EMBARRASSMENT IN DYADIC INTERACTION

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Edelmann ◽  
Sarah E. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Verbal Output

The effect of embarrassment upon dyadic interaction was studied in a semi-naturalistic setting. Subject pairs participated in an alternating question and answer session at one of two interactional distances (1 or 2 in), utilizing questions which increased in their intimacy content. A control group who had only non-intimate questions was also investigated. It was found that topic intimacy, but not interactional distance affected the embarrassment potential of the situation. Increases in embarrassment caused typical changes in nonverbal behavior (decreased eye contact, increased gestural activity, and increased smiling) for both pair members while speaking and listening, and also an increase in speech disturbances. Also, as embarrassment increased mutual gaze decreased, whilst mutual disregard and reciprocated body motion increased; reciprocated looking and reciprocated smiling were not affected. Increases in embarrassment did not affect the amount of self-disclosure for each individual, although verbal output was suppressed relative to the control group. Significant reciprocation of self-disclosure occurred in less than one-third of the interacting pairs. The possibility of evolving coping strategies for embarrassment are discussed in the light of the results.

scholarly journals Realistic Motion Avatars are the Future for Social Interaction in Virtual Reality

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane L. Rogers ◽  
Rebecca Broadbent ◽  
Jemma Brown ◽  
Alan Fraser ◽  
Craig P. Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conversational Partner ◽  
Full Face

This study evaluated participant self-reported appraisal of social interactions with another person in virtual reality (VR) where their conversational partner was represented by a realistic motion avatar. We use the term realistic motion avatar because: 1. The avatar was modelled to look like the conversational partner it represented, and 2. Full face and body motion capture was utilised so that the avatar mimicked the facial and body language of the conversational partner in real-time. We compared social interaction in VR with face-to-face interaction across two communicative contexts: 1. Getting acquainted conversation, and 2. A structured interview where the participant engaged in self-disclosure about positive and negative experiences. Overall, participants largely indicated they preferred face-to-face over VR communication. However, some participants did indicate a preference for VR communication. Additionally, an analysis of post-conversation ratings indicated no significant difference for rated enjoyment, understanding, self-disclosure, comfort, and awkwardness between communication modes. The only ratings where face-to-face was found to be superior was for perceived closeness across both types of communication, and for feeling understood specifically when disclosing negative experiences. Most participants perceived frequent eye contact in both face-to-face and VR interaction, but typically more eye contact when face-to-face. Eye contact was positively associated with rated enjoyment, closeness, and comfort. Overall, our findings suggest that harnessing full face and body motion capture can make social interaction in VR very similar to face-to-face interaction. We anticipate that VR social interaction is poised to become the next major technological evolution for human computer mediated communication and suggest avenues for further research.

Motion captured realistic avatars are the future for social interaction in virtual reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane L. Rogers ◽  
Rebecca Broadbent ◽  
Jemma Brown ◽  
Alan Fraser ◽  
Craig Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conversational Partner ◽  
Full Face

This study evaluated participant self-reported appraisal of social interactions with another person in virtual reality (VR) where their conversational partner was represented by a realistic avatar. We term the avatar as realistic because: 1. It was modelled to look like the person it represented, and 2. Full face and body motion capture was utilised so that the avatar mimicked the facial and body language of the conversational partner in real-time. We compared social interaction in VR with face-to-face interaction across two communicative contexts: 1. Getting acquainted conversation, and 2. A structured interview where the participant engaged in self-disclosure about positive and negative experiences. Overall, participants largely indicated they preferred face-to-face over VR communication. However, some participants did indicate a preference for VR communication, and an analysis of post-conversation ratings indicated no significant difference for rated enjoyment, understanding, self-disclosure, comfort, and awkwardness. The one rating where face-to-face was found to be superior was for perceived closeness. Most participants perceived frequent eye contact in both face-to-face and VR interaction, but typically more eye contact when face-to-face. Eye contact was positively associated with rated enjoyment, closeness, and comfort. Overall, our findings suggest that harnessing full face and body motion capture can make social interaction in VR as very similar to face-to-face interaction. We anticipate that VR social interaction is poised to become the next major technological evolution for human communication and suggest avenues for further research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 009121742098208
Author(s):  
Ali Kandeğer ◽  
Memduha Aydın ◽  
Kürşat Altınbaş ◽  
Alparslan Cansız ◽  
Özge Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients by comparing them with a matched control group in terms of age, gender, and education level. Method The patient group (n = 84) and the healthy controls (HCs, n = 92) filled in the questionnaire including the socio-demographic form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced through the online survey link. Results The COVID-19 patients had higher perceived social support and coping strategies scores than the HCs. However, anxiety and depression scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. In logistic regression analysis performed in COVID-19 patients, the presence of chest CT finding (OR = 4.31; 95% CI = 1.04–17.95) was a risk factor for anxiety and the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73–0.99) had a negative association with anxiety. In addition, the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79–0.98) and high perceived social support (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.93– 0,99) had a negative association with depression symptoms. Conclusions Longitudinal studies involving the return to normality phase of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to investigate the effects of factors such as coping strategies and perceived social support that could increase the psychological adjustment and resilience of individuals on anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies, Anxiety and Depression in OCD and Schizophrenia: Changes during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Ángel Rosa-Alcázar ◽  
José Luis Parada-Navas ◽  
María Dolores García-Hernández ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Murillo ◽  
Pablo J. Olivares-Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
And Coping

