scholarly journals Re-Establishing Brain Networks in Patients with ESRD after Successful Kidney Transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Juan Chen ◽  
Jiqiu Wen ◽  
Rongfeng Qi ◽  
Jianhui Zhong ◽  
U. Joseph Schoepf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Visual Network

Background and objectivesCognition in ESRD may be improved by kidney transplantation, but mechanisms are unclear. We explored patterns of resting-state networks with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging among patients with ESRD before and after kidney transplantation.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThirty-seven patients with ESRD scheduled for kidney transplantation and 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were imaged before and 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation. Functional connectivity of seven resting-state subnetworks was evaluated: default mode network, dorsal attention network, central executive network, self-referential network, sensorimotor network, visual network, and auditory network. Mixed effects models tested associations of ESRD, kidney transplantation, and neuropsychological measurements with functional connectivity.ResultsCompared with controls, pretransplant patients showed abnormal functional connectivity in six subnetworks. Compared with pretransplant patients, increased functional connectivity was observed in the default mode network, the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the sensorimotor network, the auditory network, and the visual network 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation (P=0.01). Six months after kidney transplantation, no significant difference in functional connectivity was observed for the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the auditory network, or the visual network between patients and controls. Default mode network and sensorimotor network remained significantly different from those in controls when assessed 6 months after kidney transplantation. A relationship between functional connectivity and neuropsychological measurements was found in specific brain regions of some brain networks.ConclusionsThe recovery patterns of resting-state subnetworks vary after kidney transplantation. The dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the auditory network, and the visual network recovered to normal levels, whereas the default mode network and the sensorimotor network did not recover completely 6 months after kidney transplantation. Neural resting-state functional connectivity was lower among patients with ESRD compared with control subjects, but it significantly improved with kidney transplantation. Resting-state subnetworks exhibited variable recovery, in some cases to levels that were no longer significantly different from those of normal controls.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Sedation with Midazolam on Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Junkai Wang ◽  
Yachao Xu ◽  
Gopikrishna Deshpande ◽  
Kuncheng Li ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Light Sedation ◽  
The Right

Altered connectivity within and between the resting-state networks (RSNs) brought about by anesthetics that induce altered consciousness remains incompletely understood. It is known that the dorsal attention network (DAN) and its anticorrelations with other RSNs have been implicated in consciousness. However, the role of DAN-related functional patterns in drug-induced sedative effects is less clear. In the current study, we investigated altered functional connectivity of the DAN during midazolam-induced light sedation. In a placebo-controlled and within-subjects experimental study, fourteen healthy volunteers received midazolam or saline with a 1-week interval. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired before and after intravenous drug administration. A multiple region of interest-driven analysis was employed to investigate connectivity within and between RSNs. It was found that functional connectivity was significantly decreased by midazolam injection in two regions located in the left inferior parietal lobule and the left middle temporal area within the DAN as compared with the saline condition. We also identified three clusters in anticorrelation between the DAN and other RSNs for the interaction effect, which included the left medial prefrontal cortex, the right superior temporal gyrus, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Connectivity between all regions and DAN was significantly decreased by midazolam injection. The sensorimotor network was minimally affected. Midazolam decreased functional connectivity of the dorsal attention network. These findings advance the understanding of the neural mechanism of sedation, and such functional patterns might have clinical implications in other medical conditions related to patients with cognitive impairment.

Interaction of the Salience Network, Ventral Attention Network, Dorsal Attention Network and Default Mode Network in Neonates and Early Development of the Bottom-up Attention System.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Onofrj ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Richard Wise ◽  
Cesare Colosimo ◽  
Massimo Caulo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network

Abstract The Salience Network (SN), Ventral Attention Network (VAN), Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) have shown significant interactions and overlapping functions in bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of attention. In the present study we tested if the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN connectivity can infer the gestational age (GA) at birth in a study group of 88 healthy neonates with GA at birth ranging from 28 to 40 weeks. We also ascertained whether the connectivity within each of the SN, VAN, DAN and DMN is able to infer the average functional connectivity of the others. The ability to infer GA at birth or another network's connectivity was evaluated using a multi-variate data-driven framework. A mediation analysis was performed in order to estimate the transmittance of change of a network’s functional connectivity (FC) over another mediated by the GA.The VAN, DAN and the DMN infer the GA at birth (p<0.05). The SN, DMN and VAN were able to infer the average connectivity over the other networks (p<0.05). Mediation analysis between VAN’s and DAN’s inference on GA found reciprocal transmittance of change of VAN’s and DAN’s connectivity (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that the VAN has a prominent role in the bottom-up salience detection in early infancy and that the role of the VAN and the SN may overlap in the bottom-up control of attention.

