scholarly journals The Hungarian Hubris Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Magyari ◽  
Csaba Pléh ◽  
Bálint Forgács
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Key Indicators

Powerful figures, such as politicians, who show a behavioural pattern of exuberant self-confidence, recklessness, and contempt for others may be the subject of the acquired personality disorder, the ’Hubris Syndrome’, which has been demonstrated to leave its mark on speech patterns. Our study explores characteristic language patterns of Hungarian Prime Ministers (PMs) with a special emphasis on one of the key indicators of Hubris, the shift from the first person ‘I’ to ‘we’ in spontaneous speech. We analyzed the ratio of the first-person singular (‘I’) and plural (‘we’) pronouns and verbal inflections in the spontaneous parliamentary speeches of four Hungarian PMs between 1998-2018. We found that Viktor Orbán during his second premiership (2010-2014) used first person plural relative to singular inflections more often than the other three PMs during their terms. Orbán and another Hungarian PM, Ferenc Gyurcsány, who were re-elected at some point showed an increased ratio of first person plural vs. singular inflections and personal pronouns by their second term, likely reflecting the process of getting drunk with power. The results confirm the hypothesis that extended periods of premiership and more specifically, re-elections increase hubristic behaviour in political leaders.

scholarly journals We Shall Fight: Speaker-Exclusive We as a Grammatical Metaphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Francesca Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
First Person ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The One ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

The first person plural pronoun cannot be considered as an expression of pluralization of the first. Its semantic boundaries are defined in context, and this inherent vagueness an be pragmatically exploited for communicative purposes. Beyond the frequently investigated opposition between (addressee-) inclusive vs exclusive forms, this paper explores non-prototypical uses of the first person plural pronoun, focusing on the conflicts that arise when it is used in contexts that semantically exclude the speaker. Speaker-exclusive forms can occur in different situations, ranging from interpersonal exchanges to public discourse. The paper investigates their different semantic implications, highlighting their common traits as well as their crucial peculiarities. Both the review of the literature and the analysis of actual examples bring forth the different values and functions of various speaker-exclusive occurrences of the first person plural. A more systematic categorization of the forms can be obtained adopting a metaphorical interpretation, which on the one hand emphasises their common denominator (i.e. speaker-exclusiveness) and, on the other, sheds light on their varying communicative potential.

In Search of a First-Person Plural, Second-Best Theory of Constitutional Interpretation

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Győrfi
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
First Person ◽  
Constitutional Interpretation ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Adequate Theory ◽  
Proper Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural

The purpose of this paper is not to argue for a particular approach to constitutional interpretation, but to map the domain thereof and clarify the requirements that an adequate theory of the subject must meet. A comprehensive constitutional theory has to address both how and by whom a given constitution should be interpreted. While everyone admits that these two issues are not entirely unrelated, many constitutional theorists presume that a theory of constitutional interpretation can usefully insulate these two questions. The argument is that once we have answered the question of who will interpret the constitution and we have made a decision on institutional design, we can then focus our efforts on the proper method of interpretation. Although I do not deny that the two questions can be analytically separated, my contention is that a theory of constitutional interpretation focusing only on the how question is wholly inadequate.

Re-imagining first-person narrative as a collective voice in John Edgar Wideman’s Sent for you yesterday

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
First Person ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Collective Voice ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Narrative Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural

AbstractThis article considers the “narrating-I” in African American fiction, reexamining its significance for narratological and sociopolitical theorizations of literature. First-person narratives can normally be understood as autodiegetic, in which the narrators present their experiences from their own perspectives at the expense of access to the viewpoints of other characters. However, African American narratives sometimes present their readers with first-person narrators who are seemingly more omniscient. Able to slip across the boundaries that demarcate their experience from that of others, these narrators can adopt the subject positions of other characters, shifting narrative focalization in ways that would normatively be impossible. Unlike “we” narratives that rely on the first-person plural to evoke collective storytelling, these works pluralize an otherwise singular narrator into a different sort of collective multiplicity. This paper argues that this plurality and multiplicity problematize the limitations of first-person narration, and in so doing resonate with issues surrounding the sociopolitical imagining of community. Through an investigation into the innovative narrative structures of John Edgar Wideman’s Sent for you yesterday, this paper thus hopes to contribute to ongoing conversations in narrative studies by reassessing its standard narrative frameworks, as well as argue for the applicability of narratology to contemporary sociopolitical thought.

