Interoceptive predictors of time estimation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryne Van Hedger ◽  
Kelly E. Faig ◽  
Elizabeth A. Necka ◽  
Greg Norman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Time estimation accuracy is essential for many activities in daily life. Interoception, the process of detecting internal bodily signals, has been theorized to contribute to accurate time estimation. The present study examines the relationship between interoception, broadly conceptualized to incorporate both interoceptive accuracy and self-reported body perception, and time estimation accuracy at short (sub-second) and long (multi-second) intervals. We assessed baseline heart rate and high frequency heart rate variability, then participants (n = 63) completed a heartbeat detection task to measure interoceptive accuracy, a self-reported measure of body perception, and time reproduction and production estimation tasks. Using multivariate regression, we found that interoceptive accuracy significantly predicted long interval accuracy on the production task; however, individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy produced shorter, not necessarily more accurate, intervals on this task. Body perception was not related to time estimation. Our findings provide limited support for the role of interoception in time estimation.

The relationship between phobic anxiety and 2-year readmission after Acute Coronary Syndrome: What is the role of heart rate variability?

2019 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne O'Neil ◽  
C. Barr Taylor ◽  
David L. Hare ◽  
Emma Thomas ◽  
Samia R. Toukhsati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Abnormal Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Mice Lacking ASIC3

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Feng Cheng ◽  
Terry B. J. Kuo ◽  
Wei-Nan Chen ◽  
Chao-Chieh Lin ◽  
Chih-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Function ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation

Integration of sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow is essential in maintaining normal cardiac autonomic function. Recent studies demonstrate that acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is a sensitive acid sensor for cardiac ischemia and prolonged mild acidification can open ASIC3 and evoke a sustained inward current that fires action potentials in cardiac sensory neurons. However, the physiological role of ASIC3 in cardiac autonomic regulation is not known. In this study, we elucidate the role of ASIC3 in cardiac autonomic function usingAsic3−/−mice.Asic3−/−mice showed normal baseline heart rate and lower blood pressure as compared with their wild-type littermates. Heart rate variability analyses revealed imbalanced autonomic regulation, with decreased sympathetic function. Furthermore,Asic3−/−mice demonstrated a blunted response to isoproterenol-induced cardiac tachycardia and prolonged duration to recover to baseline heart rate. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR analysis of gene expression in sensory ganglia and heart revealed that no gene compensation for muscarinic acetylcholines receptors and beta-adrenalin receptors were found inAsic3−/−mice. In summary, we unraveled an important role of ASIC3 in regulating cardiac autonomic function, whereby loss of ASIC3 alters the normal physiological response to ischemic stimuli, which reveals new implications for therapy in autonomic nervous system-related cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Interoceptive accuracy moderates the response to a glucose load: a test of the predictive coding framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1898) ◽  
pp. 20190244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley A. Young ◽  
Chantelle M. Gaylor ◽  
Danielle de Kerckhove ◽  
Heather Watkins ◽  
David Benton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

Recently, interoception and homeostasis have been described in terms of predictive coding and active inference. Afferent signals update prior predictions about the state of the body, and stimulate the autonomic mediation of homeostasis. Performance on tests of interoceptive accuracy (IAc) may indicate an individual's ability to assign precision to interoceptive signals, thus determining the relative influence of ascending signals and the descending prior predictions. Accordingly, individuals with high IAc should be better able to regulate during the postprandial period. One hundred females were allocated to consume glucose, an artificially sweetened drink, water or no drink. Before, and 30 min after a drink, IAc, heart rate (HR) and blood glucose (BG) were measured, and participants rated their hunger, thirst and mood. A higher IAc was related to lower BG levels, a decline in anxiety and a higher HR, after consuming glucose. A higher IAc also resulted in a larger decline in hunger if they consumed either glucose or sucralose. These data support the role of active inference in interoception and homeostasis, and suggest that the ability to attend to interoceptive signals may be critical to the maintenance of physical and emotional health.

The Role of Hyperleukocytosis in Predicting the Severity of Pertussis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ying Wu ◽  
chuan gan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Few reports have described the relationship between WBC count and the severity of pertussis or the timing of ET in patients with hyperleukocytosis.Methods: A retrospective clinical analysis of infants with pertussis and a WBC exceeding 30*10^9/L was performed.Results: A total of 158 patients were enrolled in the study. There were significant differences in the clinical manifestations of cyanosis, fever, highest respiratory rate, and highest heart rate. There were significant differences in all complications except for pulmonary hypertension. In laboratory findings, there were significant differences in organ damage (myocardial markers, ALT), increased inflammation indicators (CRP, PCT), and the incidence of combined bacterial infections. There were significant differences in ICU stay length, mechanical ventilation use, days hospitalized, days until cough relief and days until the WBC fell below 25*10^9/L. A WBC count >55.38 *10^9/L was calculated as the cutoff value with 88.2% sensitivity and 23.4% specificity in predicting ET. A respiratory rate of 59 breaths/min had 94.1% sensitivity and 36.7% specificity in predicting ET. A heart rate of 159 beats/min had 100% sensitivity and 38.1% specificity in predicting ET.Conclusion: WBC count is related to the severity of pertussis. We recommend that ET is considered when the patient’s WBC count exceeds 55*10^9/L, breathing exceeds 60 breaths/min, and/or heart rate exceeds 160 beats/min.

