scholarly journals Voting over a Distributed Ledger: An interdisciplinary perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Dhillon ◽  
Grammateia Kotsialou ◽  
Peter McBurney ◽  
Luke Riley
Keyword(s):  
Social Scientists ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Liquid Democracy ◽  
Election System ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Online Voting ◽  
The Cost

This work discusses the potential of a blockchain based infrastructure for a decentralised online voting platform. When compared to paper based voting, online voting can vastly increase the speed that votes can be counted, expand the overall accessibility of the election system and decrease the cost of turnout. Yet despite these advantages, online voting for political office is subject to fraud at various levels due to its centralised nature. In this paper, we describe a general architecture of a centralised online voting system and detail which areas of such a system are vulnerable to electoral fraud. We then proceed to introduce the key ideas underlying blockchain technology as a decentralised mechanism that can address these problems. We discuss the advantages and weaknesses of the blockchain technology, the protocols the technology uses and what criteria a good blockchain protocol should satisfy (depending on the voting application). We argue that the decentralisation inherent in the blockchain technology could increase the public's trust in national elections, as well as eliminate voter impersonation and double voting. We conclude with a discussion regarding how economists and social scientists can collaborate with the blockchain community in a research agenda on the design of efficient blockchain protocols and new voting systems such as liquid democracy.

scholarly journals A Liquid Democracy Enabled Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ch Anwar ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Hammad ◽  
Jawaid Iqbal ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Syed Sajid Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Liquid Democracy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fine Tune

Developing an electronic voting system that meets the practical needs of administrators has been a difficult task for a long time. Now, blockchain technologies solve this problem by providing a distributed ledger with immutable, encrypted, and secure transactions. Distributed ledger technologies are an interesting technological leap in the field of data innovation, transparency, and trustability. In public blockchain, distributed ledger technology is widely used. The blockchain technology can be used in an almost infinite number of ways to benefit from sharing economies. The purpose of this study is to assess how blockchain may be utilized to build electronic voting systems that can be used as a service. The purpose of electronic voting systems is explained in this article, as are the technological and legal limitations of employing blockchain as a service. Then, using blockchain as a foundation, we propose a new electronic voting system that fixes the flaws we observed. In general, this paper evaluates the capabilities of distributed ledger technologies by depicting a contextual investigation in order to fine-tune the process of political election decisions and employing a blockchain-based application that improves security and lowers the cost of conducting nationwide elections.

scholarly journals Architecture-Centric Evaluation of Blockchain-Based Smart Contract E-Voting for National Elections

Informatics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Olawande Daramola ◽  
Darren Thebus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Study Context ◽  
Significant Attention

E-voting is one of the valid use cases of blockchain technology with many blockchain e-voting systems already proposed. But efforts that focus on critical analysis of blockchain e-voting architectures for national elections from stakeholders’ perspectives are mostly lacking in the literature. Therefore, government decision-makers and election stakeholders do not yet have a sufficient basis to understand the potential risks, challenges, and prospects that are associated with blockchain e-voting. This paper demonstrates how the use of the Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method (ATAM) can enable stakeholders in national elections to understand the risks, prospects, and challenges that could be associated with a blockchain e-voting system for national elections. By using a study context of South Africa, a proposed blockchain e-voting architecture was used as a basis to aid election stakeholders to reason on the concept of blockchain e-voting to get them to understand the potential risks, security threats, critical requirements attributes, and weaknesses that could be associated with using blockchain e-voting for national elections. The study found that blockchain e-voting can prevent many security attacks, internal vote manipulation, and promote transparency. However, voter validation and the security of the blockchain architecture are potential weaknesses that will need significant attention.

scholarly journals Blockchain technology based e-voting system

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Anita A. Lahane ◽  
Junaid Patel ◽  
Talif Pathan ◽  
Prathmesh Potdar
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Public Examination ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Electronic Vote ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Election System ◽  
Voting System ◽  
End To End

