scholarly journals Perceived fatigue does not alter effort-based decision making, but does undermine confidence in the ability to perform physical actions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Greenhouse-Tucknott ◽  
James Graeme Wrightson ◽  
Sam Berens ◽  
Jeanne Dekerle ◽  
Neil Andrew Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Evaluative Processes

Introduction: Protracted physical exertion leads to the development of fatigue. The development of fatigue has previously been associated with increased effort costs, influencing decisions to engage in further physical activity. However, whether fatigue-associated changes to effort-based decisions are reflective of a global aversion to effort in response to fatiguing physical exertion, affecting the decision to engage in physical action performed in other parts of the body, is unclear. Methods: To investigate this, we tested whether effort-based choice behaviour was altered by fatigue, pre-induced through physical exertion of a different body part. Twenty-two healthy male participants made a series of choices between two rewarded actions, which varied in both the level of effort required (relative duration of a submaximal contraction of the dominant knee extensors) and reward obtained (monetary incentives). Participants made their choice under two conditions: 1) a pre-induced state of fatigue and 2) a rested (control) state. Results: Across conditions, participants’ choice behaviour demonstrated the anticipated aversion to effort that interacted with the level of reward on offer. However, though prior physical exertion increased the perception of fatigue, prolonged choice selection-time and reduced self-reported confidence in ability to perform chosen effort-demanding actions, participants choice behaviour did not significantly differ between the two conditions. Conclusions:. The findings suggest that a subjective state of fatigue does not increase the general cost of exerting effort across the body but does increase uncertainty within decision-making processes which may alter evaluative processes that precede changes in cost/benefit computations.

(Re)Designing Business Processes Using Markov Theory and Constrained State, Transition and Actor Role Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Process Redesign ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

Decision-making processes are the utmost important to steer the organizational change whenever business process workarounds are attempted during operational times. However, to decide the non-compliant situations, e.g., bypasses, social resistance, or collusion; the business manager demands contextualized and correct interpretations of the existing business process redesign options to cope with workarounds. This article explores the need to aid the decision-making process with a full constructional perspective to optimize the business processes redesign. So, the Markov decision process is combined with the body of knowledge of business processes, in specific, the concepts of designing enterprise-wide business transactions. This methodology supports the management initiatives with more knowledge about the value of business processes redesign. A classical chain of Order-to-Cash business processes (the order, the production, the distribution and the selling of goods) illustrate the benefits of this quantitative approach. Results obtained for business processes redesign in reaction to workarounds are reported. The analysis results show that this approach can anticipate the sub-optimal solutions before taking actions and highlights the impact of discount factors in the final obtained value. The contribution of this novel conceptual integration to the business processes community is the forecast of value function of business transaction redesign options when facing non-compliant workarounds. From related literature, business processes compliance usually comprises offline computation and the redesign is only considered in the forthcoming business processes instances. This article is innovative in the sense that it anticipates the value impact of a redesign, allowing more effective decisions to be taken.

Decision-Making Methods in MIS Outsourcing

2011 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Jeanette Nasem Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter commences with a discussion of corporate and government decision-making processes and the management sciences that support development of decisions. Special decision-making considerations, trade-offs analyses, and cost-benefit studies all figure into decisions that result in outsourcing. Technologies that support different methods of decision-making include data warehouses and data mining, rules-based logic, heuristical processes, fuzzy logic, and expert-based reasoning are presented. The chapter presents case studies and current and evolving technologies. The following sections will address the decision-making methods that are used in considering, executing and monitoring outsourced MIS projects or in service lines related to provision of information services in the organization.

scholarly journals S119. A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING COST-BENEFIT DECISION-MAKING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND DEPRESSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S80-S80
Author(s):  
Sarah Saperia ◽  
Daniel Felsky ◽  
Susana Da Silva ◽  
Ishraq Siddiqui ◽  
Zafiris Daskalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reward Magnitude ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relevant Cost

