scholarly journals Intra-individual behavioural and neural signatures of audience effects and interactions in a mirror-game paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Zimmermann ◽  
Arianna Schiano Lomoriello ◽  
Ivana Konvalinka
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Mu Suppression ◽  
Audience Effects ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
Communicative Actions ◽  
Neural Signatures

We often perform actions while observed by others, yet the behavioural and neural signatures of audience effects remain understudied. Performing actions while being observed has been shown to result in more emphasized movements in musicians and dancers, as well as during communicative actions. Here we investigate the behavioural and neural mechanisms of observed actions in relation to individual actions in isolation and interactive joint actions. Movement kinematics and EEG were recorded in 42 participants (21 pairs) during a mirror game paradigm, while participants produced improvised movements alone, while observed by a partner, or by synchronizing movements with the partner. Participants produced largest movements when being observed; and observed actors and dyads in interaction produced slower and less variable movements in contrast to acting alone. On a neural level, we observed increased mu suppression during interaction, as well as to a lesser extent during observed actions, relative to individual actions. Moreover, we observed increased functional brain connectivity during observed actions relative to both individual and interactive actions, suggesting increased intra-individual monitoring and action-perception integration as a result of audience effects. These results suggest that observed actors take observers into account in their action plans by increasing self-monitoring; and on a behavioural level, observed actions are similar to emergent interactive actions, characterized by slower and more predictable movements.

scholarly journals Deficits in monitoring self-produced speech in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Railo ◽  
Niklas Nokelainen ◽  
Saara Savolainen ◽  
Valtteri Kaasinen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
And Control ◽  
N1 Wave ◽  
Electrophysiological Correlate

AbstractObjectiveSpeech deficits are common in Parkinson’s disease, and behavioural findings suggest that the deficits may be due to impaired monitoring of self-produced speech. The neural mechanisms of speech deficits are not well understood. We examined a well-documented electrophysiological correlate of speech self-monitoring in patients with Parkinson’s disease and control participants.MethodsWe measured evoked electroencephalographic responses to self-produced and passively heard sounds (/a/ phonemes) in age-matched controls (N=18), and Parkinson’s disease patients who had minor speech impairment, but reported subjectively experiencing no speech deficits (N=17).ResultsDuring speaking, auditory evoked activity 100 ms after phonation (N1 wave) was less suppressed in Parkinson’s disease than controls when compared to the activity evoked by passively heard phonemes. This difference between the groups was driven by increased amplitudes to self-produced phonemes, and reduced amplitudes passively heard phonemes in Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionsThe finding indicates that auditory evoked activity is abnormally modulated during speech in Parkinson’s patients who do not subjectively notice speech impairment. This mechanism could play a role in producing speech deficits in as the disease progresses.

scholarly journals Seeing is believing: Neural mechanisms of action-perception are biased by team membership

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 2055-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Molenberghs ◽  
Veronika Halász ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley ◽  
Eric J. Vanman ◽  
Ross Cunnington
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Action Perception

Consciousness, awareness of insight and neural mechanisms of schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Touskova ◽  
Petr Bob
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Synchronous Activity ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Mental Integration ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAccording to recent research, disturbances of self-awareness and conscious experience have a critical role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and in this context, schizophrenia is currently understood as a disorder characterized by distortions of acts of awareness, self-consciousness, and self-monitoring. Together, these studies suggest that the processes of disrupted awareness and conscious disintegration in schizophrenia might be related and represented by similar disruptions on the brain level, which, in principle, could be explained by various levels of disturbed connectivity and information disintegration that may negatively affect usual patterns of synchronous activity constituting adaptive integrative functions of consciousness. On the other hand, mental integration based on self-awareness and insight may significantly increase information integration and directly influence neural mechanisms underlying basic pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Effects of verb-action congruence on sensorimotor processing of goal-directed actions in two- year-olds: A technical report

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Antognini ◽  
Moritz M. Daum
Keyword(s):  
Processing System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Action Prediction ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Action Verb ◽  
Mu Suppression ◽  
Sensorimotor Activity ◽  
Semantic Congruence ◽  
Action Verbs

Language and action share a common processing system, namely the sensorimotor system. Sensorimotor activity is associated with action prediction and action-verb processing already early during verb acquisition. Action verbs can have a positive effect on action prediction, if the action verb matches the subsequently perceived action. However, it is yet unclear if semantic congruence between the action verb and the action drives this effect, or rather effector-limb congruence (i.e., both the action verb and the action imply an action that is, for instance, performed with the hand). The current study investigated whether semantic congruence between an action verb and an action, compared to semantic incongruence, has different effects on action perception. We presented two-year-olds with sentences comprising action verbs, which either corresponded semantically to a subsequently observed action or not. To assess sensorimotor activity we measured the suppression of the mu and the beta rhythm by means of electroencephalography (EEG). Results are mixed. On the one hand semantic congruence did not affect mu suppression during action perception in toddlers who had all action verbs in their expressive vocabulary. On the other hand, the group of toddlers who did not have all action verbs in their expressive vocabulary did show a difference in mu suppression. In contrast to the mu band, the beta band revealed a power difference during action perception for toddlers who had all action verbs in their expressive vocabulary, but not for the other group.