Background: The main aim was to examine changes in coping strategies, anxiety and depression in obsessive–compulsive and schizophrenia patients during COVID-19, in addition to controlling the influence of intolerance to uncertainty and experiential avoidance. Method: The first time, the study comprised (15–30 April 2020) 293 patients, 113 of whom were diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder, 61 with schizophrenia and 119 healthy controls, aged 13–77 years (M = 37.89, SD = 12.65). The second time (15–30 November), the study comprised 195 participants (85 obsessive–compulsive patients, 42 schizophrenic patiens and 77 healthy controls participants). The evaluation was carried out through an online survey. Results: The clinical groups worsened over time in cognitive coping, anxiety and depression, while the control group only worsened in depression. Intergroup differences in anxiety, depression and coping strategies were maintained, highlighting the use of some maladaptive strategies (avoidance, spiritual) in clinical groups. Experiential avoidance and tolerance for uncertainty mainly affected coping. Conclusions: The duration of COVID-19 not only produced changes in anxiety and depression in clinical groups but also in coping strategies to face this pandemic and its consequences.

The Effects of Written Stuttering Disclosure on the Perceptions of a Child Who Stutters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Greg Snyder ◽  
Ashlee Manahan ◽  
Peyton McKnight ◽  
Myriam Kornisch
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Written Disclosure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
College Age ◽  
Perceptual Differences ◽  
Disclosure Statement

Purpose This study measured between-groups differences in perceived speech skills and personality characteristics of a 12-year-old male child who stutters (CWS) as a function of a written factual stuttering disclosure statement, delivered by the CWS, his “mother,” or his “teacher.” Method Four hundred twenty-four college-age adults were assigned to one of four groups, including three experimental groups (i.e., written self-disclosure, mother-written disclosure, and teacher-written disclosure) and a control group (no written disclosure). Participants in the control conditions viewed a brief video of the CWS. In the experimental conditions, participants read a brief written disclosure statement for 30 s, followed by the same video used in the control condition. After viewing the video, all participants completed surveys relative to their perceptions of the CWS speech skills and personality characteristics. Results Results reveal that a written stuttering disclosure statement provided by the mother correlated with select significant desirable perceptual differences of the CWS, while a written disclosure statement provided by the CWS yielded insignificant or even undesirable perceptual differences of the CWS. Written stuttering disclosures provided by a “teacher” did not yield any significant between-groups differences in the perception of a CWS. Gender affiliation was found to be a source of covariance in a number of perceived speech skills and personality characteristics. Conclusions Written stuttering disclosure statements provided by the “mother” correlated with select favorable perceptual differences of speech skills and personal characteristics of a CWS. Clinically, the application of novel methods (written and oral disclosure statements) and sources (i.e., CWS advocates such as “mother” and “teacher”) of stuttering disclosure statement can be integrated into a systematic therapeutic program, creating an innovative approach of scaffolding self-advocacy via stuttering disclosure in CWS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15505857

A Study of Eye-Contact Changes in Depressed and Recovered Psychiatric Patients

1971 ◽  
Vol 119 (549) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Hinchliffe ◽  
Meredith Lancashire ◽  
F. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Sex Dependency

Eye-contact is a prominent Non-verbal cue in any Dyadic interaction and can be easily observed and measured. Argyle (1969) has postulated a relationship with Intimacy and Distance, Kendon (1967) described its expressive and regulatory function in conversation and Exline et al. (1965 and 1967) have related it to other variables, e.g. sex, dependency and affiliative needs.

