scholarly journals Investigation of Psychiatric and Neuropsychological Correlates of Default Mode Network and Dorsal Attention Network Anticorrelation in Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Michael Owens ◽  
Dekang Yuan ◽  
Sage Hahn ◽  
Matthew Albaugh ◽  
Nicholas Allgaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

The default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) demonstrate an intrinsic “anticorrelation” in healthy adults, which is thought to represent the functional segregation between internally and externally directed thought. Reduced segregation of these networks has been proposed as a mechanism for cognitive deficits that occurs in many psychiatric disorders, but this association has rarely been tested in pre-adolescent children. The current analysis used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to examine the relationship between the strength of DMN/DAN anticorrelation and psychiatric symptoms in the largest sample to-date of 9-10-year-old children (N = 6543). The relationship of DMN/DAN anticorrelation to a battery of neuropsychological tests was also assessed. DMN/DAN anticorrelation was robustly linked to attention problems, as well as age, sex, and socioeconomic factors. Other psychiatric correlates identified in prior reports were not robustly linked to DMN/DAN anticorrelation after controlling for demographic covariates. Among neuropsychological measures, the clearest correlates of DMN/DAN anticorrelation was the Card Sort task of executive function and cognitive flexibility and the NIH Toolbox Total Cognitive Score, although these did not survive correction for socioeconomic factors. These findings indicate a complicated relationship between DMN/DAN anticorrelation and demographics, neuropsychological function, and psychiatric problems.

scholarly journals Investigation of Psychiatric and Neuropsychological Correlates of Default Mode Network and Dorsal Attention Network Anticorrelation in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 6083-6096
Author(s):  
Max M Owens ◽  
DeKang Yuan ◽  
Sage Hahn ◽  
Matthew Albaugh ◽  
Nicholas Allgaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Demographic Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) demonstrate an intrinsic “anticorrelation” in healthy adults, which is thought to represent the functional segregation between internally and externally directed thought. Reduced segregation of these networks has been proposed as a mechanism for cognitive deficits that occurs in many psychiatric disorders, but this association has rarely been tested in pre-adolescent children. The current analysis used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to examine the relationship between the strength of DMN/DAN anticorrelation and psychiatric symptoms in the largest sample to date of 9- to 10-year-old children (N = 6543). The relationship of DMN/DAN anticorrelation to a battery of neuropsychological tests was also assessed. DMN/DAN anticorrelation was robustly linked to attention problems, as well as age, sex, and socioeconomic factors. Other psychiatric correlates identified in prior reports were not robustly linked to DMN/DAN anticorrelation after controlling for demographic covariates. Among neuropsychological measures, the clearest correlates of DMN/DAN anticorrelation were the Card Sort task of executive function and cognitive flexibility and the NIH Toolbox Total Cognitive Score, although these did not survive correction for socioeconomic factors. These findings indicate a complicated relationship between DMN/DAN anticorrelation and demographics, neuropsychological function, and psychiatric problems.

scholarly journals Temporal circuit of macroscale dynamic brain activity supports human consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaz0087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zirui Huang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Wu ◽  
George A. Mashour ◽  
Anthony G. Hudetz
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Brain States

The ongoing stream of human consciousness relies on two distinct cortical systems, the default mode network and the dorsal attention network, which alternate their activity in an anticorrelated manner. We examined how the two systems are regulated in the conscious brain and how they are disrupted when consciousness is diminished. We provide evidence for a “temporal circuit” characterized by a set of trajectories along which dynamic brain activity occurs. We demonstrate that the transitions between default mode and dorsal attention networks are embedded in this temporal circuit, in which a balanced reciprocal accessibility of brain states is characteristic of consciousness. Conversely, isolation of the default mode and dorsal attention networks from the temporal circuit is associated with unresponsiveness of diverse etiologies. These findings advance the foundational understanding of the functional role of anticorrelated systems in consciousness.

