scholarly journals Role of Trade and the Media in Minority Language Maintenance: The Case of ciNsenga in Central Western Malawi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chikaipa ◽  
Pascal Kishindo
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Language Preservation ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Vitality ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
The Media

Malawi has more than 14 languages but only a few of these, including ciCewa, ciYao and ciTumbuka, have a significant number of active speakers. This article examines the retention of ciNsenga, a minority indigenous language, which provides a different picture. Speakers of ciNsenga straddle the border between Central Western Malawi and Eastern Zambia. Although ciNsenga has a comparatively small number of speakers, the language is actively maintained. Within this paper, ethnolinguistic vitality, domain analysis and social network theories are applied to explore the factors fostering the retention of ciNsenga among the Ngoni, who settled within a predominantly ciCewa speaking area. This study finds that both the media and cross-border trade have greatly supported the retention of ciNsenga, despite years of prolonged contact with ciCewa. It is hoped the case of ciNsenga may illustrate a path that other Malawian languages could follow, in the interest of language preservation.

‘The telegraph and the bank’: on the interdependence of global communications and capitalism, 1866–1914

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone M. Müller ◽  
Heidi J.S. Tworek
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
New Markets ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Asymmetrical Information ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Global Communications ◽  
Social Orders

AbstractThis article uses the example of submarine telegraphy to trace the interdependence between global communications and modern capitalism. It uncovers how cable entrepreneurs created the global telegraph network based upon particular understandings of cross-border trade, while economists such as John Maynard Keynes and John Hobson saw global communications as the foundation for capitalist exchange. Global telegraphic networks were constructed to support extant capitalist systems until the 1890s, when states and corporations began to lay telegraph cables to open up new markets, particularly in Asia and Latin America, as well as for strategic and military reasons. The article examines how the interaction between telegraphy and capitalism created particular geographical spaces and social orders despite opposition from myriad Western and non-Western groups. It argues that scholars need to account for the role of infrastructure in creating asymmetrical information and access to trade that have continued to the present day.

scholarly journals Cross-Border Open Innovation of Early Stage Tech Incubation: A Case Study of FORGE, the First UK-China Accelerator Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunming Shao ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Border Trade

This paper is a case study of FORGE, the first UK-China cross border accelerator program, conducted in the context of TusPark Newcastle, an overseas innovation center by TUS Holdings in the United Kingdom. It engages with current research that examines the role of trust, particularly in the area of cross-border trade. We suggest that this is especially pertinent for early stage technology companies, since in many cases, their products, business models and even founder reputations, are more unformed. We also look at the topic of cross-border incubation, particularly with China as the target market, and provide new insights for understanding the channels and barriers for international commercialization in China for early stage tech startups. Finally, we provide some suggestions for policy-makers on both sides to better coordinate efforts to increase innovation relationships like FORGE.

scholarly journals Non-Verbal Components of the Semantic Structure of Polycode Advertising Texts in the Instagram Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
E. V. Bulatova ◽  
◽  
M. P. Gnativ ◽  
A. A. Pogrebnyakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Empirical Material

The article is devoted to the role of non-verbal components (video, photo images, audio, graphic signs, etc.) in the semantic structure of polycode advertising publications. The empirical material included advertising messages retrieved from the social network Instagram. The role of nonverbal elements as the leading attractive component of the publication is defined. The practice of verbal and visual duplication of elements of the text semantic structure is revealed. The multi-functionality of visual elements as a component of the media text semantic structure is described. The role of visual, audial and graphic components in the logical framework of the message is fixed. The analysis of the survey of respondents allowed us to determine the general specifics of the perception of a polycode publication, as well as the problem areas of building an advertising media text in the Instagram social network.

Do shareholder's independency and board size affect synergies from cross-border bank mergers and acquisitions? International evidence from social network analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hung Chen ◽  
Feng-Jui Hsu ◽  
Ying-Chen Lai
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThere is little known globally on the association among the independent shareholder, board size and merger and acquisition (M&A) performance. This paper addresses the global issue about cross-border M&A in banking sector, particularly exploring the role of difference in the independent shareholder and board size between acquirer and target banks on synergy gains based on the international study.Design/methodology/approachBased on cross-border bank M&As data on 59 deals from 1995 to 2009, we initially apply social network analysis techniques to explore the country connectedness of the acquirer-target banks in cross-border M&As. Ordinary least squares (OLS) with robust standard errors is further used to investigate synergy gains within the difference in the degree of bank independent shareholder and board sizes between the acquirer and target banks.FindingsOur results indicate that the acquiring banks are generally interconnected with the targeted banks and that some of acquiring banks are clearly concentrated in Asian countries including China, Hong Kong, and Philippines. Moreover, we find that cross-border M&As with larger difference in independent shareholders between the bidder and target bank would result in higher synergy gains in all cases of takeover premiums on 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks. In addition, financial differences between the bidder and target banks have a significant impact on synergetic gains, a topic not explored in previous studies. There is no evidence that institutional and governance differences between bidder and target bank have significant cross-border impacts on takeover premiums with respect to 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks, respectively.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by exploring the international issue about the role of difference in the degree of bank independent shareholder and board sizes between acquirer and target banks on synergy gains. Based on bank cross-border M&As data on 59 deals from 1995 to 2009, we initially apply social network analysis to explore the country connectedness of acquirer-target bank in cross-border M&As, while ten ordinary least squares (OLS) with robust standard errors is used to investigate synergy gains within the difference in the degree of bank independent shareholder and board sizes between acquirer and target banks.