scholarly journals A Kuramoto model of self-other integration across interpersonal synchronization strategies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Heggli ◽  
J. Cabral ◽  
I. Konvalinka ◽  
P. Vuust ◽  
M.L. Kringelbach
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Kuramoto Model ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Interpersonal Dynamics ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Action Coordination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Social Behaviour

AbstractHuman social behaviour is complex, and the biological and neural mechanisms underpinning it remain debated1,2. A particularly interesting social phenomenon is our ability and tendency to fall into synchrony with other humans3,4. Our ability to coordinate actions and goals relies on the ability to distinguish between and integrate self and other, which when impaired can lead to devastating consequences. Interpersonal synchronization has been a widely used framework for studying action coordination and self-other integration, showing that in simple interactions, such as joint finger tapping, complex interpersonal dynamics emerge. Here we propose a computational model of self-other integration via within- and between-person action-perception links, implemented as a simple Kuramoto model with four oscillators. The model abstracts each member of a dyad as a unit consisting of two connected oscillators, representing intrinsic processes of perception and action. By fitting this model to data from two separate experiments we show that interpersonal synchronization strategies rely on the relationship between within- and between-unit coupling. Specifically, mutual adaptation exhibits a higher between-unit coupling than within-unit coupling; leading-following requires that the follower unit has a low within-unit coupling; and leading-leading occurs when two units jointly exhibit a low between-unit coupling. These findings are consistent with the theory of interpersonal synchronization emerging through self-other integration mediated by processes of action-perception coupling4. Hence, our results show that chaotic human behaviour occurring on a millisecond scale can be modelled using coupled oscillators.

scholarly journals Integrative CNS Plasticity With Exercise in MS: The PRIMERS (PRocessing, Integration of Multisensory Exercise-Related Stimuli) Conceptual Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
William R. Reed ◽  
Aron K. Barbey ◽  
Ralph H. B. Benedict ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Multisensory Input ◽  
Integrative Processing ◽  
Activity Dependent

There is a proliferation of research examining the effects of exercise on mobility and cognition in the general population and those with neurological disorders as well as focal research examining possible neural mechanisms of such effects. However, there is seemingly a lack of focus on what it is about exercise, in particular, that drives adaptive central nervous system neuroplasticity. We propose a novel conceptual framework (ie, PRIMERS) that describes such adaptations as occurring via activity-dependent neuroplasticity based on the integrative processing of multisensory input and associated complex motor output that is required for the regulation of physiological systems during exercise behavior. This conceptual framework sets the stage for the systematic examination of the effects of exercise on brain connectivity, brain structure, and molecular/cellular mechanisms that explain improvements in mobility and cognition in the general population and persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). We argue that exercise can be viewed as an integrative, systems-wide stimulus for neurorehabilitation because impaired mobility and cognition are common and co-occurring in MS.

scholarly journals Training on professional foreign language for students of engineering specialties: implementation of electronic technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Sergei V.Smirnov ◽  
Aygul Z. Ibatova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Communicative Actions ◽  
Teaching Professional

<p>The purpose of our work is to check the effectiveness of the principle of systematic in the process of teaching professional foreign language to the engineering specialties. The laboratory work contains information lexical programs for the introduction of active lexical lessons, vocabulary and grammar exercises, and questions to the texts of lessons, designated for self-control and mutual control. The authors presented the results of the implementation of the system principle in the pedagogical process, namely the possibility of providing systematic construction of methodical literature and construction of intra subject links. The laboratory work, thanks to which there is an actualization and improvement of basic knowledge and skills, as well as the motivation of educational activity - is the form of realization of this principle. The students have an opportunity to demonstrate the independence in performing communicative actions in the professional sphere, provided by the program, to automate their skills, to conduct the self-study and self-monitoring of knowledge and skills, as well as to make their correction.</p>

scholarly journals Metabolic and functional connectivity provide unique and complementary insights into cognition-connectome relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Voigt ◽  
Emma Liang ◽  
Bratislav Misic ◽  
Phillip Ward ◽  
Gary Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Metabolic Connectivity