Interaction of the Salience Network, Ventral Attention Network, Dorsal Attention Network and Default Mode Network in Neonates and Early Development of the Bottom-up Attention System.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Onofrj ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Richard Wise ◽  
Cesare Colosimo ◽  
Massimo Caulo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network

Abstract The Salience Network (SN), Ventral Attention Network (VAN), Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) have shown significant interactions and overlapping functions in bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of attention. In the present study we tested if the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN connectivity can infer the gestational age (GA) at birth in a study group of 88 healthy neonates with GA at birth ranging from 28 to 40 weeks. We also ascertained whether the connectivity within each of the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN is able to infer the average functional connectivity of the others. The ability to infer GA at birth or another network's connectivity was evaluated using a multi-variate data-driven framework. A mediation analysis was performed in order to estimate the transmittance of change of a network’s functional connectivity (FC) over another mediated by the GA.The VAN, DAN and the DMN infer the GA at birth (p<0.05). The SN, DMN and VAN were able to infer the average connectivity over the other networks (p<0.05). Mediation analysis between VAN’s and DAN’s inference on GA found reciprocal transmittance of change of VAN’s and DAN’s connectivity (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that the VAN has a prominent role in the bottom-up salience detection in early infancy and that the role of the VAN and the SN may overlap in the bottom-up control of attention.

scholarly journals Re-Establishing Brain Networks in Patients with ESRD after Successful Kidney Transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Juan Chen ◽  
Jiqiu Wen ◽  
Rongfeng Qi ◽  
Jianhui Zhong ◽  
U. Joseph Schoepf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Visual Network

Background and objectivesCognition in ESRD may be improved by kidney transplantation, but mechanisms are unclear. We explored patterns of resting-state networks with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging among patients with ESRD before and after kidney transplantation.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThirty-seven patients with ESRD scheduled for kidney transplantation and 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were imaged before and 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation. Functional connectivity of seven resting-state subnetworks was evaluated: default mode network, dorsal attention network, central executive network, self-referential network, sensorimotor network, visual network, and auditory network. Mixed effects models tested associations of ESRD, kidney transplantation, and neuropsychological measurements with functional connectivity.ResultsCompared with controls, pretransplant patients showed abnormal functional connectivity in six subnetworks. Compared with pretransplant patients, increased functional connectivity was observed in the default mode network, the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the sensorimotor network, the auditory network, and the visual network 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation (P=0.01). Six months after kidney transplantation, no significant difference in functional connectivity was observed for the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the auditory network, or the visual network between patients and controls. Default mode network and sensorimotor network remained significantly different from those in controls when assessed 6 months after kidney transplantation. A relationship between functional connectivity and neuropsychological measurements was found in specific brain regions of some brain networks.ConclusionsThe recovery patterns of resting-state subnetworks vary after kidney transplantation. The dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the auditory network, and the visual network recovered to normal levels, whereas the default mode network and the sensorimotor network did not recover completely 6 months after kidney transplantation. Neural resting-state functional connectivity was lower among patients with ESRD compared with control subjects, but it significantly improved with kidney transplantation. Resting-state subnetworks exhibited variable recovery, in some cases to levels that were no longer significantly different from those of normal controls.

scholarly journals Abnormal dorsal attention network activation in memory impairment after traumatic brain injury

