Left Behind? The impact of geographical mobility on children's educational attainment in Finland and Germany.

It is often assumed that families migrate to improve their economic and social prospects, and that these additional resources can benefit the whole family. However, existing research suggests that many children who have experienced (internal) migration underperform compared to their non-migrating peers in terms of different socioeconomic outcomes. In this paper, we study the effects of geographical mobility on children’s educational attainment in Finland and Germany using Finnish register data and the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) respectively.Our findings indicate that moving during childhood is associated with the risk of not attaining any secondary degree in both countries. In Finland, this is mostly explained by negative selection into moving, (i.e. those who move are more likely to be disadvantaged). For Germany however, an independent association between moving and educational attainment remains after taking into account various reasons why families move. Furthermore, for both Germany and Finland, any labour force status or earning gains parents make, after a move, do not seem to compensate for the negative influence of internal migration on children’s educational attainment. Overall, we conclude that that when children move something remains behind, therefore schools have an important role to play in integrating internal migrants – as well as international migrants – into the social networks of the schools they arrive in.

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Immigrant Occupational Composition and the Earnings of Immigrants and Natives in Germany: Sorting or Devaluation?

International Migration Review ◽

10.1111/imre.12209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 475-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Boris Heizmann ◽

Anne Busch-Heizmann ◽

Elke Holst

Keyword(s):

Panel Study ◽

White Collar ◽

Negative Influence ◽

German Microcensus ◽

Using Data ◽

Occupational Composition ◽

The Impact ◽

Quality Sorting

In this article, the influence of immigrant occupational composition on the earnings of immigrants and natives in Germany is examined. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study and the German Microcensus, several relevant concepts are tested. The notion of quality sorting states that the differences in wages that are associated with the immigrant share within occupations are due only to differences in qualification requirements. Cultural devaluation assumes a negative influence over and above that of quality sorting. The findings indicate that both processes are at work. Additional analyses reveal that the impact of immigrant occupational composition is largely restricted to white-collar occupations, which underlines the importance of considering historical differences between occupation types in classic migration destinations such as Germany.

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Initial employment pathways of immigrants in Germany. Why legal contexts of reception matter – an analysis of life-course data

Transfer European Review of Labour and Research ◽

10.1177/1024258918818069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 43-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janina Söhn

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Labour Force ◽

Panel Study ◽

High Status ◽

Legal Context ◽

Legal Contexts ◽

The Impact ◽

The Empirical Analysis ◽

Contexts Of Reception ◽

Third Country Nationals

This article investigates the impact of legal status on economic integration opportunities after immigrants arrive in Germany. Those coming from European Union (EU) countries experience a legal context of reception quite distinct from those from outside the EU, i.e. third-country nationals. Of these third-country nationals, asylum-seekers are particularly vulnerable as long as their legal status is unresolved. The empirical analysis (National Educational Panel Study) of longitudinal employment patterns studies persons who moved to Germany as adults between 1964 and 2003. Results show that, while EU nationals had the highest likelihood of entering high-status occupations immediately after arrival, a large proportion of refugees persistently faced difficulties in entering the labour force or at most slowly gained access to unskilled jobs. By contrast, politically privileged ethnic German resettlers ( Aussiedler), though experiencing initial unemployment similar to refugees, managed to transition into employment fairly fast. Other third-country nationals are situated between resettlers and EU nationals.

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Internal migration

Oxford Textbook of Migrant Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780198833741.003.0023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 203-208

Author(s):

Bharathram Sathur Raghuraman ◽

Santosh Chaturvedi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Internal Migration ◽

Health Issues ◽

Quality Health Care ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The World ◽

Quality Health ◽

Internal Migrants ◽

The Impact

This chapter reviews existing literature on the statistics of internal migration spanning across all the continents of the world to better understand the gigantic nature of this constantly occurring phenomenon especially in low- and middle-income countries. The chapter also focuses on the impact of internal migration on health by reviewing literature on phenomenon such as the ‘healthy migrant’. The possible implications of internal migration on mental health are detailed, including possible hypotheses underpinning the development of mental health issues in migrants and the chapter briefly reviews the possible resilient protective factors in migrants. Various studies on the impact of internal migration on the prevalence of common and severe mental illnesses from across the world are discussed in the text. The chapter ends with a section reviewing the existing literature on the problems faced by internal migrants in terms of availability and accessibility to quality health care and the need for macro-level healthcare reforms especially in developing nations such as India.

