scholarly journals Item Desirability Matching in Forced-choice Test Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Pavlov ◽  
Dexin Shi ◽  
ALBERTO MAYDEU-OLIVARES
Keyword(s):  
Test Construction ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perceived Desirability

The forced-choice method has been proposed as a viable strategy to prevent socially desirable responding (SDR) on self-report non-cognitive measures. The ability of the method to eliminate SDR may largely depend on how closely items comprising forced-choice item-blocks are matched in terms of perceived desirability. The gold standard in quantifying similarity between items in terms of desirability has been the mean difference index, that is, the absolute difference between items’ mean desirability ratings. The mean difference index relies on the assumption that items have one “true” desirability value, as represented by their means, and may fail if this assumption does not hold. Instead, we propose indexing within-rater agreement with several robust agreement indices to appropriately quantify similarity between items in terms of desirability (i.e., inter-item agreement). On a set of empirically derived desirability ratings, we show that relying on the mean difference index may lead to suboptimal forced-choice item assembly. Implications of our findings and future research directions are discussed. R code for computing the proposed indices on a set of desirability ratings is provided.

Reconsidering Evolved Sex Differences in Jealousy: Comment on Harris (2003)

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. Sagarin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Psychophysiological Data ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

In a recent article, Harris (2003) concluded that the data do not support the existence of evolved sex differences in jealousy. Harris' review correctly identifies fatal flaws in three lines of evidence (spousal abuse, homicide, morbid jealousy), but her criticism of two other lines of evidence (self-report responses, psychophysiological measures) is based, in part, on a mischaracterization of the evolutionary psychological theory and a misunderstanding of the empirical implications of the theory. When interpreted according to the correct criterion (i.e., an interaction between sex and infidelity type), self-report studies (both forced-choice and non-forced choice) offer strong support for the existence of sex differences in jealousy. Psychophysiological data also offer some support, although these data are weakened by validity-related concerns. In addition, some refutational evidence cited by Harris (responses to real infidelity, responses under cognitive load) actually does not refute the theory. An integrative model that describes how jealousy might result from the interaction of sociocultural variables and evolved sex differences and suggestions for future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Item desirability matching in forced-choice test construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 111114
Author(s):  
Goran Pavlov ◽  
Dexin Shi ◽  
Alberto Maydeu-Olivares ◽  
Amanda Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
Test Construction ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Test

Soft Methods for Automatic Drug Infusion in Medical Care Environment

2015 ◽  
pp. 1384-1408
Author(s):  
Filipe Quinaz ◽  
Paulo Fazendeiro ◽  
Miguel Castelo-Branco ◽  
Pedro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
Infusion Systems ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drug Infusion Systems

The automatic drug infusion in medical care environment remains an elusive goal due to the inherent specificities of the biological systems under control and to subtle shortcomings of the current models. The central aim of this chapter is to present an overview of soft computing techniques and systems that can be used to ameliorate those problems. The applications of control systems in modern medicine are discussed along with several enabling methodologies. The advantages and limitations of automatic drug infusion systems are analyzed. In order to comprehend the evolution of these systems and identify recent advances and research trends, a survey on the hypertension control problem is provided. For illustration, a state-of-the-art automatic drug infusion controller of Sodium Nitroprusside for the mean arterial pressure is described in detail. The chapter ends with final remarks on future research directions towards a fully automated drug infusion system.

Improving registration accuracy during total hip arthroplasty: a cadaver study of a new, 3-D mini-optical navigation system

