Does alcohol cue Inhibitory Control Training survive a context shift?
Rationale: Inhibitory control training (ICT) is a novel psychological intervention that aims to improve inhibitory control in response to alcohol-related cues through associative learning. Laboratory studies have demonstrated reductions in alcohol consumption following ICT compared to control / sham training, but it is unclear if these effects are robust to a change of context. Objectives: In a pre-registered study we examined whether the effects of ICT would survive a context shift from a neutral context to a semi-naturalistic bar setting. Methods: Using a mixed design, sixty heavy drinkers (40 female) were randomly allocated to receive either ICT or control / sham training in a neutral laboratory over two sessions. We developed a novel variation of ICT that used multiple stop signals in order to establish direct stimulus-stop associations. The effects of ICT / control were measured once in the same context and once following a shift to a novel (alcohol-related) context. Our dependent variables were ad-libitum alcohol consumption following training, change in inhibitory control processes and change in alcohol value (the proposed mechanisms of action of ICT). Results: ICT did not reduce alcohol consumption in either context compared to the control group. Furthermore, we demonstrated no effects of ICT on inhibitory control processes or alcohol value. Bayesian analyses demonstrated overall support for the null hypotheses. Conclusion: This study failed to find any effects of ICT on alcohol consumption or candidate psychological mechanisms either in the same context, or in a novel context. These findings illustrate the difficulty in training alcohol-inhibition associations, and they add to a growing body of literature which suggest ICT holds little evidential value as a psychological intervention for alcohol use disorders.