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Internal Migration, Earnings, and the Importance of Self-selection

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v33i3pp.211-227 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 211-227

Author(s):

Ather Maqsood Ahmed ◽

Ismail Sirageldin

Keyword(s):

Internal Migration ◽

Labour Force ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Migration Decision ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Model Framework ◽

Household Level ◽

And Migration ◽

The Impact

This paper analyses the impact of internal migration on earnings within the human capital model framework. Since migrants constitute a non-random sample of population, the endogenous nature of migration decision warrants necessary correction for the selectivity bias in their eamings function. The Mincer-type eamings model is thus augmented to determine the extent of this bias. Besides estimating the standard Mincerian eamings model, the paper also attempts to verify the leam-as-you-go proposition by introducing migration duration variables in the eamings model. Based on the household level Population, Labour Force, and Migration (1979- 80) survey data, the analysis yields the following important conclusions: (i) the data allowed a meaningful estimation of Mincerian earnings function for migrants and non-migrants; (ii) the level of schooling was one of the important determinants of the distribution of income both for migrants and non-migrants-the four categorical variables of education were in general statistically significant with expected signs, implying that the hypothesis of a positive relationship between income and education was accepted; (iii) the rates of return to education improved systematically with higher levels of education, thus confirming the notion that education serves as a signalling device; (iv) the age-income profile was almost linear for migrants but showed concavity for non-migrants; (v) the presence of sample-selection was observed for migrants; and (vi) even after controlling for the influence of personal characteristics, i.e., education and experience, the long-standing migrants eamed relatively more at the destination than the more recent migrants.

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Prior exposure to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial beliefs

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research ◽

10.1108/ijebr-05-2016-0160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 591-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brian T. McCann

Keyword(s):

Panel Study ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Prior Exposure ◽

Prior Work ◽

Entrepreneurial Process ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Entrepreneurial Beliefs

Purpose To contribute to the knowledge of factors that shape entrepreneurial beliefs, the purpose of this paper is to theorize and empirically test how individuals’ general attitudes toward entrepreneurship based on exposure to others’ prior entrepreneurial activities are related to beliefs surrounding current entrepreneurial opportunities. Positive attitudes based on prior exposure can lead to bias in the beliefs about current opportunities being evaluated, suggesting that positive affect can be a negative influence in the entrepreneurial process. Design/methodology/approach The sample is the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I, a nationally representative, longitudinal data set of US adults in the process of starting businesses. Regression analyses demonstrate how general attitudes are associated with beliefs about level of future sales, probability of venture survival, and levels of financial, competitive, and operational uncertainty. Findings Nascent entrepreneurs with more positive general attitudes toward entrepreneurship form more optimistic estimates of the financial performance and survival likelihood of their future ventures. They also estimate lower levels of environmental uncertainty. Originality/value This research extends understanding of the impact of prior exposure to entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurial process. It also contributes to increasing understanding of the determinants of entrepreneurial beliefs and extends prior work that has considered cognitive determinants (knowledge and motivation) to consider emotional determinants (affect-infused attitudes), consistent with the heightened recent interest in the role of emotion in entrepreneurship. This research provides a different perspective on the role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. While prior work addressing affect in entrepreneurship has explored the positive aspects of affect, the present study suggests that affect may not have a uniformly positive influence.

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Public space of the trustworthiness of sociological knowledge: The case of electoral research

Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing ◽

10.15407/sociology2020.03.013 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

OLEKSANDR STEGNII

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Research Process ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Election Campaign ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Good Tool ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

The Public ◽

Approval Ratings ◽

The Impact

The paper analyses specific features of sociological data circulation in a public space during an election campaign. The basic components of this kind of space with regard to sociological research are political actors (who put themselves up for the election), voters and agents. The latter refer to professional groups whose corporate interests are directly related to the impact on the election process. Sociologists can also be seen as agents of the electoral process when experts in the field of electoral sociology are becoming intermingled with manipulators without a proper professional background and publications in this field. In a public space where an electoral race is unfolding, empirical sociological research becomes the main form of obtaining sociological knowledge, and it is primarily conducted to measure approval ratings. Electoral research serves as an example of combining the theoretical and empirical components of sociological knowledge, as well as its professional and public dimensions. Provided that sociologists meet all the professional requirements, electoral research can be used as a good tool for evaluating the trustworthiness of results reflecting the people’s expression of will. Being producers of sociological knowledge, sociologists act in two different capacities during an election campaign: as analysts and as pollsters. Therefore, it is essential that the duties and areas of responsibility for professional sociologists should be separated from those of pollsters. Another thing that needs to be noted is the negative influence that political strategists exert on the trustworthiness of survey findings which are going to be released to the public. Using the case of approval ratings as an illustration, the author analyses the most common techniques aimed at misrepresenting and distorting sociological data in the public space. Particular attention is given to the markers that can detect bogus polling companies, systemic violations during the research process and data falsification.

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Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

10.26756/th.2020.158 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sally N. Youssef

Keyword(s):

Internal Migration ◽

Low Income ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Migration Studies ◽

Rural Urban Migration ◽

Low Income Women ◽

The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

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TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b947aa3adc5.05338566 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elizaveta Derevenets ◽

Elizaveta Derevenets

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Standard Technique ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Exhaust Gases ◽

The Road ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Federal Highway ◽

On The Road ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

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