scholarly journals Factors related to positive experiences in parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown. The role of empathy, emotion regulation, parenting self-efficacy and social support

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gambin ◽  
Małgorzata Woźniak-Prus ◽  
Marcin Sekowski ◽  
Andrzej Cudo ◽  
Ewa Pisula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Objective: Several researchers and clinicians have focused on the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for children and parents. However, we may suppose that some families may also experience positive aspects of the COVID-19 lockdown such as increased emotional closeness and more time for free play and creativity in parent-child relationships. The aim of the current study was to investigate predictors of the positive experiences in parent-child relationship in Polish mothers and fathers during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: 228 mothers and 231 fathers completed the Brief version of the Empathic Sensitivity Questionnaire, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, Social Support Scale, Parenting Self-Agency Measure, as well as The Scale of Positive Experiences in Parent-Child Relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results: Our results show that parenting self-efficacy and social support are the best predictors of the positive experiences in parent-child relationships in both mothers and fathers during the lockdown. Additionally, perspective taking is a positive predictor of the positive experiences in mothers, whereas increased affective components of empathy (empathic concern and personal distress) are predictors of the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in fathers. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes a need to focus not only on negative, but also on positive consequences of COVID-19 lockdown for children and parents, and shows which factors could be important targets for preventive and therapeutic interventions for mothers and fathers during the epidemic.

scholarly journals The Effect of Choice Theory-Based Group Training on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Parent-Child Relationship in Male Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Behmanesh ◽  
Shirali Kheramine ◽  
Khosro Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Background and Purpose: Adolescence is considered as one of the most critical life periods since adolescents are being exposed to a variety of potential stimuli, whose inappropriate response to such stimuli would prevent their proper performance in society. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory-based group training on cognitive emotion regulation and parent-child relationships in male adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population included all male students of the senior -high school in Dogonbadan city in the academic year 2019. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 30 samples were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The research instrument included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and The Parent-Child Relationship Survey. The reality therapy intervention was performed on the experimental group for ten 90-minute sessions. The follow-up was performed after 60 days. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was then used to analyze the data. Results: The participants included 30 male adolescents, aged between 15 and 17 years old. The research findings indicated that the choice theory-based group training was effective in promoting cognitive emotion regulation (F= 27.39, P= 0.0001) and parent-child relationship (F= 44.32, P= 0.0001). Also, their effects were sustainable until the follow-up period (P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Choice theory-based group training, as a therapeutic and clinical intervention, can be used as an appropriate and effective technique to promote cognitive emotion regulation and parent-child relationships among adolescents.

Effect of Perceived Parent–Child Relationship in Childhood on Resilience in Japanese Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Japanese Youth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

The present study examined the effect of the perceived parent–child relationship in childhood on resilience in youth. It recruited 268 university students majoring in education and college students majoring in welfare science to investigate the relationship between their perception of parent–child relationship in their childhood and their current resilience by their responses on the Adolescent Resilience Scale and the Children's Perceived Affiliation for Parents Scale. The results indicated that female's positive perception of their relationship with their mothers in childhood had a positive influence on their resilience. On the other hand, the positive influence was inconspicuous and limited with regard to the perception of female's relationship with their fathers in childhood. In contrast, this positive influence was not confirmed in male participants regardless of the perception of their relationship with mothers and fathers in childhood. Although limited to females, these results suggest that youth's perception of their parent–child relationships in childhood significantly affected the development of resilience. In addition, sex difference was observed in this effect. The findings have been discussed with respect to the process of the development of resilience.

Gender Differences in Children's and Parents' Social Support Perceptions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Matthewson ◽  
Rosanne Burton Smith ◽  
Iain Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractThere are limited studies investigating gender differences within the father–child and mother–child relationships with regard to social support provisions within these relationships. This study aimed to explore gender unity in children's and parents' perceptions of social support within the parent–child relationship. The participants included 91 families who completed measures of social support satisfaction and social support effectiveness. Results were contrary to the gender unity assumption. Findings indicated that mothers and fathers provide different types of support to their children regardless of their child's sex. Further, this study demonstrated the importance of father–child interactions and the need to further investigate the types of support fathers provide their children. This study explored gender differences in social support perceptions within the parent–child relationship. It investigated if mothers and fathers perceive the support they provide their children with is differentiated according to whether their child is a son or a daughter (i.e., gender unity). In this study, gender unity relates to whether parents consider themselves to be more effective in their support provisions to their same-sex child than to their opposite-sex child. Moreover, gender unity also pertains to whether children are more satisfied with the support provided by their same-sex parent than their opposite-sex parent. It is therefore important to define social support in order to understand it within the context of the parent-child relationship.

scholarly journals Child Parent Relationship Training (CPRT): Enhancing Parent-child Relationships for Military Families

10.18060/1881 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci J. Jensen-Hart ◽  
Jeff Christensen ◽  
Lacey Dutka ◽  
J. Corey Leishman
Keyword(s):  
Parental Stress ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Military families experience increased stress when facing issues of deployment, separation, and reunification. The increased stress impacts the parent-child relationship as well as child behavioral and emotional well-being. Although recognizing the resiliency of military families, research points to the need to monitor parental stress both pre- and post-deployment and highlights the inherent risks that separation and reunification pose for the parent-child relationship bond. This pilot study was designed to explore the effectiveness of the Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) Training Model as a proactive method of enhancing parent-child relationships, reducing parental stress, and preventing negative impact of military separations on children.

