Augustine’s Use of Rhetorical Economy in His Scriptural Hermeneutic

Chapters 1–2 form a distinct unit (Part I), establishing several foundations for the arguments in the remaining chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on rhetorical economy, introducing the concept and previous research on Augustine’s incorporation of it into an area which intersects naturally with ideas from literary and rhetorical theory—his scriptural hermeneutic. The final section of this chapter then demonstrates that Augustine utilizes rhetorical economy in his scriptural hermeneutic as early as AD 387–8. Chapter 1 thus establishes that Augustine: (1) utilizes rhetorical economy in his work as a Christian; and (2) does this quite soon after his conversion to Christianity.

The Effects of Mistreating Management Variability on Work Attitudes and Behaviors

The finding of this research indicates that individuals in a work unit are likely to develop negative attitudes and engage in deviate behaviors in response to a manager who is more mistreating toward some unit members but not toward others. These effects were found to be strong after explaining for each individual's personal experience of misuse from the manager. The findings are significant because they highlight the importance of mistreating management variability as a distinct unit-level construct. In sum, the findings highlight the importance of examining mistreating management at both the individual and unit levels of analyzes. This research shows that, in a work unit, non-targeted members are caused some of these negative outcomes because they are the unfair interpersonal treatment of others. Organizations should educate managers on how contradictory interpersonal treatment of subordinates impacts the fairness of the work unit and the negative implication on both targeted and non-targeted subordinates.

The Case of Druze Society and its Integration in Higher Education in Israel

In this work, we elaborate on the changes and transformations in the Israeli education system (including higher education) from Israel’s independence in 1948 to 2019. Specifically, the study places special emphasis on developments commencing in 1976 in response to the establishment of a separate administrative division for Druze and Circassian Education in the Ministry of Education, and division’s impact on the rate of youngsters who earn matriculation certificates and the number of Druze students attending higher education institutions. of the study analyzes the administrative separation of Druze education in the education system and its effect on the integration of Druze youngsters in higher education in Israel. The current study contributes to our understanding of the development of the Druze education system as a distinct unit in the Israeli Ministry of Education. The findings of this study and its conclusions will contribute to policymakers in the Ministry of Education in general, and policymakers concerning Druze education specifically, seeking to improve educational achievements and apply the insights of the current study to other minority groups to which higher education has become increasingly accessible in recent years.

Neopuccinia (Pucciniales): a new Puccinia-like genus from the Brazilian Cerrado

Neopuccinia, a new Pucciniales genus, based on N. bursa found on Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado, is described and illustrated. The combined phylogenetic analyses of molecular data from nuc rDNA 18S and 28S markers demonstrate that the new taxon is an independent lineage and thus a taxonomically distinct unit. It is morphologically characterized by bag-like projections arising from the bicellular teliospore wall, like those found in Puccinia.

Seaming the interfaces between topologically distinct metal–organic frameworks using random copolymer glues

A series of random copolymers are used as molecular glues to bridge the interfaces between metal–organic frameworks with distinct unit cell parameters and coordination chemistry.

The Instability of Space-Time and the Contingency of Necessity

The second chapter shifts from a general outline of the thesis concerning nature’s extrinsicality in order to substantiate its plausibility. It begins with a reconstruction of the basal categories with which Hegel’s philosophy of nature begins, i.e. space and time. Hegel frames space and time in terms of indeterminacy and externality such that we cannot speak of a distinct unit(y), or internality, of space or time, both features which are crucial to conceptuality and subjectivity. In this special sense, Hegelian nature begins in a void. Space-time displays an utter failure at auto-articulation. The chapter then outlines the duplicitous signification of Hegel’s analysis. It argues that while Hegel’s analysis is fundamentally concerned with conceptual discourse it is not solely concerned with discourse. Consequently, at an ontological level, the striking contingency of Hegelian nature. There is no necessity in advance that this or that thing emerges though definite ones certainly do, e.g. the objects of physics and those of mechanics. Instead, there is a contingent array of objects that thought references and then must, retroactively, construct an account of their necessary interrelations. However, this necessity is one that is posited retroactively and so displays the contingency of thought’s narrative concerning necessity.

