scholarly journals Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounu Prem ◽  
Miguel E. Purroy ◽  
Juan F. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
Post War

Demining campaigns are key to remove anti-personnel landmines, one of the main causes of civilian victimization in conflict-affected areas and a significant obstacle for post-war reconstruction and long-term development. We argue that the documented positive economic effects of mines' clearance campaigns are likely not the case if demining operations take place while conflicts are ongoing or if they are only partial. Using highly disaggregated data on demining operations in Colombia from 2004 to 2019 and exploiting the staggered fashion of demining, we find that only post-conflict humanitarian demining generates economic growth (measured with nighttime light density) and increases students' performance in test scores. In contrast, economic activity does not react to post-conflict demining events carried out during military operations, and it decreases if demining takes place while the conflict is ongoing. Rather, those types of demining are more likely to exacerbate extractive activities that do not manifest in higher economic growth but increase deforestation instead.

Corruption, public debt and economic growth – evidence from developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of corruption on public debt and economic growth in 20 developing countries over the period 1996-2018. Design/methodology/approach This study makes use of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to detect the long-term relationships, on the one hand, between corruption and public debt and, on the other hand, between corruption and economic growth. Findings The empirical results reveal that corruption increases the debt-to-GDP ratio and that the interactions between corruption and public revenues and between corruption and public spending have a positive influence on public debt in the long run. The estimations also show that high corruption hampers long-term economic growth and increases the negative effect of public debt on economic growth in developing countries. Originality/value While corruption is a prevalent phenomenon in most developing countries, the literature still lacks empirical examination of its economic effects. This study fills this gap with the aim of highlighting that high corruption hinders development in developing nations. This study also examines the impact of the interactions between corruption and components of the fiscal balance on public debt. Moreover, while the existing empirical literature uses regression techniques, this paper uses a panel ARDL approach to detect the long-term effects of corruption.

Risky Business in Conflict Zones: Opportunities and Threats in Post Conflict Economies

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Hacioglu ◽  
Ismail Erkan Celik ◽  
Hasan Dincer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
International Firms ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Risk

Attracting international businesses and enterprises to transfer both resources and capabilities into post conflict economies is a must for sustaining long term stability, economic growth and success of recovery process. Recently, international business organizations operating in post-conflict countries became more integrated with recovery and transition process of post conflict economies. In this study, the opportunities and threats for international firms operating in post conflicted economies have been evaluated based on literature review. This study also demonstrates that (1) investment opportunities in transition economies are attractive for short and mid-term, (2) capturing undervalued firms, accessing unique marketplace, benefiting incentives, accessing IMF’s and the World Bank’s low cost credit resources and having a good reputation via contributing into stability and peace are just some of the major advantage (3) the loss of control and capital attached to the risk of unstable political conditions, the possibility of high ethnic tensions and violent riots, the lack effective corporate culture and high burden of inside conflicts, the lack of sustainable economic growth and the risk of new tax packages have negative impacts on long term success for the firms (4) the conflict risk itself is major problem dissolving investment conditions.

scholarly journals (A326) The Military Veterinarian's Role in Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s92-s92
Author(s):  
J.C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Failing States ◽  
The Military

Stabilization and reconstruction operations in failed or failing states require a bottom-up approach, focusing on the population as the strategic center of gravity. This bottom-up approach must address the population's basic needs as defined by Dr. Abraham Maslow's “Hierarchy of Needs” and provide a long-term means of self-sufficiency, rather than creating an “aid dependent economy”. Focusing stabilization and reconstruction operations on agricultural and agricultural related projects provides relief from donor dependency, stimulates economic growth, and thwarts the power of spoilers. Military veterinary personnel are uniquely qualified to design and implement agricultural stabilization and reconstruction programs in conjunction with the host-state ministries and agencies across the full range of military operations. Early, sustained engagement by military veterinarians stimulates agricultural productivity, improves animal and human health, directly supports the population's hierarchy of needs on all levels, and accelerates stabilization operations by reducing the population's susceptibility to spoilers.

scholarly journals The Study Examining the Effect of Research Activities on Economic Growth: The Case of Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Safdari Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Time Series ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Term Relation ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Education Today