Characteristics of Nonverbal Behavior in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate during Interpersonal Communication

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Adachi ◽  
Shoko Kochi ◽  
Tai Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Kinematic Measurement

Objective This study examined characteristics of nonverbal behavior that patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) presented during interpersonal communication. Design This was a case-control design comparing nonverbal behavior of adult women with CLP with females without CLP. Participants Subjects were 20 adult women with CLP and 20 noncleft control women matched for age and educational experience. Main Outcome Measures Subject gestures and facial expressions were videotaped during interviews and analyzed with a computer-based kinematic measurement system. Results The clinical group displayed significantly fewer head movements and a lower smile frequency than the control group. Furthermore, head and hand movements and smiles were less coordinated or congruent for the subjects with CLP than for the comparison group. Conclusions Even slight facial disfigurement could have a harmful effect on communication behavior in female patients with CLP.

scholarly journals PERILAKU VIRTUAL REMAJA: STRATEGI COPING, HARGA DIRI, DAN PENGUNGKAPAN DIRI DALAM JEJARING SOSIAL ONLINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Naufal Mafazi ◽  
Fathul Lubabin Nuqul
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Active User ◽  
Sample Characteristics

Teenager’s activities in the online social networks, influenced by the nature of teenager’s characteristic who tends to look for a good impression from others. This study examined the effects of coping strategies and self-esteem on the teenagers’ self-disclosure on online social networking. In total, 185 adolescents participated the study; they were identified using the purposive sampling. The sample characteristics were having a social media account and an active user of social media. The Revised Self-Disclosure Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Ways of Coping Checklist were used to collect data.  The results of regression analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation of coping strategies and self-esteem on adolescents’ disclosure in online social networking.

scholarly journals Adaptive Stress Coping in Awake Bruxism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Ander Soto-Goñi ◽  
Francisco Alen ◽  
Leticia Buiza-González ◽  
Danielle Marcolino-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Awake Bruxism ◽  
Psychological Questionnaires

Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between psychological factors and bruxism. However, the data are often obscured by the lack of precise diagnostic criteria and the variety of the psychological questionnaires used. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between awake bruxism and psychological factors (anxiety, depression, sociability, stress coping, and personality traits). With this aim, 68 participants (13 males) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, a self-reported bruxism questionnaire, and a clinical examination. Based on their scores on the bruxism questionnaire and the clinical examination, subjects were divided into two groups. Subjects who met the criteria for “probable awake bruxism” were assigned to the case group (n = 29, five males). The control group (n = 39, nine males) was composed of subjects who showed no signs or symptoms of bruxism in the examination nor in the questionnaire. The probable awake bruxism group presented significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, symptoms of somatization, and neuroticism than the control group. Despite this, and when their problem coping strategies were considered, awake bruxers showed higher levels in Positive Reappraisal (p < 0.05), a strategy generally considered as adaptive. In conclusion, although awake bruxers in our study showed larger levels of anxiety, somatization, and neuroticism, they also displayed more adapted coping strategies, while according to previous data TMD patients (which generally also present high levels of anxiety, somatization and neuroticism) might tend to present less adaptive coping styles. Thus, awake bruxism may play a positive role in stress coping, which would be compatible with the hypothesis of mastication as a means of relieving psychological tension. This finding should be further confirmed by future research comparing TMD patients with definitive awake bruxers and controls and using larger and more representative samples.

scholarly journals The effect of supportive nursing intervention on burden and coping strategies of cargivers of children with cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ghada Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Hanady Shaaban Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Coping Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Coping

Background and objective: Cancer is a serious health problem. Children with cancer are in particular need of support and care due to its complications followed by chemotherapy. These children should be cared for at home by family caregivers, and this places great mental and physical burden on caregivers. Therefore, appropriate and effective nursing interventions are essential in order to decrease burden and improve their coping pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supportive nursing intervention on the burden of care and coping pattern in caregivers of children with cancer.Methods: Research design: A Quasi-study pre, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention was used to test the study hypothesis and fulfill the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at outpatient clinic in Specialized Pediatric Hospital at Benha City. Subjects: Sixty caregivers for children with cancer was chosen through convenient sampling method and divided by using table of random numbers into two groups, study and control group. Caregivers of the study group attended seven nursing intervention sessions. Tools: The tools used were (1) An inertviewing questionnaire which include two part; sociodemoghaphic date and medical history for child and thier caregivers (2) Zarit Burden Scale (3) Coping Health Inventory for caregivers parents (CHIP).Results: During the study period, burden decreased in the study group and increased in the control group. Mean burden of care score before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention was 42.2, 33.7, and 25.6, respectively, in the study group and 44.2, 46.1, and 48.5, respectively, in the control group. In addition, the mean burden score in the study group significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (p < .001). Also, coping strategies increased in the study group and decreased in the control group. Mean coping pattern score before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention was 32.8, 47.5, 53.6, respectively, in the study group and 34.7, 30.7 and 26.2, respectively, in the control group. In addition, the mean coping pattern score in the study group significantly improved in comparison with the control group (p < .001).Conclusions: The supportaive nursing intervention can decrease burden in caregivers of children with cancer and consequently improve their methods of coping.

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