scholarly journals The Placement of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Within a Five-Factor Model of Maladaptive Personality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Emerson Cooper ◽  
Christopher Hunt ◽  
Sara O'Brien ◽  
Hannah Berg ◽  
Shmuel Lissek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Total N ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Pathological Behavior ◽  
Personality Models

Dimensional models of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, as seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), are instrumental in explaining the heterogeneity observed in this condition and have received considerable empirical support. Normative models of personality partially align with OC symptoms; however, maladaptive personality models present a more compelling approach because of their direct relevance to pathological behavior. Prior efforts to map OC symptoms to maladaptive personality space, as operationalized by the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD), find these symptoms cross-load under both Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism traits. However, tests of OC symptoms in conjunction with the full AMPD structure, and its 25 lower-level facets, are lacking. We applied joint exploratory factor analysis to an AMPD instrument, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and OC symptom data from two separate samples (total N=1506) to locate OC symptoms within AMPD space. As expected, OC symptoms cross-loaded on Negative Affectivity, Psychoticism and on the low-end of Disinhibition. OC symptoms more strongly loaded on Psychoticism across samples, suggesting structural relations between OCD and psychotic experiences are stronger than DSM models imply. Facet loadings largely resembled the canonical PID-5 structure. A notable exception was that two Psychoticism facets (Perceptual Dysregulation and Unusual Beliefs/Experiences) more closely tracked OC symptom loadings. We also report exploratory analyses of OC symptom subscales (e.g., obsessing, ordering, checking) with PID-5 variables. Results are discussed in the context of the placement of OC symptoms/OCD in PID-5 space and within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, an ongoing effort to improve psychopathology classification.

Applying the Five-Factor Model of Personality to the Exploration of the Construct of Risk-Taking in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare S. Rees ◽  
Rebecca A. Anderson ◽  
Sarah J. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
A Current

Although there has been a long interest in the personality traits associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), few studies have examined differences on normal, dimensional personality traits for individuals with OCD compared with other clinical disorders. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend upon the work of Rector et al. (2002) who found unique associations between OCD and trait domains and facets of the five-factor model of personality (FFM) when compared with a clinical sample of depressed individuals. The current study compared individuals with a current diagnosis of OCD (n=21) with individuals with a current diagnosis of anxiety or depression but no OCD symptoms (n=39) on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R Form S). Of particular interest was whether individuals with OCD would differ from other clinically anxious/depressed individuals on the actions facet of the FFM, as this facet is known to be related to harm and risk avoidance, and previous research suggests specific relationships between these forms of avoidance and OCD. Individuals with OCD were found to have lower scores on the actions, competence and self-discipline facets. These results add further support to previous research that suggests unique associations between trait domains and facets of the FFM and OCD.

Complexities in Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Hair Pulling Disorder ◽  
Excoriation Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) have received considerable attention over the past two decades, culminating with the inclusion of a new classification category of “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders” in the DSM-5. This group of conditions includes obsessive-compulsive disorder along with two newly minted conditions (hoarding disorder and excoriation disorder) and others previously classified as somatoform disorders (body dysmorphic disorder) and impulse control disorders (hair-pulling disorder). In addition, other conditions that are not discussed in the DSM-5 have received attention, such as misophonia and orthorexia nervosa. The implications for research on these conditions, as well as their relations with one another, are significant since their aggregation is based on putative central mechanisms with limited empirical support to date. Indeed, the past decades have seen a dramatic surge in research on OCRDs across several domains, including clinical phenomenology, assessment, and psychological therapies. With these issues in mind, this comprehensive text addresses recent advances in the field of OCRDs, highlighting psychosocial theoretical and intervention approaches. As researchers and clinicians will be increasingly focused on this topic in light of the changes to DSM-5, this book is a timely addition to the literature in guiding clinicians in advances in OCRDs that will impact their practice.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

2012 ◽  
pp. 565-581
Author(s):  
Jack Samuels ◽  
Paul T. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder ◽  
Over Time

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has been described in the clinical literature for over 100 years. Although the specific traits included in the construct have changed over time, there is remarkable consistency in the core concept. OCPD is clinically significant, given its relatively high prevalence in the community, its frequent co-occurrence with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders, and treatment challenges. Although OCPD can be quite severe, it is generally less impairing than other personality disorders in the clinic, and it has not been found to be strongly related to functional impairment in the community. OCPD has excellent construct validity, but concerns have been raised about the stability over time and the reliability of assessment. OCPD may be alternatively construed dimensionally, with high conscientiousness as an important feature. Like other personality disorders, OCPD is better understood and described in terms of a combination of traits or facets rather than as reflecting a single domain of personality. In this regard, a number of studies illuminate the contribution of high neuroticism, low openness to actions and values, low agreeableness, and low extraversion facets of warmth and positive emotions. Finally, there are many advantages to tying personality disorders, and especially OCPD, to established dimensions of general personality because a great deal is already known about the dimensions of the Five-Factor Model.

An Integration of Normal and Abnormal Personality Structure: The Five-Factor Model

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Douglas B. Samuel ◽  
Stephanie Mullins-Sweatt ◽  
Whitney L. Gore ◽  
Cristina Crego
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification

It is evident that the conceptualization, diagnosis, and classification of personality disorder is shifting toward a dimensional model and, more specifically, the Five-Factor Model (FFM) in particular. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the FFM of personality disorder. It will begin with a description of this dimensional model of normal and abnormal personality functioning, along with a brief overview of its empirical support. This will be followed by a discussion of its potential advantages, and a comparison with the current proposals for DSM-5.

Cross-Cultural Approach to Anxiety Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-760
Author(s):  
William Eysenck ◽  
Michael W. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences

In his theory of anxiety disorders, Eysenck (1997) argued that focus on one's own behavior is associated with social phobia, whereas focus on future-oriented threat cognitions is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. These foci occur in part because social phobics tend to be introverted and obsessive-compulsives either perceive themselves as having onerous responsibilities or actually do have them (e.g., women with infants). These assumptions have empirical support (Eysenck). We can use the theory to predict cross-cultural differences in anxiety disorders. Social phobia should be more common in introverted cultures. We correlated lifetime incidence of social phobia (data: Wittchen & Fehm, 2001) with extraversion (data: Steel & Ones, 2002) across several countries, obtaining the predicted negative correlation (-0.35). We will expand the database to establish definitively the strength of this association. We will also explore the prediction that people in individualistic countries (emphasizing personal responsibility) have a higher incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder than those in collectivistic countries, a prediction receiving preliminary support (e.g., Essau, Sakano, Ishikawa, & Sasagawa, 2004).

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