scholarly journals The Process of Revolutionary Protest: Development and Democracy in the Tunisian Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Barrie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Tunisian Revolution ◽  
Unitary Events

Research on democratic revolution treats revolutionary protest, and revolutionary protest participation, as unitary events. This conceptualization is at odds with how 'revolutionary' protest often unfolds—protest does not begin life as democratic or revolutionary but grows in a process of positive feedback, incorporating new constituencies and generating new demands. Using an original protest event catalogue for the twenty-nine days of the Tunisian Revolution, alongside survey data, I show that the correlates of protest occurrence and participation change significantly during the uprising. The effect of economic development on protest diffusion reverses sign, while a commitment to democracy is a substantive predictor of protest participation only at its close. If protest is not revolutionary at its onset, I argue, theory should reflect this and be able to explain the endogenous emergence of democratic demands. In this understanding, the formation of protest coalitions becomes essential, rather than incidental, to democratic revolution.

scholarly journals Educational inequalities in obesity: a multilevel analysis of survey data from cities in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mónica Mazariegos ◽  
Amy H Auchincloss ◽  
Ariela Braverman-Bronstein ◽  
María F Kroker-Lobos ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Zea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
American Cities

Abstract Objective: Using newly harmonised individual-level data on health and socio-economic environments in Latin American cities (from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (SALURBAL) study), we assessed the association between obesity and education levels and explored potential effect modification of this association by city-level socio-economic development. Design: This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2002 and 2017. Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, derived from measured weight and height) were calculated first. Then, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was run to test for effect modification of the education–obesity association by city-level socio-economic development. All analyses were stratified by sex. Setting: One hundred seventy-six Latin American cities within eight countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru). Participants: 53 186 adults aged >18 years old. Results: Among women, 25 % were living with obesity and obesity was negatively associated with educational level (higher education–lower obesity) and this pattern was consistent across city-level socio-economic development. Among men, 18 % were living with obesity and there was a positive association between education and obesity (higher education–higher obesity) for men living in cities with lower levels of development, whereas for those living in cities with higher levels of development, the pattern was inverted and university education was protective of obesity. Conclusions: Among women, education was protective of obesity regardless, whereas among men, it was only protective in cities with higher levels of development. These divergent results suggest the need for sex- and city-specific interventions to reduce obesity prevalence and inequalities.

Labour Aristocracy–a Northern Nigerian Case Study

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Term Labour

The term ‘labour aristocracy’ first appeared in the literature on African economic development in 1968,1 although African wage labour had previously been described as a privileged elite on many occasions. I wish to question the accuracy and relevance of the type of calculation upon which these descriptions are based, and to present the situation which prevails today in Northern Nigeria, using detailed survey data on the earnings of rural farmers, urban workers, and those employed in small-scale enterprises.

scholarly journals Non-economic Factors in Development

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 715-725
Author(s):  
Najamul Saqib Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
International Language ◽  
National Transformation

Economic development in knowledgeable circles has a missing dimension— the non-economic, which is not quantifiable. Development, a leading sector in national transformation, is rooted in nonmaterial factors and requires a positive feedback between culture, economy, and polity. I would invite attention to an insightful comment from a practising professional economist: ‘The need for economic growth in a developing country has few if any economic springs. It arises from a desire to assume full status by taking part in an industrial Civilisation, participation in which alone enables a nation or individual to compel others to treat it as an equal. Inability to take part in it makes a nation militarily powerless against neighbours, administratively unable to control its own citizens, and culturally incapable of speaking the international language’.

Job creation and firm-specific location incentives

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
The State ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Level Data

AbstractGovernment economic development programmes provide opportunities for firms to leverage financial incentives for business expansion and relocation. This article examines the ability of these incentives to promote employment. Using establishment-level data from the state of Kansas as well as original firm-level survey data, I evaluate the effectiveness of financial incentives in creating jobs through recipient firms. My findings from the establishment-level data indicate that incentive programmes have no discernable impact on firm expansion, measured by job creation. In addition, the survey data suggest that incentive recipients highly recommend this programme to other firms, but few firms actually increased their employment in Kansas because of these incentives; similarly, very few firms would have left the state if they had not benefited from this programme. Thus, incentives have little impact on the relocation or expansion decisions of firms.

Multiculturalism and Entrepreneurial Intentions: Understanding the Mediating Role of Cognitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan J. S. Dheer ◽  
Tomasz Lenartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Identity Integration ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Do So

Biculturals, or people who identify with two or more cultures, are said to play an important role in economic development by starting new ventures. However, little research has theorized or analyzed the factors that influence their propensity to do so. Based on an identity integrationist perspective, we contribute to filling this gap. We hypothesize that identity integration is a critical factor that influences entrepreneurial intentions of bicultural individuals. In addition, we hypothesize that cognitive and metacognitive cultural intelligence mediate this relationship. Empirical analyses based on survey data supported our hypothesized arguments. The findings provide guidance on the role of psychological and cognitive factors in influencing intentions.

The Founding Fathers: A Reform Caucus in Action

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
James Madison ◽  
Constitutional Convention ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Democratic Revolution

Over the last century and a half, the work of the Constitutional Convention and the motives of the Founding Fathers have been analyzed under a number of different ideological auspices. To one generation of historians, the hand of God was moving in the assembly; under a later dispensation, the dialectic (at various levels of philosophical sophistication) replaced the Deity: “relationships of production” moved into the niche previously reserved for Love of Country. Thus in counterpoint to the Zeitgeist, the Framers have undergone miraculous metamorphoses: at one time acclaimed as liberals and bold social engineers, today they appear in the guise of sound Burkean conservatives, men who in our time would subscribe to Fortune, look to Walter Lippmann for political theory, and chuckle patronizingly at the antics of Barry Goldwater. The implicit assumption is that if James Madison were among us, he would be President of the Ford Foundation, while Alexander Hamilton would chair the Committee for Economic Development.The “Fathers” have thus been admitted to our best circles; the revolutionary ferocity which confiscated all Tory property in reach and populated New Brunswick with outlaws has been converted by the “Miltown School” of American historians into a benign dedication to “consensus” and “prescriptive rights.” The Daughters of the American Revolution have, through the ministrations of Professors Boorstin, Hartz, and Rossiter, at last found ancestors worthy of their descendants. It is not my purpose here to argue that the “Fathers” were, in fact, radical revolutionaries; that proposition has been brilliantly demonstrated by Robert R. Palmer in his Age of the Democratic Revolution.

The Importance of Democracy and Economic Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
National Differences ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Cross National

This chapter examines the roles of economic development and democracy for shaping attitudes, and it tests competing arguments for other macro-level processes. Theoretical insight from the works of Inglehart, Schwartz, and Hofstede are used to explain why economic development would be associated with cross-national differences in attitudes. The potential macro-level influence of education, gender and economic inequality, and nongovernment organizations are also considered. However, a multilevel analysis of World Values Survey data shows that they do not appear to have an effect in light of the influences of religion, economic development, and democracy. The chapter ends by discussing the limitations with survey data for understanding cross-national attitudes and makes the case for the usefulness of country case studies to better understand how religion, economic development, and democracy shape attitudes within individual nations.

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