Speleology: rock-climbing and geomorphologic approach

Since 1975 the Club of cavers based at Novosibirsk State University has performed an extra-ordinary method of caver training. Serious rock-climbing preparation and technical mountaineering with a background of intensive physical coaching have resulted in the discovery of large cave systems on the Altai and Sayan ranges. Overcoming high walls up inside the caves using free climbing and the use of aid techniques from alpinism was mandatory. Mountaineering skills allowed us to investigate plateaus on high altitudes on Zeravshanskiy (Mount Patroush) and Gissarskiy (Mount Hodja-Ahcha-Baroun) ranges, as well as pseudo karst in the vicinity of Khan-Tengri, Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua peaks, combined with geological surveying and prospecting. For all times the philosophical aspects of fair play in sports was an inherent part in our activity. The digital presentation of underground mapping and structures monitoring on surface made possible to discover a tectonic-geomorphologic speleogenesis of conglomerate caves of the Narva’s suite (Siberia, Manskiy trough). The most outstanding caves of the massif are Big Oreshnaya and Badjeiskaya, and unique as their length is about 50 km and 10 km respectively, while in general, there is no significant development of caves in such rocks in the world. Our geomorphologic observations show the presence of large linear faults, which played an obvious role in karstogenesis, and the presence of signs of near-surface cave levels, which have not been discovered yet. Desde 1975, el Club de espeleólogos con sede en la Universidad Estatal de Novosibirsk ha llevado a cabo un método extraordinario de formación de espeleólogos. Una seria preparación de escalada en roca y montañismo técnico con un fondo de entrenamiento físico intensivo han dado como resultado el descubrimiento de grandes sistemas de cuevas en las cordilleras de Altai y Sayan. La superación de altas paredes en el interior de las cuevas mediante la escalada libre y el uso de técnicas de ayuda del alpinismo era obligatoria. Los conocimientos de alpinismo nos permitieron investigar las mesetas de gran altura en las cordilleras Zeravshanskiy (Monte Patroush) y Gissarskiy (Monte Hodja-Ahcha-Baroun), así como el pseudokarst en las cercanías de los picos Khan-Tengri, Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua, combinados con la topografía y la prospección geológica. En todo momento los aspectos filosóficos del juego limpio en el deporte fueron parte inherente a nuestra actividad. La presentación digital de la cartografía subterránea y el seguimiento de las estructuras en la superficie permitieron descubrir una espeleogénesis tectónica-geomorfológica de las cuevas de conglomerado del conjunto de Narva (Siberia, la depresión Manskiy). Las cuevas más destacadas del macizo son Big Oreshnaya y Badjeiskaya, y únicas ya que su longitud es de unos 50 km y 10 km respectivamente, mientras que, en general, no hay un desarrollo significativo de cuevas en tales rocas en el mundo. Nuestras observaciones geomorfológicas muestran la presencia de grandes fallas lineales, que desempeñaron un papel evidente en la karstogénesis, y la presencia de indicios de niveles de cuevas cercanos a la superficie, que aún no han sido descubiertos.

The impact of theme-rheme progression method on improving textual coherence and cohesion in L2 writing: A study of L2 learners of English

Coherence and cohesion are considered two main elements of essay writing. Despite their importance in writing, they are still regarded as difficult to teach and learn as compared to grammar and spelling. Theme-rheme development is suggested to be a tool to teach coherence and cohesion in writing. This experimental study was carried out to verify whether the teaching of theme-rheme approach helps the learners to improve their textual coherence. Forty graduate-level students (20 males and 20 females), aging between 19 and 23, participated in the study. The participants were equally divided into two groups. The experimental group was taught coherence and cohesion by using the thematic progression method, whereas the controlled group was taught by using the ordinary method. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to compare the effects of the thematic progression method. The findings show that the teaching of coherence and cohesion through the thematic progression method helped the learners to improve their essay writing quality. The experimental group outweighed the controlled group as it got twice higher marks in the post-test than the pre-test. In contrast, the controlled group showed a negligible improvement.

Absolute Transformation and CLAHE E-Voting System Using Blockchain Technology

Nowadays the growth of digital technology has increased since it is more helpful for people. The main threats in the general ballot system are security and transparency. The current voting system is a centralized system based on a single organization. Main issue in the ordinary method is that only one organization maintains the entire database since it is centralized. The problem is that the organization can make unauthorized access to the database and alter the data or remove the data from the database which leads to loss/change of data. The better solution for this problem is making the existing election system decentralized. For making the database decentralized we use block chain technology. By using this technology we can make the datas more secure and not accessed by anyone. So there is no loss/change of data. Implementing blockchain in e-voting systems can reduce the unauthorized database manipulations. AES algorithm can be used to encrypt the data from the fingerprint sensor. This paper also presents various studies on the existing e-voting systems and shows how our voting system is better and different from the former.

