scholarly journals Age Discrimination in Hiring: An Experimental Study in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Dormidontova ◽  
Marco Castellani ◽  
Flaminio Squazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Elderly Workers ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effect Of Age

This paper examines age discrimination in hiring against elderly workers in Italy. By means of a role-game laboratory experiment, we estimated the effect of age and certain important mediating factors, such as job experience and training, on hiring decisions, by considering also social influence and stereotypes. Our findings indicate that age discrimination against older people does exist even when candidates have comparable characteristics. Results suggest that although the Italian population has one of the highest life expectancies worldwide, health stereotypes are the most important determinant of this effect. However, we found that experience and up-to-date training by elderly workers could counterbalance this negative effect.

Signaling Similarity in the Icelandic Labour Market: How Can Immigrants Reduce Statistical Discrimination?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Kari Kristinsson ◽  
Margret Sigrun Sigurdardottir
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Statistical Discrimination ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Signal Similarity

Research on immigration has emphasized the role that statistical discrimination plays in hiring decisions. A better understanding of how immigrants overcome this type of discrimination might lead to better interventions to improve their labour market participation. In this paper, we use qualitative interviews to examine how immigrants can reduce statistical discrimination by signalling their similarity to employers in their job applications. Specifically, we find that immigrants who demonstrate signal similarity to employers in the type of education, job experience and religion tend to reduce their statistical discrimination by employers. We suggest how further research can build on these results to provide possible tools for immigrant integration.

Vocation Education Quality from Demand Side’s Perspective: The Case of Transport Technology Universities in the North of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quynh Hoa ◽  
◽  
Phung Chu Hoang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
The North ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
And Training

Quality outcomes from vocational education and training (VET) are fundamental to ensuring a skilled workforce and supporting a productive economy. The quality of vocational training from the demand’s perspective is defined as meeting the customer specification, needs or requirements. Using the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis to get the analytical results of 275 respondents as graduates of University of Transport and Communication, University of Transport Technology (the two universities training on transportation in the North of Vietnam), the results show that factors are measured by the observed variables in the study that ensure reliability and relevance. The descriptive statistics result of vocational training quality is 3.28, while all independent variables are at average level (between 3.1 to 3.48) with the highest value related to the quality of the teacher and the lowest are facilities and training programs and management capacity of university. However, the regression results show that the qualification of the teacher, material facilities and training program, management capacity and job opportunities at the training school do not affect the quality of the training while “Learners-NH” have a great positive effect and the labor market information has a negative effect on the training quality of the school significantly. Base on those data, some policy recommendations have been given out in order to improve the training quality of transport technology universities in the north of Vietnam in particular and the vocational training quality of Vietnam in general.

scholarly journals Training Preferences of School Food Service Staff Vary by Role in the School Nutrition Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Leia Flure ◽  
Melissa Pflugh Prescott ◽  
Whitney Ajie ◽  
Trinity Allison ◽  
Jennifer McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Training Topic ◽  
And Training

Professional development has been identified as a critical component for school nutrition professionals (SNPs) to successfully implement school meal standards in the United States. However, training needs may vary based on different factors. This study examined (1) the topics of highest priority for SNPs; (2) preferred learning methods; (3) where and when trainings should be conducted; and (4) whether responses differ according to important factors including position type, school locale (urban vs. rural), or job experience. Participants completed surveys that included questions on demographics and preferences for learning methods and training topics (n = 492). Descriptive statistics characterized survey responses. Chi square tests assessed differences in learning method and training topic preferences by participant role, locale, and job experience; Cramer’s V assessed the strength of association for each chi square result. Qualitative responses to open-ended questions were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis method. Nearly all training topic preferences were significantly different (p < 0.001 using Bonferroni method) when stratified by role. Significant differences were also observed for school locale and years of experience, but to a lesser degree. There was less variation in learning method preferences across staff role. Qualitative results (n = 93) identified three key themes related to training needs: role-specific trainings, innovative learning methods, and geographic access. The combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis indicate that professional development for SNPs should mostly be conducted in-person, be easily accessible, and include hands-on activities. Further, training should be tailored by job role and address situational barriers unique to the geographic area.

