Development and Validation of a Goal Characteristics Questionnaire

How motivated a person is to pursue a goal may depend on many different properties of the goal, such as how specific it is, how important it is to the person, and how actionable it is. Rigorously measuring all of the relevant goal characteristics is still very difficult. Existing measures are scattered across multiple research fields. Some goal characteristics are not yet covered, while others have been measured under ambiguous terminology. Other conceptually related characteristics have yet to be adapted to goals. Last but not least, the validity of most measures of goal characteristics has yet to be assessed. The aim of this study is to: a) integrate, refine, and extend previous measures into a more comprehensive battery of self-report measures, the Goal Characteristics Questionnaire (GCQ; https://osf.io/3gxk5/?view_only=1ff0e62127c64b82862a0fe7d73c4faf), and b) investigate its evidence of validity. In two empirical studies, this paper provides evidence for the validity of the measures regarding their internal structure, measurement invariance, and convergence and divergence with other relevant goal-related measures, such as the motivation, affect, and the dimensions of Personal Project Analysis. The results show that our goal characteristic dimensions have incremental validity for explaining important outcomes, such as goal commitment and well-being. It concludes with practical recommendations for using the GCQ in research on goal-setting and goal-pursuit, and a discussion about directions for future studies

Vnímanie akademického cieľa a kríza v procese jeho dosahovania

The aim of the research was to explore the correlations among the perceived characteristics of the academic goal (the grade that a student set himself to achieve) during the semester, as well as the correlations with the obtained grade. The university students (N = 31) participated on the research. Their perceptions of motivation, self-efficacy, commitment, desirability, attainability, effort, progress and action crisis were collected by short scales 1. in the goal setting, 2. after passing the credit test and 3. 24hours before the exam. After passing the exam, the grade and the fulfillment of the goal were also collected. Only the higher desirability after passing the partial goal (after the credit test) was associated with the worse grade. However, the students had set the worse grades than they finally obtained. Correlations among the goal characteristics confirmed the findings of other studies. The correlations among the previous and the upcoming goal characteristics have shown the importance of the initial “want to” motivation, desirability and attainability. The crisis was correlated with low attainability, low progress and with previous crisis and “have to” motivation.

GOAL-SETTING IN DGCE: A CASE STUDY OF XXX CUSTOMS OFFICE

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate goal-setting characteristics in the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) using the XXX Customs Office as a sample. Document review related to Performance Management System (PMS) was examined, and in-depth interviews with employees in-charge are conducted for data collection. The result showed that goal-setting in DGCE partially had met quality goal characteristics in a way that the goals are specific and unambiguous. However, they are not challenging. Regarding participation, goals are mostly self-set at the staff level while they are more assigned at the supervisor level. From the employee perspective, goal-setting is sufficient to help them focus their effort and also set the work standard. This study also found that performance-related feedback is provided informally or maybe worse, it was neglected. This study provides an initial understanding of goal-setting practice in DGCE for further system development. One implication is to increase the number of mandatory KPIs for staff level.Keywords: Performance Management System, Goal-setting, Public sector, Indonesian Customs.ABSTRAK: Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti karakteristik sasaran kerja pegawai (SKP) atau indikator kinerja utama (IKU) pada Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) dengan sampel KPPBC XXX. Analisis terhadap dokumen terkait pengelolaan kinerja dan wawancara terhadap para pegawai yang bertanggung jawab atau mengetahui proses pengelolaan kinerja yang dilakukan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sasaran kinerja pegawai telah memenuhi kriteria, yaitu jelas dan tidak ambigu. Namun, SKP dan IKU masih kurang menantang. Terkait partisipasi, sasaran kinerja kebanyakan ditetapkan oleh masing-masing pegawai pada level pelaksana dan lebih banyak yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi pada level pengawas. Dari perpektif pegawai, penetapan SKP atau IKU telah efektif dalam hal membantu pegawai untuk fokus terhadap tujuan organisasi disamping memberikan standar atas penyelesaian pekerjaan. Terkait umpan balik diberikan secara informal atau malah lebih buruk, tidak diberikan sama sekali oleh atasan. Studi ini memberikan pemahaman pendahuluan atas proses penetapan sasaran kinerja di DJBC sebagai landasan dalam perbaikan sistem pengelolaan kinerja. Memperbanyak jumlah IKU mandatory bagi staf menjadi salah satu implikasi.Kata Kunci: Sistem Pengelolaan Kinerja, Penetapan Sasaran Kinerja, Sektor Publik, Bea Cukai.