Using sociostylistic variants in advanced French interlanguage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Written Corpus

This study investigates the use of pronouns nous and a subgroup of on in a corpus of advanced oral and written French interlanguage produced by 32 Dutch L1 speakers. The subject nous + first person plural verb is characteristic of formal styles while on + third person singular verb is typical of informal styles. A quantitative analysis of the oral corpus revealed that the amount of authentic interaction, but not the amount of formal instruction, in the target language is significantly related to the choice of on. Its use correlated with morpholexical accuracy rates, fluency, omission of ne in negations and use of colloquial vocabulary. A similar analysis of the written corpus revealed equal proportions of on, which suggests that as a group, the learners had not yet completely acquired the constraints on this variable.

scholarly journals SELF-MENTIONS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS RESEARCH ARTICLES WRITTEN BY INDONESIANS AND NON-INDONESIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Slamet Utomo ◽  
Fitri Budi Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
First Person ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
First Person Plural

This study explores self-mentions in Applied Linguistics research articles written by Indonesians and non-Indonesians. Twenty research articles consisting of 10 research articles written by Indonesians, and the other 10 by non-Indonesians were randomly selected from the leading and international Applied Linguistics journal published in 2017-2018. The use of first person pronouns in those articles was recorded and analyzed. The results indicate the more frequent use of self-mentions in the research articles written by Indonesians than by non-Indonesians. However, the use of first person plural pronoun is higher in the research articles written by non-Indonesians.  

Tone and tune: the evidence for Northern Ewe music

Africa ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kofi Agawu
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
High Tone ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphOne of the most intriguing features of most African languages is that of tone, by which variations in speech tone generate different meanings (Pike, 1948, offers a valuable introduction to this subject and includes an extensive bibliography; Fromkin, 1972, is a comprehensive evaluation of specialised studies). In the Ewe language, for example, the word to [H] pronounced with a high tone means ‘ear’, as in To le venye (HLMM), ‘I have an earache.’ To can also mean ‘through’, Meto akonta me [MHLHML], ‘I have gone through the accounts.’ But as soon as the high tone is replaced by a low one the meaning of the word changes drastically: to [L] means ‘thick’ as in Dzogbo la to [LHHL], ‘The porridge is thick’. Similarly, mi [H] is a pronoun for the first person plural (Mieto adegbe, ‘We are on the way to the hunt’). The same word refers to ‘faeces’ as in [HL], ‘goat's faeces’. A shift of tone from high to low results in a change of meaning. Mi [L] is a pronoun for the second person plural (Mile tsi [LLM], ‘You (should) take a bath’); it also means ‘swallow’ (mi amatsi, ‘swallow [or take] the medicine’). The phenomenon is not restricted to monosyllables. Kuku [HH] refers to a ‘hat’ (Meɖe kuku na wo, ‘I remove your hat,’ which is a figurative way of saying ‘I beg you’). Kuku [LH] on the other hand refers to ‘death’. Asi [LH] is the word for ‘hand’, while asi [LM] denotes ‘market’. Tone is operative on a number of levels within the syntagmatic chain: on the level of syllable, word, phrase and sentence. Furthermore, a number of constraints—syntactic, international or natural factors—influence the disposition of speech tones (consult Ansre, 1961, for information about Ewe tone and Dakubu, 1988, for the most recent study of this and other aspects of Ghanaian languages).

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL BOUND MORPHEME IN MAGENA LANGUAGE: A LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN CENTRAL SUMBA REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.Y.A. Kay ◽  
N.L.P.S. Adnyani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The aim of the study is to identify the morphological  of derivational bound morpheme in Magena Language and to find out the functions of Morphological of derivational bound morpheme in Magena Language.” The writer uses the descriptive qualitative method which is aimed to describe bound Morphemes in Magena Language. The subject of this writing is five informants of Magena in collecting the data. The writer assigned the informants to do the storytelling and record them. After that the data were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The findings reveal that the derivational bound morphemes that appear are free morphemes, which consists of a noun, verb. adverb, adjectives. It was also found that the function of the suffix –ne was as possessive of the first-person singular, the function of the suffix - ne as possessive of first – singular, the function of the suffix –me as possessive of first-person plural, The function of the suffix –ya refers to third-person singular as an adverb. Circumfixes pa - and - gi have the function to change the part of speech.  From the result gained the writer could say that derivational bound morpheme in Magena language has their own character and their own function in use.

scholarly journals Plural addressee marker and grammaticalization in Barayin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-82
Author(s):  
Joseph Lovestrand
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
Dual Form ◽  
Dual Number ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Plural Subject

Abstract This article describes two distinct but related grammaticalization paths in Barayin, an East Chadic language. One path is from a first-person plural pronoun to a first-person dual pronoun. Synchronically, the pronominal forms in Barayin with first-person dual number must now be combined with a plural addressee enclitic, nà, to create a first-person plural pronoun. This path is identical to what has been documented in Philippine-type languages. The other path is from a first-person dative suffix to a suffix dedicated to first-person hortative. This path of grammaticalization has not been discussed in the literature. It occurred in several related languages, and each case results in a hortative form with a dual subject. Hortative forms with a plural subject are created by adding a plural addressee marker to the dual form. The plural addressee marker in Chadic languages is derived from a second-person pronominal.

A deixis emocional em português europeu contemporâneo: alguns contributos

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Macário Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
First Person Plural

This paper is a contribution to the description of the structures that express emotional deixis, in European contemporary Portuguese. The analysis of our empirical data show that, in Portuguese, demonstratives are not the only category that encodes emotional deictic meaning; possessives and first person plural display the same function, in some contexts. It is also discussed the semantic bleaching of the deictic space adverbs cá and lá and it is argued that it can only be described and explained in illocutionary terms, and not in the framework of emotional deixis.

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