Anchors of Authority

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-166
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
The Media

This chapter describes the native language elite, the media personnel. It analyzes ethnographic examples from workplaces and homes that reveal how native-language journalists work within value systems that are sometimes at odds with one another. It illustrates how media personnel strive toward the professionalism and hyperinstitutionalization of journalism within the majority of society. The chapter also explains the role of media personnel as a native-language journalist that grants a narrower elite status within the minority that draws on rural “prestige” and noninstitutionalization. It also examines the practice of minority-language journalism in Buryatia as a central way in which particular stances toward Buryat belonging are institutionalized.

The problem of mass media participation in "information wars" in the context of diplomatic work

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Y. V. Agafonova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Media ◽  
Current Stage

The current stage in the development of international relations is characterized by an increase of the role of non-state actors, which, among other things, include the media. In diplomatic work, it must be borne in mind that the mass media, despite the lack of an independent status in world political processes, nevertheless make a serious contribution to the implementation of the foreign policy tasks of any countries and even form a political reality. Mass media create a global information space as a cross-border, interactive and rapidly updated environment. As a result, borders, barriers, bureaucratic restrictions, differences in languages, and other factors that had a certain impact on international relations are seriously losing their weight in modern world political processes.

scholarly journals Czynniki rozwoju turystyki przygranicznej na rosyjsko-fińskim pograniczu = Factors underpinning the development of tourism in Russian-Finnish borderland areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Republic

In line with the observation that tourism is becoming a key element of economic development in border regions, the author describes an approach to a specific form characteristic of border regions alone, i.e. cross-border tourism and its role as a factor in the development of regional and local economies. Cross-border tourism gains presentation here in relation to the mobility of tourists (with differing purposes) between neighbouring border regions of the Russian Federation and Finland, with no account taken, however, of the development and functioning of the tourist system overall. The aim has thus been to seek to substantiate the importance of the development of cross-border tourism in the socio-economic development of the Russian-Finnish borderland. In its several parts, this article focuses first on theoretical and practical developments of Russian and foreign academic thinking as regards the development of cross-border tourism. A second part then reveals (and looks for structure among) factors influencing the nature and dynamics of cross-border tourism development in the Russian-Finnish borderland. The role of these factors in the phenomenon’s development is identified. Empirical data are then used in a third part identifying features and general trends, with the stimulation of cross-border tourism considered a direction of importance in the development of border regions either side of the state border under study. Given the positive effect of cross-border trade on the development of Finnish border regions, it would seem crucial that Finnish tourists should be attracted to the Russian border area. Finally, the significance of the development of cross-border tourism in the Russian-Finnish borderland is deliberated, where the area in question is taken to encompass Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in Russia, as well as Finnish Lapland, Northern Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, North Karelia, South Karelia and Kymenlaakso. Median indices are calculated. The outcomes of the research are regarded as of both academic and practical significance to the development of cross-border tourism, seen academically and from the point of view of both regional and municipal authorities and representatives of the tourist industry.

scholarly journals How Less Alienation Creates More Exploitation? Audience Labour on Social Network Sites.

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Media ◽  
A Site

Abstract: The notion of audience labour has been an important contribution to Marxist political economy of the media. It revised the traditional political economy analysis, which focused on media ownership, by suggesting that media was also a site of production, constituting particular relations of production. Such analysis highlighted the active role of audience in the creation of media value as both commodities and workers, thus pointing to audience exploitation. Recently, in light of paradigmatic transformations in the media environment – particularly the emergence of Web 2.0 and social network sites – there has been a renewed interest in such analysis, and a reexamination of audience exploitation. Focusing on Facebook as a case-study, this article examines audience labour on social network sites along two Marxist themes – exploitation and alienation. It argues for a historical shift in the link between exploitation and alienation of audience labour, concurrent with the shift from mass media to social media. In the mass media, the capacity for exploitation of audience labour was quite limited while the alienation that such work created was high. In contrast, social media allows for the expansion and intensification of exploitation. Simultaneously, audience labour on social media – because it involves communication and sociability – also ameliorates alienation by allowing self-expression, authenticity, and relations with others. Moreover, the article argues that the political economy of social network sites is founded on a dialectical link between exploitation and alienation: in order to be de-alienated, Facebook users must communicate and socialize, thus exacerbating their exploitation. And vice-versa, in order for Facebook to exploit the work of its users, it must contribute to their de-alienation.

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