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK TUJUAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN SLEMAN

This research aims to analyze the influence of budgetary goal characteristics of participation, clarity, feedback and difficulity on the government performance accountability Sleman district. The number of samples used in the study as many as 98 respondents. Data collection is carried out by the methods of questionnaire. The results of the questionnaires were processed using SPSS Statisctics 18. The results show that budgetary participation and budgetary goal clarity have positive effect on the government performance accountability Sleman district. Meanwhile, the results of budgetary goal difficulity were found that have no effect on the government performance accountability leman district.

Pengaruh Budgetary Goal Characteristics, Komitmen Organisasi, Dan Motivasi Pada Kinerja Manajerial dengan Gaya Kepemimpinan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study aims to determine the effect of budgetary goal characteristics, organizational commitment, and motivation on managerial performance using transformational leadership style as a moderating variable. This research was conducted on the Denpasar City Government. The data analysis technique used is Test Moderated Regression Analysis. The population in this study amounted to 31 SKPD and the number of samples in this study were 93 people. This study concluded that 1)budgetary goal characteristics negatively affected managerial performance (significance 0.375); 2)organizational commitment has a positive effect on managerial performance (significance 0.081); 3)motivation has a positive effect on managerial performance (significance 0,000); 4)transformational leadership style can moderate (strengthen) the influence of budgetary goal characteristics on managerial performance (significance 0.034); 5)transformational leadership style cannot moderate (weaken) the influence of organizational commitment on managerial performance (significance 0.769); 6)leadership style was able to moderate (strengthen) the effect of motivation on managerial performance (significance 0.003). Keywords: Budgetary goal characteristics, organizational commitment, motivation, managerial performance, transformational leadership style

BUDGETARY GOAL CHARACTERISTICS DAN TRANSPARANSI SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA ANGGARAN DAN KINERJA MANAJERIAL

Budget performance and managerial performance in public sector has been public concern and much noticed by the public since they are closely related to the aspects of public accountability. Achievement of budget performance and managerial performance is determined by the level of transparency and budgetary goal characteristics which consists of indicators of budgetary participation, difficulty in budget goals, budget feedback, budget evaluation and difficulty in budget goals. This research was conducted to examine the effect of budgetary goal characteristics and transparency on budget performance and managerial performance in the Housing, Settlement and Land Agency (DPKPP) of Denpasar City, Bali Province. The data collection method used is by distributing questionnaires and obtained as many as 51 respondents as samples based on purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses Partial Least Square analysis. The results showed that the budgetary goal characteristics did not affect budget performance, the budgetary goal characteristics had a positive effect on managerial performance, transparency had a positive effect on budget performance, while transparency had a negative effect on managerial performance in DPKPP Denpasar.

Goal pursuit: Current state of affairs and directions for future research

Personal goals are ubiquitous in everyday life, with people typically pursuing multiple personal goals at any given time. This paper provides a review and synthesis of the vast and varied research on personal goals. A growing body of research shows that goals are best conceptualized as a distinct unit of analysis, with extensive within-person variations in both goal characteristics and attainment. In this paper, we review existing literature on personal goals, examining the process of goal pursuit from start to finish, including goal setting, goal pursuit and self-regulation, and the outcomes associated with attainment and/or failure. We also address the many aspects of personal goal pursuit that are still poorly understood, highlighting directions for future research.

Adherence to Diet and Exercise Tracking in the Lose IT Smartphone App (Preprint)

BACKGROUND With increased popularity of weight loss-related smartphone apps, it is vital to explore characteristics of successful and sustained app use. Few studies have assessed characteristics of health app use in a naturalistic context. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to examine demographic and patient goal-related variables and assess their relationship with continued app use and dropout. METHODS A random subset of 2,500 users’ data, including age, sex, weight, goal characteristics, and region was extracted from the Lose It user database. These characteristics were measured in terms of association with sustained use (continuous food and exercise days logged), and dropout (failing to log for 30 or more days). Descriptive statistics were calculated for all of the variables and outcome variables were analyzed by a generalized linear model regression with negative binomial distribution or logistic regression. RESULTS Dropout was not common among Lose It users: only 2.9% stopped logging exercise days, and 3.6% stopped logging food days. Male users were more likely to log continuous food and exercise days than female users. Additionally, desire to lose more weight per week was significantly associated with lower continuous days logged. Starting weight, goal weight, and region were not associated with variations in sustained use. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of what factors influence successful, continued use of applications allows developers to utilize these results to create successful applications, and allows consumers to choose realistic plans to help them better achieve their goals. CLINICALTRIAL Knowledge of what factors influence successful, continued use of applications allows developers to utilize these results to create successful applications, and allows consumers to choose realistic plans to help them better achieve their goals.