scholarly journals Ageing, income and living standards: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD BERTHOUD ◽  
MORTEN BLEKESAUNE ◽  
RUTH HANCOCK
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Experience

ABSTRACTIn Britain, older people have lower average incomes and a higher risk of income poverty than the general population. Older pensioners are more likely to be in poverty than younger ones. Yet certain indicators of their living standards suggest that older people experience less hardship than expected, given their incomes. A possible explanation is that older people convert income into basic living standards at a higher rate than younger people, implying that as people age they need less income to achieve a given standard of living. Much existing evidence has been based on cross-sectional data and therefore may not be a good guide to the consequences of ageing. We use longitudinal data on people aged at least 50 years from the British Household Panel Survey to investigate the effects of ageing on the relationship between standard of living, as measured by various deprivation indices, and income. We find that for most indices, ageing increases deprivation when controlling for income and other factors. The exception is a subjective index of ‘financial strain’, which appears to fall as people age. We also find evidence of cohort effects. At any given age and income, more-recently-born older people in general experience more deprivation than those born longer ago. To some extent these ageing and cohort effects balance out, which suggests that pensions do not need to change with age.

scholarly journals Rural Poverty Dynamics in Pakistan: Evidence from Three Waves of the Panel Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Arif ◽  
Shujaat Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Rural Poverty ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Poverty analysis in developing countries including Pakistan has in general focused on poverty trends based on cross-sectional datasets, with very little attention being paid to dynamics—of transitory or chronic poverty. Transitory poor are those who move out or fall into poverty between two or more points of time whereas the chronic poor remain in the poverty trap for a significant period of their lives. The static measures of households’ standard of living do not necessarily provide a good insight into their likely stability over time. For instance, a high mobility into or out of poverty may suggest that a higher proportion of a population experiences poverty over time than what the cross-sectional data might show. 1 It also implies that a much smaller proportion of the population experiences chronic poverty contrary to the results of cross-sectional datasets in a particular year [Hossain and Bayes (2010)]. Thus, the analysis of poverty dynamics is important to uncover the true nature of wellbeing of population. Both the micro and macro level socio-demographic and economic factors are likely to affect poverty movements and intergenerational poverty transmission [Krishna (2011)].

‘Living Poor to Die Rich’? Or ‘Spending the Kids' Inheritance’? Attitudes to Assets and Inheritance in Later Life

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN ROWLINGSON
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Asset Accumulation ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Current Asset ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Pragmatic Attitude

A significant, and probably increasing, proportion of older people are ‘asset rich, income poor’. This raises a number of social policy issues around poverty and living standards in later life. For example, perhaps older people are ‘living poor to die rich’ because they wish to pass on their assets to future generations or because they feel they have an ‘inalienable right’ to their property. Or perhaps they would like to use up their assets but find this difficult, for example, because of concerns around equity release products. This article focuses on attitudes to assets and inheritance, drawing on findings from in-depth interviews and focus groups. The data suggest that people generally take a balanced and pragmatic attitude to their resources. They do not wish to ‘live poor to die rich’ but nor are they keen to spend their resources recklessly as they wish to leave something to their families, while also maintaining a reasonable standard of living in later life. It concludes by suggesting that the current ‘asset-based welfare’ debate should broaden its focus on asset accumulation to consider issues around asset use.

Changes in Self-Reported Attendance of British Adults for Dental Check-Ups between 1991 and 2000

2004 ◽  
Vol os11 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attendance Patterns ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective To report the changes in self-reported dental check-up patterns of British adults in both the NHS and non-NHS sectors over the period 1991 to 2000. Method Longitudinal cross-sectional questionnaire. Results Between 1991 and 2000, the annual British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) indicated that there was a steady increase in the percentage of adults who reported having a dental check-up within the previous 12 months, from 53.6% to 62.3%. While the percentage reporting having had a dental check-up under NHS arrangements rose slightly from 44% to 46%, reported non-NHS check-ups rose from 6% to 14%. Variations in reported attendance patterns for check-ups were noted between the sexes and age groups. A higher percentage of females reported having had a dental check-up under NHS arrangements than males, while no differences were found in the non-NHS sector. Those aged between 46–55 years had the highest percentage of dental check-ups (72%) while the lowest was in those aged 66 years or older (43%). Conclusions The results of the BHPS indicate that there was an increase in the percentage of British adults attending for a dental check-up within any 12-month period for 1991 to 2000 and that there was considerable variation in attendance by both age and sex.

