scholarly journals Conceptions of National Identity and Opposition to Bicultural Policies in New Zealand: A Comparison of Majority and Minority Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran ◽  
Chris G Sibley
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Nationally Representative

Using a nationally representative sample, the present research tested whether conceptions of national identity differentially predicted attitudes toward bicultural policies among New Zealanders of European, Māori, Asian, and Pacific descent. A series of multi-group structural equation models revealed that among members of the majority group and all minority groups, endorsement of a civic conception of national identity (i.e., respecting political institutions and laws) was related to opposition to resource policies, but such a relationship was especially strong among the majority group. By contrast, endorsement of an ethnic conception of national identity (i.e., having Māori or European ancestry) was related to support for resource and symbolic policies among minority group members, but to opposition to the same policies among the majority group. The present work documents that belonging to a majority vs. minority group moderates the relations between conceptions of national identity (civic vs. ethnic) and support or opposition to specific bicultural policies. In addition, some elements of civic conceptions of national identity may legitimize inequalities rather than reduce them.

scholarly journals Interethnic Relations in a Changing Political Context

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Katarzyna Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Multiple Groups

The aim of this study was to examine evaluations of multiple groups by both ethnic majority-group (Dutch) and minority-group (Turkish-Dutch) members during a turbulent political period in the Netherlands, marked by the rapid rise and subsequent decline of a new-rightist, populist movement. The analysis of cross-sectional data from three periods (2001 to 2003) showed clear changes in these evaluations. As expected, both the Dutch and the Turkish participants showed higher ingroup identification and ingroup evaluation in 2002 than in 2001 and 2003. In addition, in 2002 the Dutch participants evaluated the Islamic outgroups (Turks and Moroccans) more negatively, whereas their evaluation of other ethnic minority groups did not differ across the three years. In contrast, Turkish participants evaluated all ethnic outgroups, including the Dutch and the Moroccans, more negatively in 2002. We conclude that it is important to study ethnic relations across time, in relation to political circumstances, from the perspective of both majority- and minority-group members, and in relation to different ethnic outgroups.

scholarly journals The role of optimal conditions and intergroup contact in promoting positive intergroup relations in and out of the workplace: A study with ethnic majority and minority workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022110109
Author(s):  
Gian Antonio Di Bernardo ◽  
Loris Vezzali ◽  
Michèle D. Birtel ◽  
Sofia Stathi ◽  
Barbara Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Positive Contact

A field study was conducted with majority and minority group members to test whether the effects of optimal contact conditions and of intergroup contact generalize across situations, and extend to the support of intergroup equality in terms of agreement with social policies benefitting the minority group. Participants were 163 Italian and 129 immigrant workers in three corporate organizations. Results from structural equation modelling analyses revealed that, for the majority group, positive contact stemming from optimal contact conditions was indirectly associated, via reduction in negative stereotypes, with more positive behavior that generalized across situations. For both majority and minority groups, positive contact stemming from optimal contact conditions was associated with less negative stereotypes, and in turn with greater support for social policies favoring the minority. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, also in relation to the significance of the present results for research investigating the relation between intergroup contact and social change.

Influence of Cognitive Development, Self-competency, and Teacher Evaluations on the Development of Children’s Racial Identity

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Corenblum ◽  
R. C. Annis ◽  
J. S. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Teacher Evaluations ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Group Members

Levels of cognitive development and perceived self-competencies have been shown to predict attitudes held by children in both minority and majority groups toward own-group members. Teacher appraisals may also influence children’s own-group attitudes by enforcing category-based expectancies and stereotypes about children’s group membership. To test this idea, White and Native Indian children in kindergarten, grades 1 and 2, answered recognition, similarity, and evaluation questions by pointing to pictures of Whites, Natives, and Blacks. Measures of children’s concrete operational thought and self-competency were obtained, as were classroom teacher ratings, of each child’s cognitive ability, peer acceptance, and physical development. Structural equation models indicated that teacher evaluations predicted White children’s, but not Native children’s own-group attitudes. Teacher ratings of Native children’s competencies did not predict minority children’s attitudes about themselves or own-group members. Implications of these findings for teacher expectancy effects and factors influencing teacher’s judgements of majority and minority group children were discussed.

scholarly journals The Missing Side of Acculturation: How Majority-Group Members Relate to Immigrant and Minority-Group Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Group Members

