients with prior-auditor CFOs but increase as the CFOs’ time away from auditing increases. Overall, our study offers important insights regarding how audit experience is associated with the financial reporting behavior of CFOs.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Westwood ◽  
Beth Laura O’Leary ◽  
Milford Wayne Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 1 introduces the concepts of “importance” and historic preservation at a high-level and explains the biographies of each of the authors. The included chapter outline also provides an overview of the scope and content of the book. This chapter begins with an overview and definition of human culture, and how it has changed over time. The concepts of archaeology and space archaeology are introduced within the context of place-based historic preservation and Apollo culture.

Investigating emergent coordination in small music groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Nicola Pennill ◽  
Jane W Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Observational Methods ◽  
Creative Collaboration ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emergent Coordination ◽  
Over Time

It is people that make group music work. For researchers, this provides many interesting and diverse opportunities for study. This chapter focuses on ways in which musicians establish coordination in musical contexts with particular consideration of methods of investigation. It takes a high-level view of coordination relating to the alignment of ideas, intentions, and actions in creative collaboration processes. It outlines observational methods for real-life contexts, coding schemes for group behaviors, and the increased employment of mixed-methods that observe and measure interaction in lab and ecological settings. The chapter closes with a consideration of the relevance of longitudinal studies of ensembles that showcase emergent coordination, and an example is offered of an investigation of the development of behavioral interactions over time in two vocal quintets.

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