Election could be a important event during a trendy democracy however massive sections of society round the world don’t trust their election system that is major concern for the democracy. Even the world’s largest democracies like Republic of India, us, and Japan still suffer from a blemished legal system. Vote rigging, hacking of the EVM (Electronic vote machine), election manipulation, and booth capturing square measure the key problems within the current electoral system. during this system, we tend to square measure work the problems|the problems within the election vote systems and attempting to propose the E-voting model which might resolve these issues. The system can highlight a number of the popular blockchain frameworks that provide blockchain as a service and associated electronic E-voting system that is predicated on blockchain that addresses all limitations severally, it additionally preserve participant’s obscurity whereas still being hospitable public examination. Building Associate in Nursing electronic electoral system that satisfies the legal necessities of legislators has been a challenge for an extended time. Distributed ledger technologies is Associate in Nursing exciting technological advancement within the info technology world. Blockchain technologies supply Associate in Nursing infinite vary of applications cashing in on sharing economies. Blockchain could be a unquiet technology of current era and guarantees to enhance the resilience of e-voting systems. this technique presents a shot to leverage edges of blockchain like cryptological foundations and transparency to attain an efficient theme for e-voting. The projected theme conforms to the elemental necessities for e-voting schemes and achieves end-to-end verifiability. The system presents in-depth analysis of the theme that with success demonstrates its effectiveness to attain Associate in Nursing end-to-end verifiable e-voting theme.

scholarly journals An Electronic Voting System adopting Blockchain: Interpretation, Characteristics and Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01076
Author(s):  
Ahmed Yacoubi ◽  
Brahim Erraha ◽  
Hiba Asri
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Exchange Data ◽  
Voting Machine

This article offers an E-voting (Electronic Voting) approach that ensures security, privacy, and transparency. We have decided to use the blockchain system. Blockchain technology lowers the cost of centralized Clouds, Datacenters, and Networking Equipment, decreases the need for middlemen, and provides data privacy and transparency; all of which are critical for a fair election.An Architecture and Algorithm are suggested for the blockchain-based voting system. An internet of things (IoT) based system is designed to exchange data from the electronic voting machine and the nodes. Furthermore, we introduced its features, and we concluded with some future investigations.

scholarly journals Blockchain for Electronic Voting System—Review and Open Research Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5874
Author(s):  
Uzma Jafar ◽  
Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz ◽  
Zarina Shukur
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Online Voting ◽  
Election Systems ◽  
Electronic Voting System

Online voting is a trend that is gaining momentum in modern society. It has great potential to decrease organizational costs and increase voter turnout. It eliminates the need to print ballot papers or open polling stations—voters can vote from wherever there is an Internet connection. Despite these benefits, online voting solutions are viewed with a great deal of caution because they introduce new threats. A single vulnerability can lead to large-scale manipulations of votes. Electronic voting systems must be legitimate, accurate, safe, and convenient when used for elections. Nonetheless, adoption may be limited by potential problems associated with electronic voting systems. Blockchain technology came into the ground to overcome these issues and offers decentralized nodes for electronic voting and is used to produce electronic voting systems mainly because of their end-to-end verification advantages. This technology is a beautiful replacement for traditional electronic voting solutions with distributed, non-repudiation, and security protection characteristics. The following article gives an overview of electronic voting systems based on blockchain technology. The main goal of this analysis was to examine the current status of blockchain-based voting research and online voting systems and any related difficulties to predict future developments. This study provides a conceptual description of the intended blockchain-based electronic voting application and an introduction to the fundamental structure and characteristics of the blockchain in connection to electronic voting. As a consequence of this study, it was discovered that blockchain systems may help solve some of the issues that now plague election systems. On the other hand, the most often mentioned issues in blockchain applications are privacy protection and transaction speed. For a sustainable blockchain-based electronic voting system, the security of remote participation must be viable, and for scalability, transaction speed must be addressed. Due to these concerns, it was determined that the existing frameworks need to be improved to be utilized in voting systems.

Absolute Transformation and CLAHE E-Voting System Using Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4890-4896
Author(s):  
S. Mahalakshmi ◽  
N. Archana ◽  
B. Sundarambal ◽  
A. Dineshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Ordinary Method ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Election System ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Centralized System

Nowadays the growth of digital technology has increased since it is more helpful for people. The main threats in the general ballot system are security and transparency. The current voting system is a centralized system based on a single organization. Main issue in the ordinary method is that only one organization maintains the entire database since it is centralized. The problem is that the organization can make unauthorized access to the database and alter the data or remove the data from the database which leads to loss/change of data. The better solution for this problem is making the existing election system decentralized. For making the database decentralized we use block chain technology. By using this technology we can make the datas more secure and not accessed by anyone. So there is no loss/change of data. Implementing blockchain in e-voting systems can reduce the unauthorized database manipulations. AES algorithm can be used to encrypt the data from the fingerprint sensor. This paper also presents various studies on the existing e-voting systems and shows how our voting system is better and different from the former.