The Dynamics of Being Disabled

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
TANIA BURCHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Working Life ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Welfare State

In recent years, the dynamics of poverty and unemployment have come under increasing scrutiny, but another of the risks with which the welfare state concerns itself – disability – is still largely understood only in a static sense. This article uses longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey to investigate the complexity behind a cross-sectional snapshot. First, a breakdown is given of the working-age population who are disabled at any one time by the ‘disability trajectories’ they follow over a seven-year period. Second, the expected duration of disability for those who become disabled during working life is examined. The results show that only a small proportion of working-age people who experience disability are long-term disabled, although at any one time, long-term disabled people make up a high proportion of all disabled people. Over half of those who become limited in activities of daily living as adults have spells lasting less than two years, but few who remain disabled after four years recover. Intermittent patterns of disability, particularly due to mental illness, are common. Failing to distinguish the different disability trajectories people follow has led to policies which marginalise disabled people and are costly to the state.

The Dynamics OF “Neither Agree nor Disagree” Answers in Attitudinal Questions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Truebner
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Satisficing Behavior

Abstract Attitudinal questions are an integral part of surveys in the social sciences. Previous research based on cross-sectional data has shown that both respondents’ characteristics and questionnaire design can lead to higher use of midpoint responses when questions are operationalized on uneven rating scales. To further current understanding of this phenomenon, in this article we apply hybrid regression models to analyze differences between respondents but also developmental changes within respondents, allowing for a more profound interpretation of the dynamics behind midpoint responses, theoretically explained by satisficing behavior. For our midpoint analyses, we use a set of attitudinal item blocks asked in the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 1991 to 2008. Respondents’ reports and interviewers’ judgments offer satisficing-related indicators regarding ability and motivation, enabling particularly accurate analyses of midpoint response behavior in terms of the “neither agree nor disagree” option. Results show that depending on respondents’ specific characteristics, higher use of the midpoint cannot automatically be equated with nonsubstantive response behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate that specific indicators related to low ability and motivation do not uniformly increase midpoint responses. Application of the hybrid model reveals that changes in respondents’ characteristics do not affect midpoint response. We speculate that there are unobserved personality attributes that affect the propensity to midpoint response and conclude by reflecting on reasons for the increase in midpoint responses over the years.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

scholarly journals Financial Resources and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Laura Samuel ◽  
Laken Roberts ◽  
Danielle Boyce ◽  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Sarah LaFave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging

Abstract Lower income and financial strain (i.e. difficulty making ends meet) are associated with worse aging biomarkers, but evidence among nationally representative samples is limited. This cross-sectional study tested whether income to poverty ratio (analyzed separately for those <500% vs. ≥500% poverty threshold) and financial strain are associated with biomarkers of aging among NHATS participants aged ≥65 years (n=4,648), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, smoking, BMI, and diabetes diagnosis for hemoglobin A1c. Sampling weights were applied. Among those with incomes <500% poverty, higher income was associated with lower hemoglobin A1c (b= -0.0196, p=0.007), CMV (b= -0.0689, p<0.001) and CRP (b= -0.0428, p=0.012). Among those with incomes ≥500%, higher income was associated with lower IL-6 (b= -0.0001, p=0.023) and lower CMV (b= -0.0001, p<0.001). Financial strain was not associated with biomarkers. Income is more strongly associated with biomarkers among the lower income group, calling for special attention to this vulnerable population.

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