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma-Jane Mallas ◽  
Sara De Simoni ◽  
Gregory Scott ◽  
Amy E Jolly ◽  
Adam Hampshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Memory impairment is a common, disabling effect of traumatic brain injury. In healthy individuals, successful memory encoding is associated with activation of the dorsal attention network as well as suppression of the default mode network. Here, in traumatic brain injury patients we examined whether: (i) impairments in memory encoding are associated with abnormal brain activation in these networks; (ii) whether changes in this brain activity predict subsequent memory retrieval; and (iii) whether abnormal white matter integrity underpinning functional networks is associated with impaired subsequent memory. Thirty-five patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury aged 23–65 years (74% males) in the post-acute/chronic phase after injury and 16 healthy control subjects underwent functional MRI during performance of an abstract image memory encoding task. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess structural abnormalities across patient groups compared to 28 age-matched healthy controls. Successful memory encoding across all participants was associated with activation of the dorsal attention network, the ventral visual stream and medial temporal lobes. Decreased activation was seen in the default mode network. Patients with preserved episodic memory demonstrated increased activation in areas of the dorsal attention network. Patients with impaired memory showed increased left anterior prefrontal activity. White matter microstructure underpinning connectivity between core nodes of the encoding networks was significantly reduced in patients with memory impairment. Our results show for the first time that patients with impaired episodic memory show abnormal activation of key nodes within the dorsal attention network and regions regulating default mode network activity during encoding. Successful encoding was associated with an opposite direction of signal change between patients with and without memory impairment, suggesting that memory encoding mechanisms could be fundamentally altered in this population. We demonstrate a clear relationship between functional networks activated during encoding and underlying abnormalities within the structural connectome in patients with memory impairment. We suggest that encoding failures in this group are likely due to failed control of goal-directed attentional resources.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Interaction Between the Dorsal Attention Network and the Default Mode Network in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Lei ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Fei Qi ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Min Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
The Relationship

The risk of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly higher than that in the general population, but the exact neurophysiological mechanism underlying this is still unclear. An abnormal change in the intrinsic anticorrelation of the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN) is thought to be the mechanism underlying cognitive deficits that occur in many psychiatric disorders, but this association has rarely been tested in T2DM. This study explored the relationship between the interaction patterns of the DAN-DMN and clinical/cognitive variables in patients with T2DM. Forty-four patients with T2DM and 47 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent neuropsychological assessments, independent component analysis (ICA), and functional network connection analysis (FNC). The relationship of DAN-DMN anticorrelation with the results of a battery of neuropsychological tests was also assessed. Relative to the HC group, the DMN showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) in the right precuneus, and the DAN showed decreased FC in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in patients with T2DM. Subsequent FNC analysis revealed that, compared with the HC group, the T2DM patients displayed significantly increased inter-network connectivity between the DAN and DMN. These abnormal changes were correlated with the scores of multiple neuropsychological assessments (P &lt; 0.05). These findings indicate abnormal changes in the interaction patterns of the DAN-DMN may be involved in the neuropathology of attention and general cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Spectral Diversity in Default Mode Network Connectivity Reflects Behavioral State

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Craig ◽  
Anne E. Manktelow ◽  
Barbara J. Sahakian ◽  
David K. Menon ◽  
Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network

Default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity is thought to occur primarily in low frequencies (<0.1 Hz), resulting in most studies removing high frequencies during data preprocessing. In contrast, subtractive task analyses include high frequencies, as these are thought to be task relevant. An emerging line of research explores resting fMRI data at higher-frequency bands, examining the possibility that functional connectivity is a multiband phenomenon. Furthermore, recent studies suggest DMN involvement in cognitive processing; however, without a systematic investigation of DMN connectivity during tasks, its functional contribution to cognition cannot be fully understood. We bridged these concurrent lines of research by examining the contribution of high frequencies in the relationship between DMN and dorsal attention network at rest and during task execution. Our findings revealed that the inclusion of high frequencies alters between network connectivity, resulting in reduced anticorrelation and increased positive connectivity between DMN and dorsal attention network. Critically, increased positive connectivity was observed only during tasks, suggesting an important role for high-frequency fluctuations in functional integration. Moreover, within-DMN connectivity during task execution correlated with RT only when high frequencies were included. These results show that DMN does not simply deactivate during task execution and suggest active recruitment while performing cognitively demanding paradigms.

scholarly journals Sex differences in default mode and dorsal attention network engagement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0199049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Dumais ◽  
Sergey Chernyak ◽  
Lisa D. Nickerson ◽  
Amy C. Janes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network
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