Motion captured realistic avatars are the future for social interaction in virtual reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane L. Rogers ◽  
Rebecca Broadbent ◽  
Jemma Brown ◽  
Alan Fraser ◽  
Craig Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conversational Partner ◽  
Full Face

This study evaluated participant self-reported appraisal of social interactions with another person in virtual reality (VR) where their conversational partner was represented by a realistic avatar. We term the avatar as realistic because: 1. It was modelled to look like the person it represented, and 2. Full face and body motion capture was utilised so that the avatar mimicked the facial and body language of the conversational partner in real-time. We compared social interaction in VR with face-to-face interaction across two communicative contexts: 1. Getting acquainted conversation, and 2. A structured interview where the participant engaged in self-disclosure about positive and negative experiences. Overall, participants largely indicated they preferred face-to-face over VR communication. However, some participants did indicate a preference for VR communication, and an analysis of post-conversation ratings indicated no significant difference for rated enjoyment, understanding, self-disclosure, comfort, and awkwardness. The one rating where face-to-face was found to be superior was for perceived closeness. Most participants perceived frequent eye contact in both face-to-face and VR interaction, but typically more eye contact when face-to-face. Eye contact was positively associated with rated enjoyment, closeness, and comfort. Overall, our findings suggest that harnessing full face and body motion capture can make social interaction in VR as very similar to face-to-face interaction. We anticipate that VR social interaction is poised to become the next major technological evolution for human communication and suggest avenues for further research.

scholarly journals Realistic Motion Avatars are the Future for Social Interaction in Virtual Reality

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane L. Rogers ◽  
Rebecca Broadbent ◽  
Jemma Brown ◽  
Alan Fraser ◽  
Craig P. Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conversational Partner ◽  
Full Face

This study evaluated participant self-reported appraisal of social interactions with another person in virtual reality (VR) where their conversational partner was represented by a realistic motion avatar. We use the term realistic motion avatar because: 1. The avatar was modelled to look like the conversational partner it represented, and 2. Full face and body motion capture was utilised so that the avatar mimicked the facial and body language of the conversational partner in real-time. We compared social interaction in VR with face-to-face interaction across two communicative contexts: 1. Getting acquainted conversation, and 2. A structured interview where the participant engaged in self-disclosure about positive and negative experiences. Overall, participants largely indicated they preferred face-to-face over VR communication. However, some participants did indicate a preference for VR communication. Additionally, an analysis of post-conversation ratings indicated no significant difference for rated enjoyment, understanding, self-disclosure, comfort, and awkwardness between communication modes. The only ratings where face-to-face was found to be superior was for perceived closeness across both types of communication, and for feeling understood specifically when disclosing negative experiences. Most participants perceived frequent eye contact in both face-to-face and VR interaction, but typically more eye contact when face-to-face. Eye contact was positively associated with rated enjoyment, closeness, and comfort. Overall, our findings suggest that harnessing full face and body motion capture can make social interaction in VR very similar to face-to-face interaction. We anticipate that VR social interaction is poised to become the next major technological evolution for human computer mediated communication and suggest avenues for further research.

EMBARRASSMENT IN DYADIC INTERACTION

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Edelmann ◽  
Sarah E. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Verbal Output

The effect of embarrassment upon dyadic interaction was studied in a semi-naturalistic setting. Subject pairs participated in an alternating question and answer session at one of two interactional distances (1 or 2 in), utilizing questions which increased in their intimacy content. A control group who had only non-intimate questions was also investigated. It was found that topic intimacy, but not interactional distance affected the embarrassment potential of the situation. Increases in embarrassment caused typical changes in nonverbal behavior (decreased eye contact, increased gestural activity, and increased smiling) for both pair members while speaking and listening, and also an increase in speech disturbances. Also, as embarrassment increased mutual gaze decreased, whilst mutual disregard and reciprocated body motion increased; reciprocated looking and reciprocated smiling were not affected. Increases in embarrassment did not affect the amount of self-disclosure for each individual, although verbal output was suppressed relative to the control group. Significant reciprocation of self-disclosure occurred in less than one-third of the interacting pairs. The possibility of evolving coping strategies for embarrassment are discussed in the light of the results.

scholarly journals Robot Gaze Behavior Affects Honesty in Human-Robot Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elef Schellen ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Deceptive Behavior

As the use of humanoid robots proliferates, an increasing amount of people may find themselves face-to-“face” with a robot in everyday life. Although there is a plethora of information available on facial social cues and how we interpret them in the field of human-human social interaction, we cannot assume that these findings flawlessly transfer to human-robot interaction. Therefore, more research on facial cues in human-robot interaction is required. This study investigated deception in human-robot interaction context, focusing on the effect that eye contact with a robot has on honesty towards this robot. In an iterative task, participants could assist a humanoid robot by providing it with correct information, or potentially secure a reward for themselves by providing it with incorrect information. Results show that participants are increasingly honest after the robot establishes eye contact with them, but only if this is in response to deceptive behavior. Behavior is not influenced by the establishment of eye contact if the participant is actively engaging in honest behavior. These findings support the notion that humanoid robots can be perceived as, and treated like, social agents, since the herein described effect mirrors one present in human-human social interaction.

scholarly journals Robot Gaze Behavior Affects Honesty in Human-Robot Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elef Schellen ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Deceptive Behavior

