scholarly journals I overthink—therefore I am not: Altered Sense of Self in Depersonalisation Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ciaunica ◽  
Casper Hesp ◽  
Anil Seth ◽  
Jakub Limanowski ◽  
Karl Friston
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mental Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Physiological Abnormalities ◽  
Sensory Attenuation

This paper considers the phenomenology of depersonalisation disorder, in relation to predictive processing and its associated pathophysiology. To do this, we first establish a few mechanistic tenets of predictive processing that are necessary to talk about phenomenal transparency, mental action, and self as subject. We briefly review the important role of ‘predicting precision’ and how this affords mental action and the loss of phenomenal transparency. We then turn to sensory attenuation and the phenomenal consequences of (pathophysiological) failures to attenuate or modulate sensory precision. We then consider this failure in the context of depersonalisation disorder. The key idea here is that depersonalisation disorder reflects the remarkable capacity to explain perceptual engagement with the world via the hypothesis that “I am an embodied perceiver, but I am not in control of my perception”. We suggest that individuals with depersonalisation may believe that ‘another agent’ is controlling their thoughts, perceptions or actions, while maintaining full insight that the ‘another agent’ is ‘me’ (the self). Finally, we rehearse the predictions of this formal analysis, with a special focus on the psychophysical and physiological abnormalities that may underwrite the phenomenology of depersonalisation.

scholarly journals ‘Do you mean I’m not whole?’: Exploring the role of support in women’s experiences of mastectomy without reconstruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Archer ◽  
Fiona G Holland ◽  
Jane Montague
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Positive Support ◽  
Unilateral Mastectomy

This study explores the role of others in supporting younger women who opt not to reconstruct their breast post-mastectomy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six women diagnosed with breast cancer in their 30s/40s. The women lived in England, had been diagnosed a minimum of 5 years previously and had undergone unilateral mastectomy. An interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three themes: Assuring the self: ‘I’ll love you whatever’, Challenging the self: ‘Do you mean I’m not whole?’ and Accepting the self: ‘I’ve come out the other side’. The women’s experiences of positive support and challenges to their sense of self are discussed.

The Sentimental Self

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-560
Author(s):  
Joseph Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Object A ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Sentimentality is usually thought of as a mild vice. Unlike such vices as cruelty, dishonesty, or contemptuousness, sentimentality appears to affect only the individuals who have it, and then, not very adversely. So what if we indulge our taste for prematurely dying heroines or stoic, sweet-natured children? Shedding a tear or feeling a diffuse affection does not seem to hurt anyone, not even ourselves. But because of its impact on the self, sentimentality is a more serious vice than might be suspected.Regardless of the immediate object of our sentimental gaze, the self is also sentimentalized. The self is not only the subject engaged in sentimentalizing activity, but also its mediated object. A sentimentalized sense of self discourages activity and keeps us from dealing with the world directly. The distortion of and absorption in the self is dangerous for sentimental individuals and those with whom they interact. To see why, we must examine the structuring of perception, thought, and emotion which makes up sentimentality. Our inquiry will be sharpened by reference to literary depictions which reflect or encourage sentimental response. Versing us in the ways of sentimentality, some literature may generate our everyday patterns of sentimentalized thought and feeling.

The Bodily Self

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Selection Of

How can we be aware of ourselves both as physical objects and as thinking, experiencing subjects? What role does the experience of the body play in generating our sense of self? What is the role of action and agency in the construction of the bodily self? These questions have been a rich subject of interdisciplinary debate among philosophers, neuroscientists, experimental psychologists, and cognitive scientists for several decades. José Luis Bermúdez been a significant contributor to these debates since the 1990’s, when he authored The Paradox of Self-Consciousness (MIT Press, 1998) and co-edited The Body and the Self (MIT Press, 1995) with Anthony Marcel and Naomi Eilan. The Bodily Self is a selection of essays all focused on different aspects of the role of the body in self-consciousness, prefaced by a substantial introduction outlining common themes across the essays. The essays have been published in a wide range of journals and edited volumes. Putting them together brings out a wide-ranging, thematically consistent perspective on a set of topics and problems that remain firmly of interest across the cognitive and behavioral sciences.

Adolescent Girls Finding Purpose: The Role of Parents and Prosociality

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belle Liang ◽  
Terese Lund ◽  
Angela Mousseau ◽  
Allison E. White ◽  
Renée Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
The Self ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Adolescent Thriving

Scholars have differentiated other-oriented (OO) purpose (i.e., a personally meaningful life aim intended to contribute to the world beyond the self) and self-oriented (SO) purpose (i.e., a personally meaningful life aim without intention to contribute beyond the self). OO purpose is associated with adolescent thriving, yet little is known about how to cultivate it. In a study of 207 adolescent girls, we examined how positive parent–adolescent relationships may contribute to developing OO versus SO purpose; we also tested whether the association between parent–adolescent relationships and OO purpose was mediated by prosocial behavior.

scholarly journals Leadership for the church: The shepherd model

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thomas Resane
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Training ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mission Of God ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

The scope of this article is to expand the shepherd model of leadership functions as portrayed by the shepherd metaphor. The identification and the biblical usage of the shepherd and the sheep is explored, with special focus on the role of the shepherd. This role is identified as that of caring, courage, and guidance. The caring function includes activities such as restoration, feeding, watering, grooming, shearing, delivering lambs, leading, and protection. The function of courage focuses on activities of assuming responsibility, serving and participating in change. The function of guidance gives a special highlight on hodegos [leader or guide] – to lead or to guide in regard to a decision or future course of action. This is where the leadership training is based. The conclusion is the call for leaders in the ecclesiastical community to pursue the shepherd-leader model for the advance and the effectiveness of the mission Dei [mission of God] in the world.