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Cross ◽  
Ran Schwarzkopf ◽  
Theodore T. Miller ◽  
Eric A. Bogner ◽  
Jeffrey M. Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Registration Error ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Maintaining accuracy of component placement is an important step in ensuring the long-term stability of components during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Computer-assisted navigation has improved accuracy but errors associated with the registration process are known to impact the accuracy of final measurements. The purpose of this cadaver study was to determine the registration error associated with a novel mini-navigation system. Methods: 3 board-certified orthopaedic surgeons performed 4 THA procedures each via the posterolateral approach on 6 cadavers (12 hips) using the mini-navigation tool. Pre- and post-operative radiographs and post-operative computed tomography (CT) images were obtained. Image analysis was performed by 2 radiologists not involved in the surgical procedures. During registration, surgeons aligned the alignment rod with the anterior pelvic plane (APP) to provide a reference plane for comparison with traditional navigation. Cup position from the device was compared with measurements gathered from post-op imaging. Results: The mean difference between CT and device measurements for inclination was -1.7° (standard deviation [SD] 4.9°), while the mean absolute difference was 4.2° (SD 3.2°). The mean difference between anteversion angles calculated from CT scans and from the device was -3.5° (SD 4.5°), with an absolute difference of 4.0° (SD 4.0°). 100% (12/12) of inclination measurements and 92% (11/12) of anteversion measurements fell within both the clinical and statistical limits of agreement when analyzed via the Bland-Altman technique. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the registration error associated with this new mini-navigation system compares favourably with the known registration error associated with traditional navigation systems.

scholarly journals autoFC: An R Package for Automatic Item Pairing in Forced-Choice Test Construction

2021 ◽  
pp. 014662162110517
Author(s):  
Mengtong Li ◽  
Tianjun Sun ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
R Package ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Item Characteristics ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Matching Rules

Recently, there has been increasing interest in adopting the forced-choice (FC) test format in non-cognitive assessments, as it demonstrates faking resistance when well-designed. However, traditional or manual pairing approaches to FC test construction are time- and effort- intensive and often involve insufficient considerations. To address these issues, we developed the new open-source autoFC R package to facilitate automated and optimized item pairing strategies. The autoFC package is intended as a practical tool for FC test constructions. Users can easily obtain automatically optimized FC tests by simply inputting the item characteristics of interest. Customizations are also available for considerations on matching rules and the behaviors of the optimization process. The autoFC package should be of interest to researchers and practitioners constructing FC scales with potentially many metrics to match on and/or many items to pair, essentially exempting users from the burden of manual item pairing and reducing the computational costs and biases induced by simple ranking methods.

scholarly journals Eating patterns in a nationwide sample of Japanese aged 1–79 years from MINNADE study: eating frequency, clock time for eating, time spent on eating and variability of eating patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
M Barbara E Livingstone ◽  
Shizuko Masayasu ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eating Occasions

Abstract Objective: Although there is growing evidence suggesting that eating patterns are important determinants of health status, comprehensive information on patterning of eating behaviours is almost lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe eating patterns in Japan. Design: Information on actual eating behaviours was collected using 2-d dietary record in each season over a year (total 8 d). Eating occasions were defined as any discrete intake occasion (with a discrete start clock time and name) except for eating occasions consisting of water only, which were excluded. Setting: Japan. Participants: A nationwide sample of 4032 Japanese aged 1–79 years. Results: The mean value of eating frequency of meals (i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner), snacks and total eating occasions was 2·94, 1·74 and 4·68 times/d, respectively. The mean clock time for the start of breakfast, lunch and dinner was 07.24, 12.29 and 19.15 h, respectively. The mean time spent consuming breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks was 19, 25, 34 and 27 min/d, respectively. On average, variability (i.e. average of absolute difference from mean) of meal frequency was small compared with that of snack frequency and total eating frequency. Both mean variability of clock time for the start of eating (<1 h) and mean variability of time spent on meals (<10 min/d) were also small. Conversely, mean variability of time spent on snacks was large (>18 min/d). Conclusion: The present findings serve as both a reference and an indication for future research on patterning of eating behaviours.

scholarly journals Comparison of Single-Response Format and Forced-Choice Format Instruments Using Thurstonian Item Response Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Dueber ◽  
Abigail M. A. Love ◽  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
Trisha A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Alternative Response ◽  
Single Response