The education system in every country is a regular process and each year a big part of government budget and also private investments are allocated toward this system. In addition, some of the best years of every human are spent in schools and under education. Today, the economic effects of research are accounted as very important, because the relationship between level of education and income is proved to be positive. It means that educated people, in equal situation, will earn more money. More research makes people more skilled and these skills would lead to more production and service. So, in this study we will survey the relation between educated labors and economic growth in Iran. We showed that there's a long term relationship between these two, which is a positive and meaningful relation. In this study, we use production function (Feder, 1983), and also using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) co integration method, we will survey this long term relation, error correction model (ECM) and their dynamism effects. Most of past studies have used partial data (data from a certain time period); the problem with this method is that an average relationship is used, hence it won't yield any information more than what we just need. Only the studies by Love (1987) and Wilson (1994) have used time series in surveying this relationship. But, because most of the economic time series are non stationary, there is the possibility of artificial regression. In order to avoid the consequences, unit-root tests (Phillips-Perron & Augmented Dickey-Fuller) is used.

Economic Growth: The Last Hundred Years

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 24-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Paige ◽  
F. T. Blackaby ◽  
S. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Since the war the economies of some developed countries appear to have been growing exceptionally fast (table 1, chart 1). From 1950 onwards six countries have shown growth rates of 3 to 6 per cent; four of these have shown rates of over 3 per cent since 1954, by which time the effects of post-war recovery might be expected to have been over. These rates are nearly all more than twice as high as the long-term averages of the countries concerned. Does this imply that they are some kind of spurt rates which will inevitably revert, sooner or later, to more ‘normal’ rates of growth?

The Second Start of Transformation in Ukraine?

2014 ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grigoryev ◽  
E. Buryak ◽  
A. Golyashev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Political Turmoil

The Ukrainian socio-economic crisis has been developing for years and resulted in the open socio-political turmoil and armed conflict. The Ukrainian population didn’t meet objectives of the post-Soviet transformation, and people were disillusioned for years, losing trust in the state and the Future. The role of workers’ remittances in the Ukrainian economy is underestimated, since the personal consumption and stability depend strongly on them. Social inequality, oligarchic control of key national assets contributed to instability as well as regional disparity, aggravated by identity differences. Economic growth is slow due to a long-term underinvestment, and prospects of improvement are dependent on some difficult institutional reforms, macro stability, open external markets and the elites’ consensus. Recovering after socio-economic and political crisis will need not merely time, but also governance quality improvement, institutions reform, the investment climate revival - that can be attributed as the second transformation in Ukraine.

Russian low carbon development strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
I. A. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scenario Projections

The article presents the key results of scenario projections that underpinned the Strategy for long-term low carbon economic development of the Russian Federation to 2050, including analysis of potential Russia’s GHG emission mitigation commitments to 2050 and assessment of relevant costs, benefits, and implications for Russia’s GDP. Low carbon transformation of the Russian economy is presented as a potential driver for economic growth that offers trillions-of-dollars-worth market niches for low carbon products by mid-21st century. Transition to low carbon economic growth is irreversible. Lagging behind in this technological race entails a security risk and technological backwardness hazards.

Is inflation targeting useful for economic growth?

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kartaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Potential Channels

The paper presents an overview of studies of the effects of inflation targeting on long-term economic growth. We analyze the potential channels of influence, as well as modern empirical studies that test performance of these channels. We compare the effects of different variants of inflation targeting (strict and mixed). Based on the analysis recommendations on the choice of optimal (in terms of stimulating long-term growth) regime of monetary policy in developed and developing economies are formulated.

Low-Carbon Russia: Prospects after the Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Scenario Approach

On the eve of the worldwide negotiations of a new climate agreement in December 2009 in Copenhagen it is important to clearly understand what Russia can do to mitigate energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in the medium (until 2020) and in the long term (until 2050). The paper investigates this issue using modeling tools and scenario approach. It concludes that transition to the "Low-Carbon Russia" scenarios must be accomplished in 2020—2030 or sooner, not only to mitigate emissions, but to block potential energy shortages and its costliness which can hinder economic growth.

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