A Perspective on Epistemology and Ontology of Indian Psychology

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharm P. S. Bhawuk
Keyword(s):  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
World View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Indian Psychology ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Criteria

The epistemology of Indian Psychology (IP) is akin to that of Indian Philosophy or in general the Indian world view of knowledge, truth and belief about making sense of the self and the world. In this article, the epistemological and ontological foundations of IP are derived from a verse from the Ishopanishad and corroborated by verses from the Bhagavad-Gita. In doing so, epistemological questions like what is knowledge in IP or what knowledge (or theories) should IP develop and how (the methodology) are answered. Similarly, ontological questions like what is the being that is the focus of IP research or are biomechanical or spiritual-social-biological beings of interest to IP are addressed. The simplicity and clarity of this derivation fulfils the twin research criteria of parsimony and aesthetics. The role of epistemology and ontology in constructing cultural meaning for theory, method and practice of IP is discussed.

scholarly journals Social media and youth: the risk of radicalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The purpose of this article is the socio-psychological analysis of the process of radicalization of young people through the use of social media. The article considers the role of social networks in the life of modern youth, touches upon the problem of "clip" consciousness in the perception of media space, and analyzes the features of the radicalization process through the use of modern media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook.It is noted that online chats today are a key tool for radicalization of young people. It is emphasized that social media contribute to the fact that young people have a distorted picture of the world, which ultimately contributes to the loss of a sense of self-identification and the emergence of uncertainty. Extremism and radicalization are considered as a way to overcome uncertainty in the modern world, as well as an attempt to solve the lack of time. The article discusses that the state of boredom and a sense of uncertainty are fertile ground for radicalization of young people.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND PECULIARITIES OF BUILDING A PERSONAL MYTH IN TEEN AGE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
Personal Myth ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the attention to the deep essence of myth as a scientific phenomenon, which is the primary form of awareness of the world both in ontogenesis and in human phylogenesis. The myth is interpreted as a special way of mastering the world, which directly affects the socialization of an individual at different stages of his development. The features of the influence of family myth as the initial form of personality mythologization on the formation of a teenager’s own myth are studied. The existence of such function as the mythologization of family stories and stories in the structure of personality consciousness determines the constructive or destructive possibilities of forming own image, and in general can affect the assimilation and use of basic behavioral patterns of personality. The role of an adolescent’s self-relation to the formation of a personal myth is clarified, which is expressed in the context of a person’s ideas about the content of the “Self” as a generalized sense of self. Adolescence is sensitive to the development of self-identity and the development of reflection as an indisputable thought process that is aimed at self-awareness, analysis and understanding of all components of a person’s life, which include: actions, speech, feelings, abilities, interpersonal relationships, character and so on. A generalized description of the components of the structure of mythological consciousness is provided: the awareness of attitudes, restructuring of stereotypes, reflexive ability, as a qualitatively new level of personality selfawareness, as a stage of growing up. The factors contributing to the formation of an effective personal myth, as well as the factors of the problem of formation of an effective personal myth among teens, are identified. It is shown that the existence of such a function as the mythologization of family stories and stories in the structure of family consciousness may be similar to the function of socio-cultural myth, expressed in a smaller format, which determines constructively or destructively the possibilities of forming someone’s own image, and in general can influence and cause the use of basic behavioral patterns of personality.

scholarly journals To-Do Is to Be: Foucault, Levinas, and Technologically Mediated Subjectivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Peter Bergen ◽  
Peter-Paul Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Self Care ◽  
The Self ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
Technological Mediation ◽  
Technologies Of The Self ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Ethical Subjectivity ◽  
The World

AbstractThe theory of technological mediation aims to take technological artifacts seriously, recognizing the constitutive role they play in how we experience the world, act in it, and how we are constituted as (moral) subjects. Its quest for a compatible ethics has led it to Foucault’s “care of the self,” i.e., a transformation of the self by oneself through self-discipline. In this regard, technologies have been interpreted as power structures to which one can relate through Foucaultian “technologies of the self” or ascetic practices. However, this leaves unexplored how concrete technologies can actually support the process of self-care. This paper explores this possibility by examining one such technology: a gamified To-Do list app. Doing so, it first shows that despite the apparent straightforwardness of gamification, confrontation and shame play an important role in how the app motivates me to do better. Second, inspired by Ihde’s schema of human-technology relations, it presents different ways in which the app may confront me with myself. Subsequently, it accounts for the motivation and shame that this technologically mediated confrontation with myself invokes through a Levinasian account of ethical subjectivity. In so doing, it also shows how Levinas’ phenomenology implies a responsibility for self-care and how nonhuman, technological others may still call me to responsibility. It concludes with a reflection on the role of gamification in technologically mediated subjectivation and some implications for design.

scholarly journals Naïve to expert: Considering the role of previous knowledge in memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239821282094868
Author(s):  
Alejandra Alonso ◽  
Jacqueline van der Meij ◽  
Dorothy Tse ◽  
Lisa Genzel
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Time Point

In humans, most of our new memories are in some way or another related to what we have already experienced. However, in memory research, especially in non-human animal research, subjects are often mostly naïve to the world. But we know that previous knowledge will change how memories are processed and which brain areas are critical at which time point. Each process from encoding, consolidation, to memory retrieval will be affected. Here, we summarise previous knowledge effects on the neurobiology of memory in both humans and non-human animals, with a special focus on schemas – associative network structures. Furthermore, we propose a new theory on how there may be a continuous gradient from naïve to expert, which would modulate the importance and role of brain areas, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

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