Longitudinal associations among routine disclosure, the parent–child relationship, and adolescents’ prosocial and delinquent behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1853-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Padilla-Walker ◽  
Daye Son
Keyword(s):  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Child Disclosure ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parental Autonomy ◽  
Parent Child

The purpose of this study was to explore whether routine child disclosure to parents was longitudinally related to adolescent prosocial and delinquent outcomes via the parent–child relationship (parental knowledge, parental autonomy granting, and parental warmth/support). The participants included 463 adolescents (48% male, 73% European American, 37% single parent families) and their mothers and fathers who completed questionnaires across three waves from early to late adolescence ( M age of adolescent at Time 1 = 13 years old, Time 3 = 17 years old). The results showed that routine child disclosure was longitudinally associated with prosocial behavior toward family via greater parental warmth. Child disclosure was negatively related to delinquency via parental knowledge. Implications regarding the role of child disclosure on the parent–child relationship and the development of adolescent behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderate the association between early institutional caregiving and internalizing symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Vantieghem ◽  
Laurel Gabard-Durnam ◽  
Bonnie Goff ◽  
Jessica Flannery ◽  
Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractInstitutional caregiving is associated with significant deviations from species-expected caregiving, altering the normative sequence of attachment formation and placing children at risk for long-term emotional difficulties. However, little is known about factors that can promote resilience following early institutional caregiving. In the current study, we investigated how adaptations in affective processing (i.e., positive valence bias) and family-level protective factors (i.e., secure parent–child relationships) moderate risk for internalizing symptoms in previously institutionalized (PI) youth. Children and adolescents with and without a history of institutional care performed a laboratory-based affective processing task and self-reported measures of parent–child relationship security. PI youth were more likely than comparison youth to show positive valence biases when interpreting ambiguous facial expressions. Both positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderated the association between institutional care and parent-reported internalizing symptoms, such that greater positive valence bias and more secure parent–child relationships predicted fewer symptoms in PI youth. However, when both factors were tested concurrently, parent–child relationship security more strongly moderated the link between PI status and internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that both individual-level adaptations in affective processing and family-level factors of secure parent–child relationships may ameliorate risk for internalizing psychopathology following early institutional caregiving.

TWO TREE DRAWING CONVENTIONS

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER EADES ◽  
TAO LIN ◽  
XUEMIN LIN
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Polynomial Time Algorithms ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Rooted trees abound in computing and it is often necessary to draw them for visualization and documentation purposes. In the classical convention for tree drawing, the tree is drawn in a “level” fashion, with nodes (represented by boxes) at depth k lying on a horizontal line at a distance of k units below the root. The parent — child relationships are represented by lines between the boxes. Several algorithms have been developed for constructing a compact layout of a tree in the classical convention. In this paper we investigate algorithms for drawing trees according to two new conventions. In the inclusion convention, nodes are represented by boxes, and the parent — child relationship is represented by inclusion of one box in another. The tip-over convention again represents nodes as boxes, and, like the classical convention, represents the parent — child relationship by lines between the boxes; however, we allow siblings to be arranged vertically rather than horizontally. For many of the cases which arise in visualization of trees (for example, binary trees with textual information at the leaves) we present polynomial time algorithms. However, the general problem of finding minimum size layouts for either of the new conventions is shown to be NP-hard.

Is joint physical custody in the best interests of the child? Parent–child relationships and custodial arrangements

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3752-3772
Author(s):  
Kim Bastaits ◽  
Inge Pasteels
Keyword(s):  
Best Interests ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Sole Custody ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Maternal Custody ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Parent Child

When thinking about custodial arrangements after a divorce, there has been a shift from sole custody (mainly by mothers) to joint physical custody after a divorce. In certain countries, joint physical custody has even become the primary, legal custodial arrangement. Joint physical custody, whether implemented in legislation or not, is believed to be in the best interests of the child, as children can shape a postdivorce relationship with both their mother and father. Nevertheless, many studies on joint physical custody focus only on child outcomes. This study aims to investigate (1) whether custodial arrangements matter in addition to the parental divorce for parent–child relationships and (2) whether joint physical custody provides a better framework for parent–child relationships than sole custody arrangements. The study adds to the existing literature by including both the mother–child relationship and the father–child relationship. Moreover, joint physical custody is not only compared to sole maternal custody, but also to sole paternal custody. Using a dyadic subsample of Belgian parents and children from the Divorce in Flanders data set ( N = 623), we compare two indicators of the parent–child relationship (parent–child communication and parenting) for children with married parents, with children in joint physical custody, sole maternal custody, and sole paternal custody. The results indicate that (1) the custodial arrangements after divorce affect parent–child relationships, in addition to the divorce, with regard to both open and problematic father–child communications and the support and control of children by mothers and fathers; and (2) joint physical custody, compared with sole custody (either by the mother or father), provides a better framework to shape a postdivorce parent–child relationship with both parents in terms of open communications and support.

The Good Parent: Southern Italian Mothers’ Conceptualization of Good Parenting and Parent–Child Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Lo Cricchio ◽  
Alida Lo Coco ◽  
Charissa S. L. Cheah ◽  
Francesca Liga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Good Parent ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Thirty mothers, ranging in age between 30 and 46 years, participated in seven focus groups aimed at analyzing perceptions and ideas of the characteristics of a good parent and parent–child relationship in southern Italy (Sicily). The discussions were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative analysis approach. Two major themes, discipline and affection, emerged from the discussions about the idea of a good parent, with seven further subthemes. In defining good parenting beliefs and practices, Sicilian mothers mostly believed that control, discipline, and demandingness were imperative and prioritized over warmth and responsiveness. Despite the importance given to demandingness, a good parent–child relationship was predominantly described as the result of a balance between love and control, mainly based on communication, confidence, and respect. Our findings were interpreted and discussed with consideration to the collectivistic and familistic nature of Sicilian society.

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