Immigrant Occupational Composition and the Earnings of Immigrants and Natives in Germany: Sorting or Devaluation?

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Heizmann ◽  
Anne Busch-Heizmann ◽  
Elke Holst
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
German Microcensus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Occupational Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Sorting

In this article, the influence of immigrant occupational composition on the earnings of immigrants and natives in Germany is examined. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study and the German Microcensus, several relevant concepts are tested. The notion of quality sorting states that the differences in wages that are associated with the immigrant share within occupations are due only to differences in qualification requirements. Cultural devaluation assumes a negative influence over and above that of quality sorting. The findings indicate that both processes are at work. Additional analyses reveal that the impact of immigrant occupational composition is largely restricted to white-collar occupations, which underlines the importance of considering historical differences between occupation types in classic migration destinations such as Germany.

scholarly journals Same Same but Different – Changing Career Expectations in Germany?

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Kattenbach ◽  
Janine Lücke ◽  
Michael Schlese ◽  
Florian Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Career Mobility ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Career Expectations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Career Research ◽  
Workforce Composition ◽  
The Impact

Contemporary career research assumes more flexible career patterns implying increased job mobility. However, there is growing doubt that the proclaimed change is as drastic as has been suggested. We provide empirical evidence on career expectations in Germany between 1999 and 2009, arguing that objective career mobility is both a) mirrored by and b) a consequence of such expectations. Using data from the German socio-economic panel, we test for a general shift in subjective career expectations, job insecurity, and turnover intention among male and female white collar employees and managers. The major finding is that career expectations remain quite stable over time. Managers and professionals have more positive career expectations than other white collar employees but there is not a growing gap. Regarding the impact of explaining factors on job expectations, there is again no detectable trend. With this in mind, changes in workforce composition and characteristics of specific occupational groups prove to be more relevant for career expectations than a shift towards boundaryless aspirations.

scholarly journals Left Behind? The impact of geographical mobility on children's educational attainment in Finland and Germany.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McMullin ◽  
Jani Erola ◽  
Elina Kilpi-Jakonen ◽  
Aleksi Karhula
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
The Impact

It is often assumed that families migrate to improve their economic and social prospects, and that these additional resources can benefit the whole family. However, existing research suggests that many children who have experienced (internal) migration underperform compared to their non-migrating peers in terms of different socioeconomic outcomes. In this paper, we study the effects of geographical mobility on children’s educational attainment in Finland and Germany using Finnish register data and the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) respectively.Our findings indicate that moving during childhood is associated with the risk of not attaining any secondary degree in both countries. In Finland, this is mostly explained by negative selection into moving, (i.e. those who move are more likely to be disadvantaged). For Germany however, an independent association between moving and educational attainment remains after taking into account various reasons why families move. Furthermore, for both Germany and Finland, any labour force status or earning gains parents make, after a move, do not seem to compensate for the negative influence of internal migration on children’s educational attainment. Overall, we conclude that that when children move something remains behind, therefore schools have an important role to play in integrating internal migrants – as well as international migrants – into the social networks of the schools they arrive in.

scholarly journals AGENCY IN LATE-CAREER TRANSITIONS: THE IMPACT ON ADJUSTMENT AND SATISFACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S21-S21
Author(s):  
van Solinge
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Career Transitions ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In research on late career transitions agency is implicitly assumed. The extent to which older adults are able to shape their late career in the face of external constraints, such as a rising state pension age, may however be limited. Constraint agency may have impact on well-being. Using data from a panel study among 5,300 older workers in the Netherlands, we examined the impact of agency in the work-retirement transition on adjustment and life satisfaction. Results show that adjustment to a the higher retirement age is more challenging than adjustment to retirement. Life satisfaction increased among those who retired, but not among those who remained working. One third experienced constrained agency (involuntary retirement or non-retirement). The negative association between constrained agency and life satisfaction was stronger for participants still in the labor force than for retirees. Our findings demonstrate that involuntary non-retirement has stronger implications for well-being than involuntary retirement.

scholarly journals Hitting Close to Home: The Effect of COVID-19 Illness in the Social Environment on Psychological Burden in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Richter ◽  
Theresa Heidinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 experience of infection in the individual’s social environment on psychological burden controlling for a broad range of factors using data on an older population (50+ years). Based on the empirical evidence of preexisting studies, it is hypothesized that psychological burden will increase concurrent to the severity of COVID-19 experience (tested positive, hospitalized, and death) independent of the other stressors resulting from the pandemic, such as a subjective sense of uncertainty or financial burden. Data of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in EUROPE, and a European cross-national panel study were used to examine this hypothesis. Besides Chi2 test and Spearman’s rho, a logistic regression model was constructed to test the hypothesized model. The study confirms that there is significantly higher risk for psychological burden by heightened COVID-19 severity in the social environment independent of multiple also significantly influential variables depicting stressors to everyday life of older people during the pandemic. The results point to the importance of multiple factors (social, financial, health, and sociodemographic) which have significantly affected the psychological condition of the individual during the past year. Conclusively, the results illustrate the dilemma that infection and illness in the social circle, as well as countermeasures (social distancing), have negative consequences for our mental health.

scholarly journals No personality change following unemployment: A registered replication of Boyce, Wood, Daly, and Sedikides (2015)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Barbara Stiglbauer
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
National Education ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The involuntary loss of paid employment represents an adverse life event that has been suggested to lead to personality change. However, previous research has reported highly contradictory findings. Therefore, a replication of Boyce, Wood, Daly, and Sedikides (2015) is presented. These authors originally identified nonlinear changes in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Using data from the German National Education Panel Study (N = 5,005), we examined the impact of unemployment on personality change across three years. Latent change analyses indicated no effect of job loss on any Big Five trait. Moderating effects of unemployment duration or gender were not found. Even analyses accounting for potential selection effects led to comparable results. Thus, personality seemed invariant despite changes in employment status.

