scholarly journals Identifying people in poverty: a multidimensional deprivation measure for the EU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selçuk Bedük
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Multidimensional Deprivation ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Deprivation Measure ◽  
The Eu

In this article, I propose a multidimensional deprivation measure of poverty for the EU. The paper stands on the claim that a deprivation measure can be adequate, both conceptually and empirically, to capture poverty in the EU defined in Townsendian terms. Yet existing deprivation scales have three conceptual problems such as data-driven specification, neglected dimensionality and missing dimensions, and four data problems such as limited extent, cross-cultural equivalization, behavioral choices and reporting error. To address conceptual problems, I offer a concept-led methodology for constructing a multidimensional measure. To address data problems, I apply a post-hoc adjustment strategy using dual criteria of income poverty and financial strain. The proposed measure has four dimensions, namely needs for basic goods, health, education, leisure and social relationships, where each dimension is evaluated separately with relevant scales. When compared to the formal EU 2020 poverty target measure, the proposed measure is more likely to capture people with needs and lower resources as well as those in less affluent countries than those in more affluent countries. The (adjusted) proposed measure can be used as a stand-alone indicator to identify a target population for policy; or the unadjusted proposed measure can be combined with an income poverty measure to identify a worst-off group within that target population.

scholarly journals Targeting Poverty: Lessons from Monitoring Ireland's National Anti-Poverty Strategy

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD LAYTE ◽  
BRIAN NOLAN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER T. WHELAN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Global Target ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Deprivation Measure ◽  
Over Time

In 1997 the Irish government adopted the National Anti-Poverty Strategy (NAPS), a global target for the reduction of poverty which illuminates a range of issues relating to official poverty targets. The Irish target is framed in terms of a relative poverty measure incorporating both relative income and direct measures of deprivation based on data on the extent of poverty from 1994. Since 1994 Ireland has experienced an unprecedented period of economic growth that makes it particularly important to assess whether the target has been achieved, but in doing so we cannot avoid asking some underlying questions about how poverty should be measured and monitored over time. After briefly outlining the nature of the NAPS measure, this article examines trends in poverty in Ireland between 1987 and 1997. Results show that the relative income and deprivation components of the NAPS measure reveal differential trends with increasing relative income poverty, but decreasing deprivation. However, this differential could be due to the fact that the direct measures of deprivation upon which NAPS is based have not been updated to take account of changes in real living standards and increasing expectations. To test whether this is so, we examine the extent to which expectations about living standards and the structure of deprivation have changed over time using confirmatory factor analysis and tests of criterion validity using different definitions of deprivation. Results show that the combined income and deprivation measure, as originally constituted, continues to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation resulting from a lack of resources.

The Scottish Conservatives and Europe: The Reluctant Brexit Party

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Anthony Salamone
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The European Union ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

As Scottish Conservative leader, Ruth Davidson was a prominent campaigner for a ‘Remain’ vote in the European Union referendum of June 2016. Following the 2017 general election, meanwhile, Davidson repositioned herself as someone who could – aided by 13 Scottish Tory MPs in the House of Commons – influence the Brexit negotiations and nudge the UK Conservative Party towards a ‘soft’ rather than ‘hard’ deal with the EU. This chapter considers the impact of Brexit on the Scottish Conservatives during the leadership of Ruth Davidson in four dimensions: Brexit’s distinct Scottish political context, its electoral consequences, the conduct of Brexit within the UK, and the Brexit negotiations themselves. It concludes with reflections on the future prospects for the Scottish party in light of all four dimensions.

