scholarly journals A Cross-Lagged Prospective Network Analysis of Common Mental Health and Cognitive Functioning Components in Midlife Community Adult Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Vulnerability Theory

Background: The scar theory proposes that heightened depression and anxiety precede and predict worse cognitive functioning outcomes, whereas the vulnerability model posits the opposite pathway. However, most investigations on this topic have been cross-sectional, which precludes causal inferences. Thus, our study used both contemporaneous and temporal cross-lagged panel network analysis to facilitate causal inferences in understanding the relations between psychopathology components and cognitive functioning. Methods: Racially-diverse midlife women (n = 3,302) participated in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation across two time-points, spanning one year apart. Five psychopathology (anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, somatic symptoms, positive affect, interpersonal problems) and cognitive functioning nodes (working memory (WM), processing speed (PS), visual memory (VSM), auditory memory (ARM)) were assessed. Results: Contemporaneous networks yielded notable inverse between-node relations (edges) for interpersonal problems and reduced VSM and PS, and between depressed mood or anxiety symptoms and VSM, ARM, or PS. Moreover, nodes that had the highest likelihood to bridge psychopathology and cognitive functioning constructs were positive affect, anxiety symptoms, WM, and ARM. Temporal networks produced edges inconsistent with the vulnerability theory. Higher depressed mood and somatic symptoms and lower positive affect were related to reduced future PS, WM, and/or VSM. Likewise, greater interpersonal issues and anxiety symptoms were linked to poorer future ARM and WM. Also, positive affect had the strongest effect on future nodes. Conclusions: These results provide stronger support for the scar theory than the vulnerability theory.

Elevated Lipid and Pro-Inflammatory Markers Relate to Future Depression and Anxiety Components: A Cross-Lagged Prospective Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Lipid Markers

Background: Vulnerability theories propose that higher levels of lipid and pro-inflammatory markers precede and relate to future heightened depression and anxiety. Scar models posit the reverse association. However, most studies testing biomarker-psychopathology relations have been cross-sectional, which precludes causal inferences, and did not differentiate biomarker and psychopathology components. We thus used cross-lagged prospective network analysis (CLPN) to investigate this topic. Methods: Community adult women (n = 3,302) completed a self-report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale; CES-D) and provided biomarker samples. CLPN identified true relations (edges) among components (nodes) of psychopathology (depressed mood, anxiety severity, somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues), lipid markers (insulin, glucose, triglycerides), inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), within and across five time-points. Results: Contemporaneous CLPN revealed true positive edges for somatic symptoms-inflammation, somatic symptoms-lipid markers, and anxiety severity-lipid markers. Temporal networks showed that higher levels of lipid or pro-inflammatory markers were related to greater future depressed mood, somatic symptoms, anxiety severity, and interpersonal issues. Also, lower HDL level was associated with more future somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues, and depressed mood. Further, somatic symptoms and lipid markers had the strongest effect on future nodes in the network. Conclusions: Overall, the results were consistent with vulnerability (vs. scar) models. Possible mechanistic accounts include long-term dysregulated metabolic, endocrine, and immune systems and social disengagement patterns. Cognitive-behavioral and related lifestyle-based therapies that optimize diet, nutrition, and physical activity may effectively target depression and anxiety at the prevention and treatment stages. Other theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.

Elevated Anxiety Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Global Cognition

Background: Vulnerability models posit that reduced cognitive functioning abilities (e.g., verbal fluency, working memory (WM)) precede and relate to future heightened psychopathology. Conversely, scar theory postulates that elevated psychopathology coincides with subsequent reduced cognitive functioning. However, most studies so far have been cross-sectional and tested global cognitive functioning-psychopathology relations. Objective: Thus, we used cross-lagged panel network analysis (CLPN) to facilitate causal inferences and differentiation of components on this topic. Method: Community adults (n = 856) participated in this eight-year study across four waves of assessment, each spaced about two years apart. Nine psychopathology components (aberrant motor behaviors (AMB), agitation, apathy, anxiety, delusions, depression, disinhibition, hallucinations, irritability) and seven cognitive functioning (attention, episodic memory, global cognition, language, processing speed, verbal fluency, WM) multi-item nodes were assessed with various performance-based cognitive functioning tests and the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Results: Contemporaneous networks consistently showed negative associations among global cognition/verbal fluency and agitation, AMB, or hallucinations, during all waves of assessment. Nodes that were most influential across communities in contemporaneous networks were delusions, depression, WM, and verbal fluency. For temporal networks, heightened anxiety (versus other neuropsychiatric nodes), had the largest negative relations with future decreased executive and related cognitive functioning nodes. Further, executive function nodes (e.g., verbal fluency) tended to be impacted by, rather than influential on, other nodes, across all time-points. Discussion: Findings supported scar (vs. vulnerability) model. The efficacy of evidence-based cognitive-behavioral and related psychopharmacological treatments may be enhanced by adding executive function training. Other theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.

DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDREN WITH SANFILIPPO DISEASE – PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND MOTOR ASSESSMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-535
Author(s):  
Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach ◽  
Agata Rudnik ◽  
Monika Limanówka ◽  
Jolanta Wierzba ◽  
Arkadiusz Mański
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Following Instructions ◽  
Neurological Effects ◽  
Sanfilippo Disease ◽  
Mps Iiia ◽  
Independent Person

Sanfilippo disease (mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS IIIA) is one of the types of mucopolysaccharidosis associated with extensive neurological effects and somatic symptoms. The consequences of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment are manifested in challenges with the daily functioning of patients who experience problems with communication and following instructions. The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive functioning of three patients with MPS IIIA and to find patterns of neurodegeneration and to make their environment more friendly. Three boys (from 5.5 to 7 years) with MPS IIIA participated in the study. Each participant attended two meetings, and his functioning was assessed by three independent person (using two-way mirror). We used Bayley’s Scale III with some modifications. Interviews with parents were also included. The communication of patients was limited to some vocalizations. Patients presented instrumental use of items, but not all of them were able to repeat actions after diagnostician or presented object permanence. The results showed that the cognitive functioning of participants was significantly hindered by problems related to motor dysfunction, hyperactivity, and ataxia. The psychological data was collated with medical results. This study allows indicating new sources giving the possibility of child phenotype variability and to create specific interventions in the field of psychological therapy for patients with MPS IIIA and their families.

Relations among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Somatic Symptoms in a Medically Ill Patient Sample

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Kvaal ◽  
Shobhana Patodia
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
Different Populations

The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), a brief measure of Positive and Negative Affect, may be useful in assessing mood of medical patients because it does not include somatic items frequently confounded with medical conditions. In previous research Positive and Negative Affect have been independent and uncorrelated, and Negative Affect but not Positive Affect has been positively correlated with somatic symptoms. However, relationships between variables may vary in different populations, and there is relatively little information on Positive and Negative Affect in medical patients. In the current study, the PANAS was used to assess the relationships among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and somatic symptoms and pain in a medically ill hospital population. Positive and Negative Affect scores were positively correlated and for patients reporting pain, Positive Affect scores were positively correlated with pain intensity. Results from this and other studies indicate that Positive and Negative Affect are independent but in some populations may be correlated; positive affects such as hopefulness may co-occur with both somatic complaints and psychological distress.

Psychiatric assessment

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-82
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Assessment ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
State Examination

The clinical interview Setting the scene Interviewing psychiatric patients Discussing management History Mental state examination Case summary Observations of appearance and behaviour Speech Abnormal mood Asking about depressed mood Asking about thoughts of self-harm Asking about elevated mood Anxiety symptoms Asking about anxiety symptoms Abnormal perceptions...

scholarly journals Network Analysis of Mindfulness Facets, Affect, Compassion, and Distress

Mindfulness ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Medvedev ◽  
Matti Cervin ◽  
Barbara Barcaccia ◽  
Richard J. Siegert ◽  
Anja Roemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets ◽  
Internal Experience

Abstract Objectives Mindfulness, positive affect, and compassion may protect against psychological distress but there is lack of understanding about the ways in which these factors are linked to mental health. Network analysis is a statistical method used to investigate complex associations among constructs in a single network and is particularly suitable for this purpose. The aim of this study was to explore how mindfulness facets, affect, and compassion were linked to psychological distress using network analysis. Methods The sample (n = 400) included equal numbers from general and student populations who completed measures of five mindfulness facets, compassion, positive and negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress. Network analysis was used to explore the direct associations between these variables. Results Compassion was directly related to positive affect, which in turn was strongly and inversely related to depression and positively related to the observing and describing facets of mindfulness. The non-judgment facet of mindfulness was strongly and inversely related to negative affect, anxiety, and depression, while non-reactivity and acting with awareness were inversely associated with stress and anxiety, respectively. Strong associations were found between all distress variables. Conclusions The present network analysis highlights the strong link between compassion and positive affect and suggests that observing and describing the world through the lens of compassion may enhance resilience to depression. Taking a non-judging and non-reacting stance toward internal experience while acting with awareness may protect against psychological distress. Applicability of these findings can be examined in experimental studies aiming to prevent distress and enhance psychological well-being.

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