scholarly journals Goal pursuit: Current state of affairs and directions for future research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Milyavskaya ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Distinct Unit ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Goal Characteristics

Personal goals are ubiquitous in everyday life, with people typically pursuing multiple personal goals at any given time. This paper provides a review and synthesis of the vast and varied research on personal goals. A growing body of research shows that goals are best conceptualized as a distinct unit of analysis, with extensive within-person variations in both goal characteristics and attainment. In this paper, we review existing literature on personal goals, examining the process of goal pursuit from start to finish, including goal setting, goal pursuit and self-regulation, and the outcomes associated with attainment and/or failure. We also address the many aspects of personal goal pursuit that are still poorly understood, highlighting directions for future research.

scholarly journals Integrating Models of Self-Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-345
Author(s):  
Michael Inzlicht ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Werner ◽  
Julia L. Briskin ◽  
Brent W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
The Many ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Self-regulation is a core aspect of human functioning that helps facilitate the successful pursuit of personal goals. There has been a proliferation of theories and models describing different aspects of self-regulation both within and outside of psychology. All of these models provide insights about self-regulation, but sometimes they talk past each other, make only shallow contributions, or make contributions that are underappreciated by scholars working in adjacent areas. The purpose of this article is to integrate across the many different models in order to refine the vast literature on self-regulation. To achieve this objective, we first review some of the more prominent models of self-regulation coming from social psychology, personality psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. We then integrate across these models based on four key elements—level of analysis, conflict, emotion, and cognitive functioning—specifically identifying points of convergence but also points of insufficient emphasis. We close with prescriptions for future research.

scholarly journals Integrating Models of Self-Regulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Inzlicht ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Werner ◽  
Julia Leah Briskin ◽  
Brent Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
The Many ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Self-regulation is a core aspect of human functioning that helps facilitate the successful pursuit of personal goals. There has been a proliferation of theories and models describing different aspects of self-regulation both within and outside of psychology. All of these models provide insights about self-regulation, but sometimes talk past each other, make only shallow contributions, or make contributions that are under-appreciated by scholars working in adjacent areas. The purpose of this article is to integrate across the many different models in order to refine the vast literature on self-regulation. To achieve this objective, we first review some of the more prominent models of self-regulation coming from social psychology, personality psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. We then integrate across these models based on four key elements—level of analysis, conflict, emotion, and cognitive functioning—specifically identifying points of convergence, but also points of insufficient emphasis. We close with prescriptions for future research.

scholarly journals Integrated Photodetectors Based on Group IV and Colloidal Semiconductors: Current State of Affairs

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Principia Dardano ◽  
Maria Antonietta Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Iv Semiconductors ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

With the aim to take advantage from the existing technologies in microelectronics, photodetectors should be realized with materials compatible with them ensuring, at the same time, good performance. Although great efforts are made to search for new materials that can enhance performance, photodetector (PD) based on them results often expensive and difficult to integrate with standard technologies for microelectronics. For this reason, the group IV semiconductors, which are currently the main materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices fabrication, are here reviewed for their applications in light sensing. Moreover, as new materials compatible with existing manufacturing technologies, PD based on colloidal semiconductor are revised. This work is particularly focused on developments in this area over the past 5–10 years, thus drawing a line for future research.

High School Dropouts: A Review of Issues and Evidence

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell W. Rumberger
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Dropouts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Problem ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Many

The problem of high school dropouts has generated increased interest among researchers, policymakers, and educators in recent years. This paper examines the many issues involved in trying to understand and solve this complex social and educational problem. The issues are grouped into four areas covering the incidence, causes, consequences, and solutions to the problem. Within each area, the discussion identifies the important issues involved, the current state of research on the issues, and considerations for future research.