Parental mediation of internet use and cultural values across Europe: Investigating the predictive power of the Hofstedian paradigm

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mertens ◽  
Leen d’Haenens
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Parental Mediation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU Kids Online project aims to enhance knowledge of the experiences and practices of European children and their parents regarding online risks and safety. A crucial research effort by the EU Kids Online network has been a survey in 25 European countries which targeted approximately 1,000 children per country. This article applies a cross-cultural values filter to the data that were gathered on parental mediation and the Internet in this survey. Our intention is to test whether Geert Hofstede’s cross-national research results about national cultural values also apply to the EU Kids Online data on parental mediation. This implies studying collectivism versus individualism, low versus high power distance, masculinity versus femininity and low versus high uncertainty avoidance. We test whether differences between nations on these four dimensions correlate with differences between countries in parental mediation of the Internet and we test which European countries form clusters.

scholarly journals Ageing, income and living standards: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD BERTHOUD ◽  
MORTEN BLEKESAUNE ◽  
RUTH HANCOCK
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Experience

ABSTRACTIn Britain, older people have lower average incomes and a higher risk of income poverty than the general population. Older pensioners are more likely to be in poverty than younger ones. Yet certain indicators of their living standards suggest that older people experience less hardship than expected, given their incomes. A possible explanation is that older people convert income into basic living standards at a higher rate than younger people, implying that as people age they need less income to achieve a given standard of living. Much existing evidence has been based on cross-sectional data and therefore may not be a good guide to the consequences of ageing. We use longitudinal data on people aged at least 50 years from the British Household Panel Survey to investigate the effects of ageing on the relationship between standard of living, as measured by various deprivation indices, and income. We find that for most indices, ageing increases deprivation when controlling for income and other factors. The exception is a subjective index of ‘financial strain’, which appears to fall as people age. We also find evidence of cohort effects. At any given age and income, more-recently-born older people in general experience more deprivation than those born longer ago. To some extent these ageing and cohort effects balance out, which suggests that pensions do not need to change with age.

Does Child Income Poverty Measure Child Well-Being Internationally?

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradshaw ◽  
Dominic Richardson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Industrialised Countries

To date the main indicator used to compare the well-being of children in industrialised countries has been the proportion of children in income poverty. This article exploits data from recent work developing indices of child well-being in EU, OECD and CEE/CIS countries to explore whether child income poverty is a good representation of a wider understanding of child well-being. Using the poverty estimates in each index, as well as more recent estimates for the European Union, we find that for OECD countries income poverty still has some explanatory power but this is not the case for EU and CEE/CIS countries.

scholarly journals Asset Poverty and Material Hardship in South Korea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoon Weon ◽  
David W. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Poor

Decades of research and experience with anti-poverty programs around the world have revealed that there is more to poverty than simply maintaining a certain income level. However, until recently, poverty analysis in Korea has been mostly based on income. This study examines the multidimensional living conditions of the poor and its causes in Korea by testing the association between the material hardship and asset and income poverty. Material hardship is a direct poverty measure to identify the poor as those whose actual consumption fails to meet the basic needs. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of the living conditions of the poor and the causes of material hardship including food, housing, utilities, and health hardship. Using the binary logistic regression analysis, this study found that households who were poor only in assets (and not income) were more likely than households who were income poor but not asset poor to experience all types of material hardship except for food. This finding suggests that the asset poor are more vulnerable to material hardship than is estimated by the income poverty measure. We describe how future research needs to expand hardship measures to encompass various living conditions in relation to the current Korean social context. This study implies that policy responses to poverty could be improved to the extent they consider the type and amount of a household’s available economic resources.

EU FinTech Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Iustina Alina Boitan ◽  
Teodora Cristina Barbu
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Financial Technology

The chapter focuses on the innovative financial technology called FinTech and explores its prospects for becoming a catalyst for financial inclusion. The novelty of the research approach resides in being the first study computing an EU FinTech index for the EU member countries. The index gathers four dimensions and provides insights on whether the FinTech environment in one country is better or worse compared to other countries in the sample. Countries' ranking based on index scores computed for two different years show that Sweden, Finland, Luxembourg, and Germany are always placed on the top of the hierarchy. Therefore, they exhibit real development opportunities in this regard. At the opposite are some countries in South-Eastern Europe that persistently record the lowest FinTech index scores; thus, there is still room for improvements in terms of market players' presence, existing regulation, access to digital financial inclusion.

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