One of the most cited methodological issues is with the response format, which is traditionally a single-response Likert response format. Therefore, our study aims to elucidate and illustrate an alternative response format and analytic technique, Thurstonian item response theory (IRT), for analyzing data from surveys using an alternate response format, the forced-choice format. Specifically, we strove to give a thorough introduction of Thurstonian IRT at a more elementary level than previous publications in order to widen the possible audience. This article presents analyses and comparison of two versions of a self-report scale, one version using a single-response format and the other using a forced-choice format. Drawing from lessons learned from our study and literature, we present a number of recommendations for conducting research using the forced-choice format and Thurstonian IRT, as well as suggested avenues for future research.

scholarly journals The transformation from task conflict into relationship conflict

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-849
Author(s):  
Youngshik Kim ◽  
Soyoung Kwag ◽  
Yongwon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Evaluation Apprehension ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Practical Implications

Task conflict influences organizational effectiveness differentially based on given contingencies. Effective conflict management is thus necessary in order to properly utilize task conflict in organizations. The present research was conducted to uncover buffer conditions, or moderators that diminish transformation effect of from task conflict into relationship conflict. Specifically, the researchers proposed (1) evaluation apprehension and (2) relational intimacy would buffer the transformation of task conflict into relationship conflict. In the first research, 269 employees participated in self-report survey. The results showed that the transformation of task conflict into relationship conflict more occurred in a evaluation apprehension situation than a non-evaluation apprehension situation and less occurred in a relational intimacy than a relational non-intimacy. The researchers then conducted an experiment on 88 undergraduate students. The results of the second research also indicated that the conflict transformation less occurred in non-evaluation apprehension condition and relational intimacy condition in consistence with study 1. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications, research limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Soft Methods for Automatic Drug Infusion in Medical Care Environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 830-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Quinaz ◽  
Paulo Fazendeiro ◽  
Miguel Castelo-Branco ◽  
Pedro Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques ◽  
Infusion Systems ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drug Infusion Systems

The automatic drug infusion in medical care environment remains an elusive goal due to the inherent specificities of the biological systems under control and to subtle shortcomings of the current models. The central aim of this chapter is to present an overview of soft computing techniques and systems that can be used to ameliorate those problems. The applications of control systems in modern medicine are discussed along with several enabling methodologies. The advantages and limitations of automatic drug infusion systems are analyzed. In order to comprehend the evolution of these systems and identify recent advances and research trends, a survey on the hypertension control problem is provided. For illustration, a state-of-the-art automatic drug infusion controller of Sodium Nitroprusside for the mean arterial pressure is described in detail. The chapter ends with final remarks on future research directions towards a fully automated drug infusion system.

scholarly journals Repeatability and comparability of simulated K values between a grid projection-based device and a Placido/dual Scheimpflug device

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-280
Author(s):  
Julian Matius Tagal
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and comparability of simulated K values obtained by the Galilei G4 Corneal Tomographer and the iDesign Wavefront Abberometer. Methods: The right eyes of 100 consecutive pre-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) patients were included in this study. Patients with a history or signs of previous corneal or ocular trauma and infection were excluded. Paired corneal measurements for flat (K1) and steep (K2) meridians were obtained with both the Galilei and the iDesign. Repeatability was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) of the paired measurements. The comparability between platforms was evaluated by calculation of the mean differences followed by the construction of Bland-Altman plots and calculation of limits of agreement (LOA). Results: While the mean CV for both devices was low (0.17% versus 0.57% for the Galilei and iDesign, respectively), a large proportion of eyes measured by the iDesign (22%) showed an absolute difference of > 0.5 D between paired readings, compared to 1% as measured by the Galilei. The Galilei consistently measured higher than the iDesign. Although the mean difference did not exceed 0.17 D, the LOAs were unacceptablywide at -0.52 D to 0.85 D and -0.69 D to 0.89 D for K1 and K2, respectively. Conclusion: As regards keratometry, the iDesign demonstrated clinically unacceptable repeatability. Both platforms demonstrated sufficiently wide LOA that we could not recommend that they are used interchangeably.

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