scholarly journals Blockchain in Voting System Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.11) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sakinah Burhanuddin ◽  
Fadhlan Hafizhelmi Kamaru Zaman ◽  
Ahmad Ihsan Mohd Yassin ◽  
Nooritawati Md Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
System Application ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
High Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Voting Methods ◽  
Online Voting ◽  
Very High

Two of the most familiar method of voting is through voting polls and online voting. The main problem with conventional method is the insecurity of the votes to be untemper. Another problem of voting methods is the existence of fraud in voting system. This paper is to propose a method in overcoming these flaws and problems by using the Blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is a secured database and has very high security. The technical concept of the Blockchain technology has many advantages and benefits that could be applied to many technical sectors and have the possibility in changing the world. The concept for this project is to develop a cryptocurrency implementation in the voting system. From there, the transaction votes are kept in the blockchain could be illustrated by examining the block hashes. The outcome of the project shows a transaction of coins from one voter’s wallet into two candidates’ wallet. The transactions were approved through a process of mining and the transactions of coins were a success. The data of the transactions were kept in the blockchain where unique blockhash, which acted as the block’s fingerprint were generated. From there, the integrity of the blockchain technology is illustrated.  

scholarly journals A FRAMEWORK BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN FOR ELECTORAL VOTING SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Democratic Freedom ◽  
Basic Need ◽  
The Cost

Electoral voting system is the pillar to maintain the democratic freedom of any country. The fair and transparent organization of election is the basic need of the country. Many countries are basically using one of two ways to conduct election either using ballot paper or using electronic voting machines. Each one has its own pros and cons. The fast, trust and e-voting is the need of future. In recent years, blockchain technology is rapidly adopted in various fields by various organizations. The Decentralized and cryptographic algorithms are the major reason behind this. Considering the increasing issue of security, trust in the traditional Voting System and future requirements, this paper proposes a framework for E-Voting system based on blockchain technology. This paper discusses the network architecture for blockchain technology, framing the processing casting votes and counting of votes. The analysis of various issues and challenges in electoral system is carried out in context of the proposed framework. This framework may improve the security and decreases the cost of hosting nationwide elections

scholarly journals Going from bad to worse: from Internet voting to blockchain voting

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunoo Park ◽  
Michael Specter ◽  
Neha Narula ◽  
Ronald L Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Computer Security ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Online Voting ◽  
Election Systems ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Voters are understandably concerned about election security. News reports of possible election interference by foreign powers, of unauthorized voting, of voter disenfranchisement, and of technological failures call into question the integrity of elections worldwide. This article examines the suggestions that “voting over the Internet” or “voting on the blockchain” would increase election security, and finds such claims to be wanting and misleading. While current election systems are far from perfect, Internet- and blockchain-based voting would greatly increase the risk of undetectable, nation-scale election failures. Online voting may seem appealing: voting from a computer or smartphone may seem convenient and accessible. However, studies have been inconclusive, showing that online voting may have little to no effect on turnout in practice, and it may even increase disenfranchisement. More importantly, given the current state of computer security, any turnout increase derived from Internet- or blockchain-based voting would come at the cost of losing meaningful assurance that votes have been counted as they were cast, and not undetectably altered or discarded. This state of affairs will continue as long as standard tactics such as malware, zero day, and denial-of-service attacks continue to be effective. This article analyzes and systematizes prior research on the security risks of online and electronic voting, and shows that not only do these risks persist in blockchain-based voting systems, but blockchains may introduce ‘additional’ problems for voting systems. Finally, we suggest questions for critically assessing security risks of new voting system proposals.

scholarly journals Implementation of Smart Contracts Ethereum Blockchain in Web-Based Electronic Voting (e-voting)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ajib Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Election System ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Database Manipulation ◽  
Centralized System

<p>The increasing of digital technology today has helped many people to fulfill their needs. But the election system, still conventionally using paper in its implementation. Elections in general still use a centralized system, where there is an organization that manages it. Some of the problems that may occur in traditional electoral systems are that there are organizations that have full control over the database and system, so the possibility of hacking the database is quite a big opportunity.</p>Blockchain innovation is one arrangement that can be utilized in light of the fact that it has a decentralized framework and the whole database is duplicated by all clients. Blockchain itself has been used by Bitcoin and Ethereum cryptocurrency which is known as a decentralized system. By using the blockchain in database recording on an e-voting system can reduce one source of fraud that is database manipulation. This study discusses the recording of voting data using blockchain technology. The implementation of Smart Contracts contained in the Ethereum Blockchain will be implemented to create this voting system

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