Burst firing and spatial coding in subicular principal cells

The subiculum is the major output structure of the hippocampal formation and is involved in learning and memory as well as in spatial navigation. Little is known about how the cellular diversity of subicular neurons is related to function. Primed by in vitro studies, which identified distinct bursting patterns in subicular cells, we asked how subicular burst firing is related to spatial coding in vivo. Using high-resolution juxtacellular recordings in freely moving rats, we analyzed the firing patterns of 51 subicular principal neurons and distinguished two populations based on their bursting behavior, i.e. sparsely bursting (∼80%) and dominantly bursting neurons (∼20%). Dominantly bursting neurons had significantly higher firing rates than sparsely bursting neurons. Furthermore, the two clusters had distinct spatial properties, sparsely bursting cells showing strong positional tuning and dominantly bursting cells being only weakly tuned. Additionally, the occurrence of bursts in sparsely bursting neurons defined well-defined spatial fields. In contrast, isolated spikes contained less spatial information. We conclude that burst firing distinguishes subicular principal cell types and constitutes a distinct unit encoding spatial information in sparsely bursting spatial cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that burst firing is highly relevant to subicular space coding.

Goal pursuit: Current state of affairs and directions for future research

Personal goals are ubiquitous in everyday life, with people typically pursuing multiple personal goals at any given time. This paper provides a review and synthesis of the vast and varied research on personal goals. A growing body of research shows that goals are best conceptualized as a distinct unit of analysis, with extensive within-person variations in both goal characteristics and attainment. In this paper, we review existing literature on personal goals, examining the process of goal pursuit from start to finish, including goal setting, goal pursuit and self-regulation, and the outcomes associated with attainment and/or failure. We also address the many aspects of personal goal pursuit that are still poorly understood, highlighting directions for future research.

Ontogeny as an important part of integrative taxonomy in tergipedid aeolidaceans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) with a description of a new genus and species from the Barents Sea

The taxonomy of aeolidacean nudibranchs of the traditional group previously known as Tergipedidae is discussed. To integrate the diverse molecular phylogenetic pattern and morphological disparity in a broadly ontogenetic context a revised classification at the family level is presented. The families Calmidae Iredale & O'Donoghue, 1923, Eubranchidae Odhner, 1934, Fionidae Gray, 1857 s. str. (restricted, with the genus Fiona only), and Tergipedidae Bergh, 1889 s.str. (restricted, with inclusion of the genus Tergipes only) are restored. The families Cuthonidae Odhner, 1934 s.str. (restricted, with only single genus Cuthona), Cuthonellidae Miller, 1971, stat. nov., and Trinchesiidae Nordsieck, 1972 (with inclusion of the genera Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla, Tenellia, Trinchesia) are reinstated. At the genus level, the family Trinchesiidae appears as a most diverse assemblage that needs to be further divided. In the present study, the “Eolis” pustulata species complex is particularly investigated, including description of a new ontogenetically different species Zelentia ninel sp. nov. “Eolis” pustulata Alder & Hancock, 1854 and two closely related species are morphologically well separated from Trinchesia s. str. (absence of foot corners, narrow radular teeth) and form a distinct molecular phylogenetic clade basal to all the other Trinchesiidae. Therefore, this group is a distinct unit according to both morphological and molecular data and is separated here as a new genus, Zelentia gen. nov. The genus Catriona is also briefly discussed and the valid status of the species Catriona aurantia (Alder et Hancock, 1842) stat. nov. is confirmed.

The Lowland Kenyah posterior implosives

The Kenyah languages of central Borneo form a distinct unit within the North Sarawak group of Austronesian languages. In northern Sarawak there is a well-defined contrast between types that have been called ‘Highland Kenyah’ and ‘Lowland Kenyah’. A key difference between these sets of closely-related languages is the reflexes of Proto-North Sarawak/Proto-Kenyah *b, *d, *j, *g and *bh, *dh, *jh, *gh, which are distinguished (usually as b, d, j, g vs. p, t, c, k) in Highland Kenyah, but show a complex set of innovations in some varieties of Lowland Kenyah. The most striking of these changes in the dialect spoken by the Lebu’ Vu’ Kenyah at Long Sela’an and Long Ikang, and the Long Tikan Kenyah at Long San, is the shift of voiced aspirates to phonetic implosives that were generalized to the reflexes of *b, *d, *j, *g as final syllable onsets, leading to merger of the two series. Because it was conditioned, this merger produced complementation between [b]/[ɓ], [ɟ]/[ʄ], and [g]/[ɠ] (*d lenited before implosion was generalized, preventing merger). Most remarkably, the reduction of Proto-Kenyah nasal-obstruent clusters in these dialects has begun to produce new instances of [ɟ] and [g], but not [b] and [d], creating contrastive implosives only at palatal and velar positions, a reversal of the distributional preference commonly associated with implosive stops in cross-linguistic perspective.