Abstract Background Reductions in motivation figure prominently in the clinical presentation of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). One critical nexus in the motivation system that drives real-world behaviour is effort-based decision-making (EBDM), which refers to the cost-benefit calculations involved in computing the amount of effort one is willing to expend in order to obtain a desired reward. Important individual differences are associated with these processes, and impairments in motivation can arise if any relevant cost-benefit information is not properly computed, appraised, or integrated. Thus, in order to better understand the computations guiding choice behaviour, the present study sought to utilize a more person-centric approach to characterize individual differences in the effort-cost computations that underlie cost-benefit decision-making in individuals with SZ and MDD. Methods A sample of 51 individuals with SZ, 43 individuals with MDD, and 51 healthy control (HC) participants underwent a comprehensive clinical and cognitive characterization, and completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) as a measure of EBDM. Random effects modelling was conducted to estimate the subject-specific predictors of reward magnitude, probability, and perceived cost on choice behaviour. Cluster analysis was subsequently applied to these predictors in order to identify subtypes of impairments within the entire sample, irrespective of diagnostic status. Results Data-driven cluster analysis identified unique subgroups of individuals with distinct patterns of utilizing cost-benefit information to guide effort-based decision-making. Analyses of variance revealed significant differences between clusters with respect to their utilization of reward (F (3, 133) = 51.58, p < .001), probability (F (3, 133) = 48.71, p < .001), and cost (F (3, 133) = 45.24, p < .001). The first cluster was characterized by an indifference to all cost-benefit information, the second cluster was more influenced by perceived cost, the third cluster demonstrated a preference for reward-based information, and the fourth cluster mainly utilized probability to guide their decision-making. While the clusters did not differ in their severity of clinical amotivation (p = .11), there was a significant effect for cognition, specifically with impairments in clusters 1 and 2. All diagnostic groups were represented in each cluster, but the distribution of SZ, MDD, and HC participants was significantly different (X2 (6, N = 137) = 16.18, p = .013). Discussion The emergence of four distinct subgroups in our sample suggests that there are individual differences amongst SZ, MDD, and HC participants in their utilization of cost-benefit information to guide choice behaviour. Moreover, with elevated levels of clinical amotivation present in all four clusters, it is possible that these unique cost-benefit decision-making patterns represent different underlying motivational impairments, the nature of which depending on how reward magnitude, probability, and perceived cost are weighed. Thus, by characterizing the specific mechanisms underlying EBDM in SZ and MDD, the results of this work may be able to help guide the identification of more precise targets for the effective treatment of motivation deficits.

Service-choice behaviour modelling constructed with multiple decision-making processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kurosawa ◽  
Ken Nishimatsu ◽  
Motoi Iwashita ◽  
Akiya Inoue ◽  
Moshe E. Ben Akiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Modelling ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Service Choice

scholarly journals Assessing the Broader Value of Planted Forests to Inform Forest Management Decisions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Richard T. Yao ◽  
David J. Palmer ◽  
Tim W. Payn ◽  
Sally Strang ◽  
Colin Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Planted Forest ◽  
Binary Forms ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This study highlights the importance of incorporating objectively quantified, non-market environmental values (such as avoided erosion and carbon sequestration) into land use decision making for sustainable forest management. A continuously developing approach that has facilitated discussions between researchers, industries, and governments on the quantification of non-market values is the ecosystem services (ES) framework. Using a spatial economic tool, called Forest Investment Framework, this study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first assessment of the market (timber) and non-market (carbon sequestration, avoided nitrogen leaching and avoided erosion) ES values of the 1.75 million-hectare New Zealand planted forest estate. To collect the views of key planted forest industry representatives on ES assessment/quantification, we interviewed 14 forest managers representing 60% of the planted forest area. Results from the spatial economic analysis indicated that the non-market ES values can be more than four times the timber profit nationally, and up to 12 times higher in New Zealand’s most erosion-prone region. These estimated values are indicative and should be treated with caution. From a sensitivity analysis, we found that different discount rates significantly impact ES values, ratios, and distributions. Results from the interviews indicated that ES quantification helped inform decision making by supporting license to operate, while also signaling the development of a reward system for sustaining ES. Sixty-four percent of survey respondents identified the importance of quantifying ES in ecological terms and describing other non-market ES in spatial, qualitative, or binary forms. Overall, this study provided evidence of how estimated non-market ES values compare with market values and highlighted the importance of including them in decision making processes. Future cost benefit analyses that incorporate these non-market monetary ES values would complement multi-criteria analysis that integrate additional dimensions and allow decision makers to rank options based on their particular criteria.