A major challenge in current cognitive neuroscience is how functional brain connectivity gives rise to human cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) describes brain connectivity based on cerebral oxygenation dynamics (hemodynamic connectivity), whereas [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose functional positron emission tomography (FDG-fPET) describes brain connectivity based on cerebral glucose uptake (metabolic connectivity), each providing a unique characterisation of the human brain. How these two modalities differ in their contribution to cognition and behaviour is unclear. We used simultaneous resting-state FDG-fPET/fMRI to investigate how hemodynamic connectivity and metabolic connectivity relate to cognitive function by applying partial least squares analyses. Results revealed that while for both modalities the frontoparietal anatomical subdivisions related the strongest to cognition, using hemodynamic measures this network expressed executive functioning, episodic memory, and depression, while for metabolic measures this network exclusively expressed executive functioning. These findings demonstrate the unique advantages that simultaneous FDG-PET/fMRI has to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms that underpin cognition and highlights the importance of multimodality imaging in cognitive neuroscience research.

scholarly journals S143. NEURAL MECHANISMS OF ROBOT-INDUCED HALLUCINATIONS IN HEALTHY PARTICIPANTS AND SYMPTOMATIC HALLUCINATIONS OF NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC ORIGIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S90-S91
Author(s):  
Eva Blondiaux ◽  
Giedre Stripeikyte ◽  
Giulio Rognini ◽  
Michel Akselrod ◽  
Jevita Potheegadoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The ability to recognize whether sensory consequences have been self-generated or externally produced is an important element of motor control and self-monitoring. Deficits in self-monitoring have been proposed to cause abnormal bodily experiences and psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations. A recent study designed a robotic system that applies sensorimotor stimulation in healthy subjects and safely induces mild presence hallucinations (PH) and passivity experiences (Blanke et al., 2014). PH are defined as the sensation that someone is close by when actually no one is present and passivity experiences are characterized by perceptions or beliefs that an external agent is controlling one’s actions, perceptions, and/or thoughts. Although, both symptoms occur in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease, their neural mechanisms are unknown. Methods Here, we first investigated the neural mechanisms of PH and passivity experiences in 25 healthy subjects. We developed a new MR-compatible robotic system able to generate the aforementioned sensorimotor conflicts, while recording subjects’ brain activity using fMRI. In addition, we applied lesion network mapping to 11 neurological patients with symptomatic PH and compared both populations to find a common PH network. In a final step, we investigated the relevance of the PH network by analyzing the connectivity of the PH network in resting state fMRI data from 58 psychotic patients. Results We first evaluated the regions associated with the general sensorimotor conflict, which revealed the left sensorimotor area, the left putamen, the right inferior parietal lobule and the right cerebellum. Then, we analyzed the regions that were more activated during the condition eliciting PH and passivity experiences and found the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the insula, the superior medial gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Comparison of these two networks with the symptomatic PH network in neurological patients highlighted the IFG, the MTG and the vPMc. The resting state analysis within those regions in psychotic patients revealed no global differences between the groups but a functional connectivity decrease between MTG and IFG (bilaterally) specific for psychotic patients experiencing passivity experiences. Discussion Collectively, we showed that through the use of a robotic system generating sensorimotor conflicts, the neural correlates of induced-PH and passivity experiences can be studied in healthy subjects in a controlled manner. In addition, we found two networks associated with induced-PH and passivity experience. Of these regions, three were also recruited in patients with PH of neurological origin, forming the PH network. MTG-IFG connectivity in the PH network was altered selectively in psychotic patients with passivity experiences, revealing the relevance of the neural mechanisms of PH and passivity experiences in psychosis.

Salt appetite in rat pups: ontogeny of angiotensin II-aldosterone synergy

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. R421-R429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Thompson ◽  
A. N. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Individual Actions

Preweanling rats were tested to determine whether angiotensin II (ANG II) and aldosterone (Aldo) act synergistically to enhance salt appetite at 12 and 17 days. Twelve-day-old pups received one of four hormone treatments in four doses: 1) ANG II only [1, 2, 10, or 100 ng pulse intracerebroventricular (icv)], 2) Aldo only (1, 2, 10, or 40 micrograms/day sc), 3) Aldo + ANG II (four individual doses combined), or 4) vehicle. Seventeen-day-old rats received the same treatments in two doses (2 or 100 ng ANG II; 2 or 40 micrograms Aldo). Pups were presatiated with milk through anterior oral catheters and then given either 4% NaCl or water for 30 min. Intake was assessed by body weight change. At both ages, ANG II enhanced salt (and water) intake, and Aldo enhanced salt (but not water) intake. Minimum effective doses were comparable to those reported for adults. ANG II-Aldo synergy was absent at 12 days and present at 17 days, when salt intake was 590% greater than the summed intakes evoked by ANG II and Aldo alone. The neural mechanisms for ANG II-Aldo synergy thus mature later than those mediating the hormone's individual actions in arousing salt appetite.

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