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBILITY OF SUPER RESOLUTION OF UAV ORTHOIMAGES

Since inspection of infrastructures using UAV images seems to be efficient, many systems for infrastructure maintenance using UAV images have been developed recently. For the purpose of more efficient image acquisition, we started an investigation on the possibility of super resolution (SR) of UAV images to obtain high-resolution (HR) orthoimages suitable for infrastructure maintenance. This paper reports an preliminary investigation using existing UAV images acquired for 3D measurement that were not be intended to be utilized for SR. We produced HR orthoimages by three SR methods: image interpolation of a single low-resolution (LR) image by cubic convolution, SR by resampling, and SR based on observation equations. Both SR by resampling and SR based on observation equations utilize multiple overlapping LR images. Results of the investigation demonstrate that SR based on observation equations using multiple overlapping images would be able to provide higher resolution orthoimages than those produced by an ordinary method. The results show that an inaccurate DSM utilized in SR processing degrades the quality of SR results as well. Furthermore, the results illustrate that the quality of the result of SR processing depends rather upon the characteristic of a lens utilized in image acquisition. We think that further investigations on SR using UAV images would be necessary in order to put SR to practical use.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS WITH ELEMENTS OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON SOYA

The work was performed in 2018–2019 in the Chuvash Republic on light gray forest soils. Studies were conducted to determine the impact of various sowing methods and microfertilizers Bloom & Grow and Immune System on the formation of productivity of soybean varieties USKhI-6. The scheme of the 2-factor experiment included the following options: microfertilizers (factor A) - without fertilizers (control) and using microfertilizers; seeding methods (factor B) - ordinary with a row-spacing of 15 cm and wide-row (30 cm). The highest plants were formed with a wide-row method of sowing - 6.7 ... 11.8 cm higher than in the version with the ordinary method of sowing. The introduction of micronutrients also significantly increased the value of this indicator by 2.3 ... 7.4 cm. The highest attachment of the lower beans was noted in the variants using micronutrients (10.3 ... 10.7 cm). The method of sowing did not have a significant effect on this trait. A wide-row method of sowing contributed to an increase in branching and the number of internodes on the main stem, compared with the ordinary. The maximum in the experiment the number of beans (38.2 pcs.) and seeds (58.2 pcs.) from one plant, as well as the weight of 1000 seeds (145.1 g) were noted during wide-row sowing using micronutrient fertilizers. In the same embodiment, the plant safety was 87%, and the yield was the highest in the experiment - 2.04 t/ha. The calculation of economic efficiency was carried out on the basis of technological maps at current regulatory rates. Soybean cultivation was economically viable; profitability for all options was 83.3 ... 106%. The largest (106%) it was with a wide-row method of sowing with the introduction of fertilizers.

The study of methods of sowing of beans varieties in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic

The results of studying the methods of sowing varieties of beans in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic are given. Studies were conducted in 2017–2018. in the University "Student" Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Objects of research - varieties of beans Ballada, Chocolate, Dream hostess. The studies used the methods of the State Commission for varietal testing and statistical processing of the results according to the method of Dospekhov. Field germination in all varieties turned out to be higher when sown with 15 cm row spacing, and the safety of plants for harvesting when sowing with 30 cm row spacing. The vegetation period averaged 102-112 days. In all varieties, the ordinary method allowed to start cleaning 3-4 days earlier. In all varieties, the ordinary method allowed to start cleaning 3-4 days earlier. In the wet year of 2017, bean plants with all sowing methods were higher, but less productive beans were formed on the plants. Sowing methods have had an ambiguous impact on the elements of the crop structure. Thus, in the Ballada and Mistress’s dream varieties, the size of the seeds increases with wide-row sowing, and in the Chocoladnitsa and Mistress’s Dream varieties the number of beans per plant. In 2017, the mistress’s dream variety turned out to be the most productive, while the wide-row sowing reliably exceeded the average by 0.45 t / ha. In 2018, the sowing variant of the ordinary (15 cm) method proved more effective in all varieties. The maximum yield was recorded for the Variety Chocolate variety in 2018 when sowing with 15 cm row spacing - 6.87 t / ha. The results indicate that in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic beans are able to mature and form consistently high yields.

The equivalent strategy in the achievement of chemistry material and emotional intelligence for the fifth grade students of bio-scientific

The research aims to reveal the effectiveness of equivalent strategy in the achievement of the chemistry material and emotional intelligence for students’ fifth grade. The sample of the research consists of (28) students from fifth grade science bio in junior high thankful for Boys, of the Directorate of Education BAGHDAD - Al-Karkh II. The Students are divided between two divisions evenly, Division of (a) a control group which studied according to ordinary method, and the Division (b) It is the experimental group which studied according to the same strategy. Use tests Mann - Whitney (j) of the two independent samples equal to analyze the data. Search results have shown statistically significant differences between the two groups in the academic achievement of chemistry and emotional intelligence differences, and in favor of the experimental group that studied according to the same strategy.

Automatic Weed Detection and Smart Herbicide Sprayer Robot

The ordinary method for murdering weeds (unwanted plants) in a harvest manor is to shower herbicides all over the estate. This outcomes in defilement of the sustenance crops and furthermore the yield turns out to be less as a portion of the production plants pass on alongside the weeds. In this way, there is a requirement for a brilliant weed control framework. In this venture, a picture handling calculation is utilized to take pictures of the manor columns at consistent interims and after recognizing the weeds in the captured image, the weed killer chemical is showered specifically and just on the weeds. The herbicide is put away in a compartment fitted with water pump engines joined to shower spouts. After the weeds are recognized, a flag is signaled from Raspberry Pi to the motor driver IC governing the water pump motors to shower the chemicals over the unwanted vegetation.

NEW METHODS OF ACCOUNTING FOR VERTICAL REFRACTION WITH TRIGONOMETRIC LIVELING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

In the conditions of Uzbekistan, a simple and ordinary method of refraction is used to determine the relative elevations without vertical refraction coefficient or angle. Described that these methods require a two-sided simultaneous or non-simultaneous geodetic measurements. Working formulas for vertical refraction are presented by calculating vertical gradients in geodetic measurement points.