scholarly journals ICT-ENABLED APPLICATIONS FOR DECISION-MAKING BY THE COURTS: EXPERIENCES FROM MALAYSIA AND NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Ani Munirah Mohamad ◽  
Ibrahim Sule
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Mobile Phone Applications

In this era of internet-of-things whereby the ICT, internet, and other associated gadgets and technologies are tremendously affecting our lives, there is no gainsaying that these ‘disruptive’ technologies have contributed greatly to improve the pace of justice delivery all over the world. With the recent outbreak of COVID-19 all over the world, technological adoption has enhanced further. Within the context of the courts, many countries have embraced the use of ICT and the internet in their justice delivery system consequent upon which thousands of mobile phone applications and computer hardware and software are being developed. Court Rules were amended to provide for these changes and further institutionalise these changes. This conceptual paper provides insights and experiences on how ICT-enabled applications impact the decision-making processes by the courts in Malaysia and Nigeria. Hopefully, the paper would contribute to the body of knowledge on ICT adoption studies in general, and e-courts and e-justice systems in particular.

Decision-Making Methods in MIS Outsourcing

2008 ◽  
pp. 1355-1368
Author(s):  
Jeanette Nasem Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter commences with a discussion of corporate and government decision-making processes and the management sciences that support development of decisions. Special decision-making considerations, trade-offs analyses, and cost-benefit studies all figure into decisions that result in outsourcing. Technologies that support different methods of decision-making include data warehouses and data mining, rules-based logic, heuristical processes, fuzzy logic, and expert-based reasoning are presented. The chapter presents case studies and current and evolving technologies. The following sections will address the decision-making methods that are used in considering, executing and monitoring outsourced MIS projects or in service lines related to provision of information services in the organization.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF INDIVIDUALS IN PUBLIC DECISIONS IN THE POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM-THE OUTLINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Agata Barczewska-Dziobek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Relationship

The idea of good governance is associated with the postulate of participatory and interactive democracy. This results in the appearance in the legal system of solutions reflecting the recommendations of the so-called "good administration." Good administration is the subjective right which, in the relationship between the body and the citizen, defines the individual's rights and the duties of the administration to act in a particular way. It may be interpreted differently, but it must comply with universal standards. They have been defined in international, European and soft law. These include the rule of law, equality, administrative transparency, confidence and trust, as well as the opportunity to participate in decisions. The last of these relates to procedures for involving citizens in administrative decision-making. The purpose of the article is to present normative solutions in Polish law that guarantee citizens participation in decision-making processes at various levels of administration and their systematics. To achieve this goal, the method of legal text analysis was used, which allows us to indicate the existence of many different mechanisms of participation. Their presence in Polish law determines the varying levels of civic influence on public decisions.

scholarly journals The self’s choice: Priming attentional focus on bodily self promotes loss frequency bias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Sebri ◽  
Stefano Triberti ◽  
Gabriella Pravettoni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Multiple Conditions

AbstractWhen attention is focused on self representation(s), the ability to evaluate one’s internal sensations is enhanced, according to previous research by Ainley and colleagues (Consciousness and Cognition, 22(4), 1231–1238, 2013). Self-representations are usually distinguished between bodily and narrative. Both bodily and narrative representations improve decision-making processes, in that the consideration of alternatives is informed by sensations experienced deep inside the body (e.g., anxiety) as suggest by the literature (Noël, Brevers & Bechara in Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 179,  2013). The objective of the present study is to analyze the decision-making process in multiple conditions of stimulated self-representations. Participants played the Iowa Gambling Task three times (a baseline without stimuli and two randomly ordered stimulations to prime bodily and narrative self-representations). While no significant differences emerged regarding advantageous choices, participants showed loss frequency bias in the condition with bodily-self representation priming. Two interpretations are proposed: bodily-self focus acted as a distractor diminishing participants’ commitment to long term outcomes or enhanced interoception promoted aversion to losses. Directions are given for future research and clinical implications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document