GENDER, PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL STRATEGY: A DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES PERSPECTIVE

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN COLEMAN ◽  
DAFNA KARIV
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Financial Strategy ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Financial Strategies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurial Dynamics

This article explores the impact of financial strategy, by gender, on firm performance using data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED). Our findings reveal that financial strategies do have an impact on performance and that female and male entrepreneurs use different financial strategies. Our findings also show no significant performance differences in female- versus male-owned firms in the earliest years of the firm, although significant differences did emerge in the later years. Finally, our findings attest to the dynamic and "cumulative" effect of financial strategy.

Effects of grade retention on academic performance and behavioral development

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA PAGANI ◽  
RICHARD E. TREMBLAY ◽  
FRANK VITARO ◽  
BERNARD BOULERICE ◽  
PIERRE MCDUFF
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Grade Retention ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the controversial practice of grade retention and children's academic and behavioral adjustment using data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children. We employed an autoregressive modeling technique to detect the impact of being held back during primary school on subsequent academic performance and behavioral development until age 12 years. The results indicate both a short- and long-term negative influence on academic performance for boys and girls. Children's anxious, inattentive, and disruptive behaviors persisted and, in some cases, worsened after grade retention. These prospective associations were long lasting and more pronounced when grade retention occurred early in primary school. Boys were more vulnerable to the negative influence of grade retention on academic performance and classroom disruptiveness. Disruptive behavior in girls was comparatively less associated with long-term consequences than boys. Nevertheless, girls experienced both short- and long-term academic performance problems in the aftermath of grade retention. Children's prosocial behavior appeared unaffected by grade retention. These results are independent of what would have been expected by the natural course of academic and behavioral development.

Prior exposure to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial beliefs

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurial Beliefs

Purpose To contribute to the knowledge of factors that shape entrepreneurial beliefs, the purpose of this paper is to theorize and empirically test how individuals’ general attitudes toward entrepreneurship based on exposure to others’ prior entrepreneurial activities are related to beliefs surrounding current entrepreneurial opportunities. Positive attitudes based on prior exposure can lead to bias in the beliefs about current opportunities being evaluated, suggesting that positive affect can be a negative influence in the entrepreneurial process. Design/methodology/approach The sample is the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics I, a nationally representative, longitudinal data set of US adults in the process of starting businesses. Regression analyses demonstrate how general attitudes are associated with beliefs about level of future sales, probability of venture survival, and levels of financial, competitive, and operational uncertainty. Findings Nascent entrepreneurs with more positive general attitudes toward entrepreneurship form more optimistic estimates of the financial performance and survival likelihood of their future ventures. They also estimate lower levels of environmental uncertainty. Originality/value This research extends understanding of the impact of prior exposure to entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurial process. It also contributes to increasing understanding of the determinants of entrepreneurial beliefs and extends prior work that has considered cognitive determinants (knowledge and motivation) to consider emotional determinants (affect-infused attitudes), consistent with the heightened recent interest in the role of emotion in entrepreneurship. This research provides a different perspective on the role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. While prior work addressing affect in entrepreneurship has explored the positive aspects of affect, the present study suggests that affect may not have a uniformly positive influence.

scholarly journals Trajectories of depression and anxiety during enforced isolation due to COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of 59,318 adults in the UK with and without diagnosed mental illness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Feifei Bu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID-19 outbreak on mental health.A number of studies suggest that mental health deteriorated in many countries prior to enforced isolation (“lockdown”), but it remains unknown how mental health has changed during lockdown.AimsThis study explored trajectories of anxiety and depression over the first two months of lockdown using data from the UK, and compared the experiences of individuals with and without diagnosed mental illness.MethodsData from 53,328 adults in the UCL COVID-19 Social Study (a well-stratified panel study weighted to population proportions collecting data weekly during the Covid-19 pandemic) were analysed from 21/03/2020-10/05/2020. Growth curve modelling was fitted accounting for socio-demographic and health covariates.Results24.4% of the sample had scores indicating moderate-severe anxiety, and 31.4% indicating moderate-severe depressive symptoms. Over the first two months of lockdown, there was only a slight decrease in anxiety levels amongst participants as a whole and a very small decrease in depression levels between weeks 3-6 that then increased again in weeks 7-8. Adults with pre-existing diagnoses of mental health conditions had higher levels of anxiety and depression but there was no evidence of widening inequalities in mental health experiences compared to people without existing mental illness.ConclusionsResults suggest there has been little improvement in depression and only slight improvements in anxiety since lockdown commenced in the UK. These findings suggest greater efforts need to be made to help individuals manage their mental health during the pandemic.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document