Self-Reported Proclivity to Harass as a Moderator of the Effectiveness of Sexual Harassment-Prevention Training

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A. Robb ◽  
Dennis Doverspike
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Prevention Training ◽  
Sexual Harassment Prevention ◽  
Undergraduate Men ◽  
And Training

The interaction between the likelihood of males engaging in sexual harassment and the effectiveness of a 1-hr. sexual harassment-prevention training was explored in a laboratory study. An interaction of scores on the Likelihood to Sexually Harass Scale and training condition for 90 undergraduate men was found, such that sexual harassment-prevention training had a small negative effect on the attitudes of males with a high proclivity to harass.

An Overview of Research Needs in the Display Systems Design Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
L Hoag LaVerne
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Display Systems ◽  
And Training

A review of the research literature on the design of controls and displays is presented with respect to its application to the design of industrial control rooms such as in railroad yards, chemical plants, refineries and power plants. Differences between designing for military and aircraft systems and industrial systems is discussed. The principle display and operator variables that require further research are: (1) measures of the difficulty of using a display system, (2) measuring the attention capacity of the operator, (3) the effect of the level of abstraction of the information, (4) measurement of the operator's image of the system being controlled, (5) the effect of job experience and training on the approach of the operator of the system and (6) the effect of the age of the operator.

scholarly journals No Change – No Gain; The Effect of Age, Sex, Selected Genes and Training on Physiological and Performance Adaptations in Cross-Country Skiing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Michael Johansen ◽  
Sannija Goleva-Fjellet ◽  
Arnstein Sunde ◽  
Lars Erik Gjerløw ◽  
Lars Arne Skeimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effect Of Age

Music training and the academic achievement of Hong Kong students

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne M. Tai ◽  
Shane N. Phillipson ◽  
Sivanes Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effect Of Age

Many Hong Kong Chinese parents believe that music training enhances the academic achievement of their children. The current study investigates the relationship between the extent and outcome of students’ music training, their perceptions of the value of the subjects they study and their academic achievement. A total of 286 students in Primary 4, 5 and 6 from one school in Hong Kong reported the extent and outcome of their music training, including the number of instruments they studied, the number of years spent training, highest grade and highest level achieved. For value, students completed a subscale of the Achievement Task Value Questionnaire to measure their liking and interest, perceived importance and usefulness of their school subjects. A nested structural equation model showed that, for both boys and girls, the extent and outcome of music training positively predicts academic achievement in Chinese, English and mathematics. Furthermore, the model shows that for both boys and girls, students’ perceived value of their school subjects negatively predicts academic achievement in Chinese, and age has a direct and negative effect on mathematics achievement. For girls, age positively moderates the extent and outcome of music training on academic achievement whereas the moderator effect of age on students’ perceived value of academic subjects is non-significant. For boys, in contrast, the moderator effect of age on extent and outcome of music training is non-significant, whereas its effect on students’ perceived value of academic subjects is negative. In broad terms, the results show that parents are justified in believing that music training is positively related to academic achievement. However, the results differ for boys and girls in connection to the role of age in this relationship.

scholarly journals A Forty-Year Follow-Up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study: The Effect of Age on the Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 64A (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McGavock ◽  
J. L. Hastings ◽  
P. G. Snell ◽  
D. K. McGuire ◽  
E. L. Pacini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Training Study ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effect Of Age

scholarly journals The after-effects of youth unemployment: More vulnerable persons are less likely to succeed in Youth Guarantee programmes

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Selenko ◽  
Kerstin Pils
Keyword(s):  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
First Year ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Vulnerable Persons

This article investigates unemployed adolescents’ success in re-employment programmes. It proposes that not being in employment, education, or training indicates a setback in the achievement of important life goals, which affects mental health and success in re-employment programmes. Adolescents who are more affected by the experience of unemployment will be even less likely to succeed. An analysis of longitudinal archival records of 300 adolescents in a Youth Guarantee apprenticeship scheme confirms the expectations. Adolescents who were more vulnerable during unemployment and who had a worse relationship with their parents when starting the apprenticeship were more likely to drop out within the first year. The effect of age was moderated by relationship quality. The results show that taking the prior experience of not being in employment, education and training into account can offer a new understanding for the success of re-employment programmes. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

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