Role of Fitness in Mediating Stress: A Correlational Exploration of Stress Reactivity

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Brandon ◽  
J. Mark Loftin ◽  
Jack Curry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on reducing subjects' responsiveness to stress. Results from the initial studies were positive, yet these studies often did not use objective measures of fitness. This investigation applied more rigorous methodology than past experiments to assess the relationship between fitness and reactivity to stress. Maximal oxygen consumption was measured to indicate the fitness of recreational cyclists who were then exposed to three stressful situations (mental subtraction, speech preparation, and the cold pressor test). Heart rate, frontalis electromyographic (EMG) levels, and self-report of tension were monitored during the stress-inducing tasks. Physical fitness was significantly related to heart rate taken during the subtraction and cold pressor tasks, with EMG during subtraction, and with self-report during all three stressor tasks. These results further support the hypothesized association of physical fitness and reducing response to stress.

Hemorrhage decreases arterial pressure sooner in pregnant compared with nonpregnant dogs: role of baroreflex

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. H1610-H1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Brooks ◽  
L. C. Keil
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Initial Blood

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that smaller reflex increases in vasopressin, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations are produced by hemorrhage in pregnant compared with nonpregnant conscious dogs. Equivalent hemorrhages (1% of the initial blood volume per minute) produced larger decreases in arterial pressure [P < 0.01; 107 +/- 6 to 73 +/- 10 mmHg (pregnant); 109 +/- 6 to 90 +/- 5 mmHg (nonpregnant)] but produced similar increases in plasma vasopressin concentration in the pregnant animals. As a result, the slope of the arterial pressure-to-vasopressin relationship was reduced (P < 0.05). During pregnancy, smaller increases in plasma cortisol concentration and heart rate were also produced for a given decrease in arterial pressure, but the relationship between pressure and ACTH was not significantly affected. In contrast, higher levels of plasma renin activity and plasma ANG II concentration were achieved in the pregnant dogs. In general, the relationships between plasma hormone levels and either left or right atrial pressure were not significantly altered. These results indicate that reflex increases in heart rate, vasopressin, and cortisol concentration are attenuated in pregnant dogs and that this attenuation may contribute to the inability of pregnant animals to achieve normal cardiovascular homeostasis during hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Waiting longer, feeling fatter: Effects of response delay on tactile distance estimation and confidence in females with anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manja Engel ◽  
Stephen Gadsby ◽  
Andrew W Corcoran ◽  
Anouk Keizer ◽  
H. Chris Dijkerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Perceptual Differences ◽  
The Relationship

Research suggests that anorexia nervosa (AN) patients overestimate their own body size. However, researchers are divided over whether this overestimation stems from perceptual or non-perceptual differences. In this study, we investigated the influence of non-perceptual factors in tactile size estimation, in a sample of AN patients (N = 30), recovered AN (REC) patients (N = 29) and healthy controls (N=31), by manipulating the role of allowed response time. We further investigated the relationship between allowed response time and participants’ confidence in their tactile judgments. Participants were asked to estimate tactile distances presented on the skin of either a salient (abdomen) or non-salient (arm) body part, either directly after stimulus presentation or after a 5 second delay. Confidence of estimation accuracy was measured after each response. Results showed that allowing AN and REC more time to respond caused them to estimate tactile distances as larger. Additionally, AN patients became less confident when given more time to respond. These results suggest that non-perceptual influences cause AN patients to increase their estimates of tactile distances and become less certain of these estimates. We suggest that previous findings—where AN patients estimate tactile distances as larger than HC—may be due to non-perceptual differences.

scholarly journals The heart rate discrimination task: a psychophysical method to estimate the accuracy and precision of interoceptive beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Legrand ◽  
Niia Nikolova ◽  
Camile Correa ◽  
Malthe Brændholt ◽  
Anna Stuckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
List Type ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Rate Discrimination ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Discrimination Method

AbstractInteroception - the physiological sense of our inner bodies - has risen to the forefront of psychological and psychiatric research. Much of this research utilizes tasks that attempt to measure the ability to accurately detect cardiac signals. Unfortunately, these approaches are confounded by well-known issues limiting their validity and interpretation. At the core of this controversy is the role of subjective beliefs about the heart rate in confounding measures of interoceptive accuracy. Here, we recast these beliefs as an important part of the causal machinery of interoception, and offer a novel psychophysical “heart rate discrimination” method to estimate their accuracy and precision. By applying this task in 218 healthy participants, we demonstrate that cardiac interoceptive beliefs are more biased, less precise, and are associated with poorer metacognitive insight relative to a matched exteroceptive control. Our task, provided as an open-source python package, offers users an intuitive, robust approach to quantifying cardiac beliefs.HighlightsCurrent interoception tasks conflate cardiac beliefs with accuracy.We introduce a Bayesian method for estimating cardiac belief accuracy and precision.Individuals underestimate their heart rate by −7 BPM (95% CI [−8.6 −5.3]) on average.Cardiac beliefs are associated with reduced precision and metacognitive insight.The task and modelling tools are provided in the Python Cardioception Package.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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