scholarly journals Different resting-state network disruptions in newly diagnosed drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbing Hou ◽  
Qianqian Wei ◽  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Visual Network

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also prevalent in nondemented PD patients, even in newly diagnosed PD patients. The possible impacts of MCI on brain function activities for PD patients need more investigation, and the potential of emerging technologies for detecting underlying pathophysiology of cognitive signs in PD can be further improved. Method Forty-seven newly diagnosed drug-naïve PD patients (28 PD-MCI patients and 19 PD patients with cognitively unimpaired (PD-CU)) and 28 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional MRI. The connectivity patterns of specific networks were investigated through the independent component analysis among PD-MCI, PD-CU and HCs groups. Results The independent component analysis revealed significantly decreased functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network, visual network and sensorimotor network in the PD-MCI subgroup compared with the HC group. Furthermore, FC of the default mode network was positively correlated with memory scores from the brief visuospatial memory test-revised, and FC of the visual network was positively correlated with visuospatial scores from the clock copying test in the PD-MCI group. In all patients with PD, FC of the sensorimotor network negatively correlated with motor severity scores from the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III. On the other hand, the potential damage was more likely to occur in FC between the sensorimotor network and limbic network, and between the ventral attention network and visual network in all PD patients. Conclusions Newly diagnosed drug-naïve PD-MCI patients showed characteristic damage of FC within the default mode network, visual network and sensorimotor network, and all PD patients presented impaired FC between the sensorimotor network and limbic network, and FC between the ventral attention network and visual network. These network-wide functional aberrations may underline the pathophysiology of PD.

scholarly journals Aberrant Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wan ◽  
Wen Qing Xia ◽  
Yu Lin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Visual Network

Background: Accumulating lines of evidence demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients trigger abnormalities in brain’s functional connectivity (FC), whereas the alterations of interhemispheric coordination pattern occurring in DR are not well understood. Our study was to investigate alterations of interhemispheric coordination in DR patients.Methods: Thirty-four DR individuals (19 males and 15 females: mean age: 52.97 ± 8.35 years) and 37 healthy controls (HCs) (16 males and 21 females; mean age: 53.78 ± 7.24 years) were enrolled in the study. The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method was conducted to investigate the different interhemispheric FC between two groups. Then, the seed-based FC method was applied to assess the different FCs with region of interest (ROI) in the brain regions of decreased VMHC between two groups.Results: Compared with HC groups, DR groups showed decreased VMHC values in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG), lingual/calcarine/middle occipital gyrus (LING/CAL/MOG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), angular (ANG), postcentral gyrus (PosCG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and precentral gyrus (PreCG). Meanwhile, altered FC includes the regions of auditory network, visual network, default mode network, salience network, and sensorimotor network. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the visual acuity-oculus dexter (OD) and zVMHC values in the bilateral LING/CAL/MOG (r = 0.551, p = 0.001), STG (r = 0.426, p = 0.012), PosCG (r = 0.494, p = 0.003), and IPL (r = 0.459, p = 0.006) in DR patients.Conclusion: Our results highlighted that DR patients were associated with substantial impairment of interhemispheric coordination in auditory network, visual network, default mode network, and sensorimotor network. The VMHC might be a promising therapeutic target in the intervention of brain functional dysfunction in DR patients.

scholarly journals Spectral Diversity in Default Mode Network Connectivity Reflects Behavioral State

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Craig ◽  
Anne E. Manktelow ◽  
Barbara J. Sahakian ◽  
David K. Menon ◽  
Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network

Default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity is thought to occur primarily in low frequencies (<0.1 Hz), resulting in most studies removing high frequencies during data preprocessing. In contrast, subtractive task analyses include high frequencies, as these are thought to be task relevant. An emerging line of research explores resting fMRI data at higher-frequency bands, examining the possibility that functional connectivity is a multiband phenomenon. Furthermore, recent studies suggest DMN involvement in cognitive processing; however, without a systematic investigation of DMN connectivity during tasks, its functional contribution to cognition cannot be fully understood. We bridged these concurrent lines of research by examining the contribution of high frequencies in the relationship between DMN and dorsal attention network at rest and during task execution. Our findings revealed that the inclusion of high frequencies alters between network connectivity, resulting in reduced anticorrelation and increased positive connectivity between DMN and dorsal attention network. Critically, increased positive connectivity was observed only during tasks, suggesting an important role for high-frequency fluctuations in functional integration. Moreover, within-DMN connectivity during task execution correlated with RT only when high frequencies were included. These results show that DMN does not simply deactivate during task execution and suggest active recruitment while performing cognitively demanding paradigms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document