In many countries, individuals who have represented the majority group historically are decreasing in relative size and/or perceiving that they have diminished status and power compared to those identifying as immigrants or members of ethnic minority groups. These developments raise several salient and timely issues including: (a) how majority-group members’ cultural orientations change as a consequence of increasing intercultural contact due to shifting demographics; (b) what individual, group, cultural and socio-structural processes shape these changes; and (c) the implications of majority-group members’ acculturation. Although research across several decades has examined the acculturation of individuals identifying as minority-group members, much less is known about how majority-group members acculturate in increasingly diverse societies. We present an overview of the state of the art in the emerging field of majority-group acculturation, identify what is known and needs to be known, and introduce a conceptual model guiding future research.

scholarly journals Outgroup morality perceptions mediate secondary transfer effects from direct and extended contact: Evidence from majority and minority group members

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1066-1084
Author(s):  
Loris Vezzali ◽  
Gian Antonio Di Bernardo ◽  
Michèle D. Birtel ◽  
Sofia Stathi ◽  
Marco Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Secondary Transfer ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Group Members ◽  
First Time ◽  
Underlying Processes

The secondary transfer effect (STE), defined as contact with a primary outgroup improving attitudes towards a secondary outgroup uninvolved in contact, has mainly been studied with reference to direct contact and considering attitude generalization as the main mediating mechanism. Using a majority (422 Italians) and minority (130 immigrants) adolescent sample from high schools in Italy, we examined outgroup morality perceptions as a new mediating mechanism, and tested for the first time whether the STE emerges for extended contact. Results revealed that the STE emerged for direct contact among the majority group and for extended contact among the minority group, and it was sequentially mediated by perceptions of morality towards the primary outgroup, and by attitudes towards the primary outgroup and perceptions of morality towards the secondary outgroup. The STE also emerged for direct contact among the minority group, with morality perceptions towards the secondary outgroup and attitudes towards the primary outgroup being parallel mediators. We discuss the theoretical implications of the findings, arguing that it is important to identify the conditions and underlying processes of the STE in order to reduce prejudice in the case of both majority and minority groups.

scholarly journals Do We Stand Together? The Role of Perceived Personal and Group Threats in Predicting the Majority’s (Un)willingness to Confront Injustice on Behalf of a Minority

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göksu Celikkol ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti ◽  
Tuuli Anna Renvik ◽  
Raivo Vetik ◽  
David Lackland Sam
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Personal Threat ◽  
Perceived Ethnic Discrimination

Purpose: By utilizing data from Estonia, Finland, and Norway, this study explores how the perceptions of personal and group realistic threats, namely perceived ethnic discrimination and economic insecurity among national majorities, predict their unwillingness to confront injustice on behalf of Russian-speaking minority groups.Background: Previous research on collective action to promote minorities’ rights and social standing has focused either on minorities’ own actions or factors promoting the willingness of majority group members to engage in collective action on behalf of minorities. In contrast, factors explaining the reluctance of majority group members to engage in collective action on behalf of minority groups have remained less explored. For example, studies have then ignored that the majority members may also feel threatened and may be economically insecure. Furthermore, the possible discrepancy between perceived personal vs. in-group’s situation may influence majority group members’ (un)willingness to confront injustice on behalf of a minority group.Method: We employed polynomial regression with response surface analysis to analyze data gathered among national majority members in three countries (N = 1,341).Results: Perceived personal and group realistic threats were associated with heightened unwillingness to confront injustice on behalf of the Russian-speaking minority. Furthermore, participants were more unwilling to confront injustice when they perceived more group than personal threat.Conclusion: We found that majority group members’ (un)willingness to confront injustice on behalf of the minority is related to how secure they perceive their own and their group status. Our results contribute to previous research by pointing out the important drawbacks of majorities’ support for minorities’ wish for social change.

scholarly journals Understanding and Promoting Racial Diversity in Healthcare Settings to Address Disparities in Pandemic Crisis Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110183
Author(s):  
Azza Sarfraz ◽  
Zouina Sarfraz ◽  
Alanna Barrios ◽  
Kuchalambal Agadi ◽  
Sindhu Thevuthasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Majority Group