As the use of humanoid robots proliferates, an increasing amount of people may find themselves face-to-“face” with a robot in everyday life. Although there is a plethora of information available on facial social cues and how we interpret them in the field of human-human social interaction, we cannot assume that these findings flawlessly transfer to human-robot interaction. Therefore, more research on facial cues in human-robot interaction is required. This study investigated deception in human-robot interaction context, focusing on the effect that eye contact with a robot has on honesty toward this robot. In an iterative task, participants could assist a humanoid robot by providing it with correct information, or potentially secure a reward for themselves by providing it with incorrect information. Results show that participants are increasingly honest after the robot establishes eye contact with them, but only if this is in response to deceptive behavior. Behavior is not influenced by the establishment of eye contact if the participant is actively engaging in honest behavior. These findings support the notion that humanoid robots can be perceived as, and treated like, social agents, since the herein described effect mirrors one present in human-human social interaction.

scholarly journals Achievement in Training: Recorded Video Compared to Face-to-Face Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Kate Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Lectures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
The Many ◽  
Full Face

During the 2020-2021 years, it has been necessary for organizations to rethink how they conduct their daily operations in light of COVID-19 restrictions. One of the many activities within organizations is to provide new and recurrent training to their employees. In a similar vein, universities also had to make adaptations to instructional methods. This change provided an opportunity to compare student achievement in two different instructional modalities; one with lectures delivered in a full face-to-face format, and the other with recorded video lectures delivered in online platform. Both formats were conducted in morning and afternoon sessions. Three sets of test results were measured to compare the outcomes between two years. This study had mixed results, two of the three test results sets between the years showed no significant difference between face-to-face and recorded video lectures, while one of the three test results provided evidence that the results were different between instructional methods. The results of this study could provide applicable information to organizations and help to provide a roadmap for providing training in different formats. It is noteworthy that providing instruction in recorded video formats could be less expensive to organizations and also provide more flexibility for employees to fit recurrent t into their daily schedules.

scholarly journals Penggunaan POE-inqury melalui blended learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran materi sistem respirasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Triara Noerhandayani ◽  
Suhara Suhara ◽  
Rini Solihat
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Gain Score ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Student Learning Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Full Face

The purposes of this research were to analyze the improvement of students’ learning outcomes after participating in learning the respiratory system using POE-Inquiry through Blended Learning by Google Classroom. The research used Quasy Experiment Method. The data in this research were collected using multiple-choice questions to find out students’ level of understanding and outcome. The questionnaire supports students’ responses to the lessons. The result shows that the teaching process using POE-Inquiry through Blended Learning by Google Classroom contribute and support the progress of student learning outcome, can be seen with the result of largest of N-gain score index: first of N-gain score as much as 22,2% low category; acquisition of second N-gain score as much as 44,4% in the high category; and third N-gain score as much as 66,7% in the medium category. The result of Mann-Whitney U test on the final posttest found that the p-value (0,548) is greater than α (0.05), so it can be concluded that does not have a significant difference between Blended Learning and without Blended Learning (full face to face). Nearly all students gave positive feedback on learning the respiratory system using POE-Inquiry through Blended Learning by Google Classroom.

scholarly journals An Effortful Approach to Social Affiliation in Schizophrenia: Preliminary Evidence of Increased Theta and Alpha Connectivity during a Live Social Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Lilian Y. Li ◽  
Jason Schiffman ◽  
Derek K. Hu ◽  
Beth A. Lopour ◽  
Elizabeth A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Eeg Functional Connectivity

People with schizophrenia often experience a profound lack of motivation for social affiliation—a facet of negative symptoms that detrimentally impairs functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying social affiliative deficits remain poorly understood, particularly under realistic social contexts. Here, we investigated subjective reports and electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity in schizophrenia during a live social interaction. Individuals with schizophrenia (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 29) completed a face-to-face interaction with a confederate while having EEG recorded. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Closeness condition designed to elicit feelings of closeness through self-disclosure or a Small-Talk condition with minimal disclosure. Compared to controls, patients reported lower positive emotional experiences and feelings of closeness across conditions, but they showed comparably greater subjective affiliative responses for the Closeness (vs. Small-Talk) condition. Additionally, patients in the Closeness (vs. Small-Talk) condition displayed a global increase in connectivity in theta and alpha frequency bands that was not observed for controls. Importantly, greater theta and alpha connectivity was associated with greater subjective affiliative responding, greater negative symptoms, and lower disorganized symptoms in patients. Collectively, findings indicate that patients, because of pronounced negative symptoms, utilized a less efficient, top-down mediated strategy to process social affiliation.

Face to Face Social Interaction and Inferior Frontal Processing

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy I. Skipper ◽  
Howard C. Nusbaum ◽  
Steven L. Small
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Face To Face

No Significant Difference in Service Learninng Online

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Y. McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Online Delivery ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Business Programs ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference

Institutions of higher education are realizing the importance of service learning initiatives in developing awareness of students’ civic responsibilities, leadership and management skills, and social responsibility. These skills and responsibilities are the foundation of program outcomes in accredited higher education business programs at undergraduate and graduate levels. In an attempt to meet the needs of the student market, these institutions of higher education are delivering more courses online. This study addresses a comparison of traditional and online delivery of service learning experiences. Results demonstrate no significant difference in outcomes between the online and face-to-face models.

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