A Framework for Communicability of Software Documentation

2011 ◽  
pp. 1574-1579
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kamthan
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Documentation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Agile Software

The role of communication is central to any software development. The documentation forms the message carrier within the communication infrastructure of a software project. As software development processes shift from predictive to adaptive environments and serve an ever more hardware diverse demographic, new communication challenges arise. For example, an engineer may want to be able to remotely author a document in a shell environment without the need of any special purpose software, port it to different computer architectures, and provide different views of it to users without making modifications to the original. However, the current state of affairs of software documentation is inadequate to respond to such expectations. In this article, we take the position that the ability of documents to be able to communicate at all levels intrinsically depends upon their representation. The rest of the article proceeds as follows. We first outline the background necessary for later discussion. This is followed by a proposal for a quality-based framework for representing software documentation in descriptive markup and application to agile software documentation. Next, challenges and avenues for future research are outlined. Finally, concluding remarks are given.

scholarly journals Notes on the Dialects of the Crimean Mennonite Settlements (Based on the V. M. Zhirmunsky’s Archives)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Larisa E. Naiditch ◽  
Ekaterina A. Libert
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
German Immigrants ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Russian Germans

Mennonite Germans were among the many ethnic groups that inhabited the Crimean peninsula since the end of the 18th century until the 1940s. A special way of life, faith and language significantly distinguished them from other German immigrants. The dialect spoken by the Mennonites and called Plautdietsch (Plotditch) is a type of Low German, close to Low Prussian. During this period, two dialects were formed, which are still preserved in Mennonites communities in Siberia, in the Altai region, etc. – the dialects of Khortitsa and of Molotchna. The dialect contamination took place in new, mixed settlements, in the so-called daughter colonies. The major contribution towards studying the folklore and the language of the German colonies of the Southern regions of the USSR was made in 1920s by V. M. Zhirmunsky, a major Russian scholar, philologist, Germanist, folklorist, along with his students and assistants. The collection of the material and its linguistic description were stopped in the 1930s due to repressions against Russian Germans, as well as the researchers of their culture. The collected data were preserved in Zhirmunsky’s archive in the Sciences Academy Archive in Saint-Petersburg. The linguistic processing of these data is today an important task of Germanistics. The aforementioned archive, which is of great academic value, offers rich data on dialectology, as well as language variation and change, and will allow scholars to understand synchronic and diachronic processes in the corresponding dialects. Of particular interest are the dialectological questionnaires in Zhirmunsky’s archive, some of which were completed in the Mennonite language (dialect) Plautdietsch. Our study deals with linguistic analysis of such questionnaires. Special attention is paid by us to several phonological phenomena in Plautdietsch: palatal consonants, palatalization of long /u:/, the development of /a/ in closed syllable. The processing of the questionnaire data provides a basis for their possible comparison with the current state of affairs in the modern language, primarily in the Siberian Plautdietsch.

scholarly journals What doesn’t kill you, …: Means for avoidance goal pursuit are less enjoyable than means for approach goal pursuit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hennecke
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Avoidance Goals ◽  
Avoidance Goal

Personal goals can be directed towards approaching positive states (approach goals) or towards avoiding negative states (avoidance goals). Little is known about whether people experience the means they deploy (e.g., goal-conducive activities and objects) for approach goal pursuit in the same way they experience the means for avoidance goal pursuit. Three studies show that the means that people consider effective for their avoidance goals are experienced as less enjoyable than the means they consider effective for their approach goals (Study 1), that people consider unenjoyable means as more instrumental for avoidance than for approach goals and enjoyable means as more instrumental for approach than for avoidance goals (Study 2), and that there is a fit effect causing higher ratings of means effectiveness if a given means instrumentality for either approach or avoidance goals matches the intrinsic enjoyment of this means, that is when an enjoyable means is instrumental for an approach goal or a non-enjoyable means is instrumental for an avoidance goals (“fit” conditions) as opposed to when a non-enjoyable means is instrumental for an approach goal or an enjoyable means is instrumental for an avoidance goal (“non-fit” conditions) (Study 3). I discuss potential mechanisms, as well as consequences for means choice and self-regulation more broadly.

scholarly journals Is COVID-19 a Crime? A Criminological Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Toine Spapens
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Current State ◽  
Criminological Perspective ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIs COVID-19 a crime? The answer to that question seems relatively straightforward. Although the virus may be viewed as a “villain,” we cannot treat it as a criminal. However, how the virus impacts societies and government responses to the crisis raises serious criminological questions. In this chapter, I briefly address three. I will start by looking at the effects of COVID-19 and particularly the lockdowns on criminal activities. My second question is whether we should rethink our response to crimes that may facilitate future pandemics, particularly wildlife trafficking. Finally, I will discuss some examples of systemic inequalities, which affect the impact of the virus on societies. Given the current state of affairs, I will raise questions and ideas for future research, rather than provide clear-cut answers.

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