Background: Health disparities have become apparent since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. When observing racial discrimination in healthcare, self-reported incidences, and perceptions among minority groups in the United States suggest that, the most socioeconomically underrepresented groups will suffer disproportionately in COVID-19 due to synergistic mechanisms. This study reports racially-stratified data regarding the experiences and impacts of different groups availing the healthcare system to identify disparities in outcomes of minority and majority groups in the United States. Methods: Studies were identified utilizing PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO search engines without date and language restrictions. The following keywords were used: Healthcare, raci*, ethnic*, discriminant, hosti*, harass*, insur*, education, income, psychiat*, COVID-19, incidence, mortality, mechanical ventilation. Statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager (RevMan V.5.4). Unadjusted Odds Ratios, P-values, and 95% confidence intervals were presented. Results: Discrimination in the United States is evident among racial groups regarding medical care portraying mental risk behaviors as having serious outcomes in the health of minority groups. The perceived health inequity had a low association to the majority group as compared to the minority group (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.78; P = .007), and the association of mental health problems to the Caucasian-American majority group was low (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.58; P < .001). Conclusion: As the pandemic continues into its next stage, efforts should be taken to address the gaps in clinical training and education, and medical practice to avoid the recurring patterns of racial health disparities that become especially prominent in community health emergencies. A standardized tool to assess racial discrimination and inequity will potentially improve pandemic healthcare delivery.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Correlations between Traits of Metabolic Syndrome and CKD

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1590-1596
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Istiak Bhuiyan ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Patrik K. E. Magnusson ◽  
Per Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Genes And Environment

Background and objectivesMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors associated with CKD. By studying the genetic and environmental influences on how traits of metabolic syndrome correlate with CKD, the understanding of the etiological relationships can be improved.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsFrom the population-based TwinGene project within the Swedish Twin Registry, 4721 complete twin pairs (9442 European ancestry participants) were included in this cross-sectional twin study. Metabolic syndrome-related continuous traits were measured, and the binary components as well as the status of metabolic syndrome were defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The eGFR was calculated by cystatin C-based equations from the CKD epidemiology collaboration group, and CKD was defined by eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Genetic and environmental contributions to the correlations between traits of metabolic syndrome and CKD were estimated by using twin-based bivariate structural equation models.ResultsThe correlation between metabolic syndrome and eGFR-defined CKD was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.12 to 0.20), out of which 51% (95% CI, 12% to 90%) was explained by genes, whereas 15% (95% CI, 0% to 42%) and 34% (95% CI, 16% to 52%) was explained by the shared and nonshared environment, respectively. The genetic and environmental correlations between metabolic syndrome and CKD were 0.29 (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.51) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.41), respectively. For the correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR, 69% (95% CI, 10% to 100%) was explained by genes and 23% (95% CI, 5% to 41%) was explained by environment. The genetic correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR was −0.30 (95% CI, −0.54 to −0.06), whereas the environmental correlation was −0.14 (95% CI, −0.22 to −0.06).ConclusionsBoth genes and environment contribute to the correlation between metabolic syndrome and eGFR-defined CKD. The genetic contribution is particularly important to the correlation between abdominal obesity and eGFR.

scholarly journals Keep a Stiff Upper Lip or Wear Your Heart on Your Sleeve? Ethnic Identity and Emotion Management among Arab/Palestinians in Israel

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Feinstein ◽  
Maha Shehade Switat
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Palestinians In Israel ◽  
Subjective Identity

This study examines how emotion management is linked to subjective identity among members of ethnic minority groups in ethnically mixed workplaces. Data were drawn from interviews with Arab/Palestinian citizen residents of Israel. The results reveal three distinct strategies of emotion management: (1) Arab/Palestinians, regardless of their subjective identity, tend to conceal emotions during interactions with majority group members; (2) individuals who identify as ‘Arab’ also tend to regulate social interactions to avoid the emotional risks that accompany interactions with majority group members; (3) those who choose a ‘Palestinian’ label are more likely to actively express their ethnic identities despite the emotional risks associated with this type of identification. The findings suggest that emotion management is influenced not only by a person’s assignment to a social minority category (the emphasis of previous research), but also by a person’s subjectively defined identity.

It's Not Us, It's You: Why Isn't Research on Minority Workers Appearing in Our “Top-Tier” Journals?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Diaz ◽  
Mindy E. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Minority Workers

Ruggs et al. (2013) argued that industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists have “gone fishing” insofar as we (as a field) have neglected conducting research on minority groups in the workplace. They offer interesting and insightful suggestions for researching the seven groups named in their paper. We believe that many of these ideas can be extended to other minority groups as well. It is our sincere hope that the focal article will attract the attention of both new and established researchers interested in studying minority group members' experiences in the workplace. We also hope that the article will validate and motivate researchers who already study these issues and confirm the importance of including minority perspectives in the I–O literature.

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