The Importance of Democracy and Economic Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
National Differences ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Cross National

This chapter examines the roles of economic development and democracy for shaping attitudes, and it tests competing arguments for other macro-level processes. Theoretical insight from the works of Inglehart, Schwartz, and Hofstede are used to explain why economic development would be associated with cross-national differences in attitudes. The potential macro-level influence of education, gender and economic inequality, and nongovernment organizations are also considered. However, a multilevel analysis of World Values Survey data shows that they do not appear to have an effect in light of the influences of religion, economic development, and democracy. The chapter ends by discussing the limitations with survey data for understanding cross-national attitudes and makes the case for the usefulness of country case studies to better understand how religion, economic development, and democracy shape attitudes within individual nations.

Newspaper Presentations of Homosexuality across Nations: Examining Differences by Religion, Economic Development, and Democracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Adamczyk ◽  
Chunrye Kim ◽  
Margaret Schmuhl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Newspaper Articles

A lot of research attention has been devoted to understanding cross-national differences in attitudes about homosexuality. A key finding has been that richer, more democratic, and less religious nations are more supportive. However, aside from establishing these relationships, we know little about how public discourse about homosexuality differs across nations. To better understand how public discussions about sexual minorities are framed, this multimethods’ study examines over 800 newspaper articles from Muslim and Protestant-majority nations. Although there are no differences in the extent to which Muslim and Protestant nations discuss homosexuality in the context of religion, Muslim nations are more likely to frame homosexuality as a moral issue and use government claimsmakers. Very poor countries are also more likely to associate homosexuality with morality. Finally, more democratic nations are more likely to discuss homosexuality in the context of rights and include social movement leaders as claimsmakers.

Trade globalization, economic development and the importance of education-as-knowledge

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore J. Babones
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Demand For Education ◽  
The Face

It is widely asserted that globalization puts a premium on knowledge, but in fact there is no empirical correlation across countries between globalization and returns to education. One reason for this discrepancy may be that education is not everywhere coequal with knowledge. In this article the overall contribution of education to income is modelled as the sum of the contributions of two components of education, education-as-knowledge and education-as-credential. Assuming that the former dominates in developed countries while the latter dominates in developing countries, it is possible to separate these two effects. In a broadly comparative analysis of returns to education in 80 countries using World Values Survey data, globalization is found to be positively associated with education in developed countries but negatively associated with education in developing countries, consistent with the model. These results are robust in the face of controls for the supply and demand for education.

Political Dilemmas and the Institutional Foundation of Economic Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens K. Justesen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Veto Players ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Differences in property rights institutions are often thought to contribute to explaining cross-national differences in economic development. If secure and universally enforced property rights help produce collectively beneficial economic results, the question is why there is so much variation in the institutions and rules that regulate property rights. Based on institutional analysis, the purpose of this article is to analyse why some states and governments establish and enforce property rights that are good for growth while others do not. The argument is that the incentive to enforce and protect property rights is shaped by particular political institutions, namely those that relate to the size of a government’s supporting coalition and the extent of power sharing among veto players. The empirical analyses show that coalition institutions are strongly related to property rights while the impact of power sharing is less robust.

Differential Support for Women in Higher Education and Politics Cross-Nationally

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Price
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Women In Education ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
Differential Support ◽  
Cross National

Attitudes towards women in the workforce, politics, and higher education are often combined in a composite measure of gender ideology. However, cross-national attitudes and influences on them may vary by each domain. Structural measures and the 2005–2008 World Values Survey are used to examine factors that influence attitudes towards women in education and politics across 52 nations. Findings show individuals are more supportive of women in education and structure has a greater impact on attitudes towards women in politics. Counter to findings that Muslim societies are less gender egalitarian, this study finds no impact of Muslim affiliation or residence in a Muslim society on attitudes towards women’s education, although these factors reduce support for women in politics.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Fertility Intentions: Can the Gender Regime Explain Cross-Country Differences?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-472
Author(s):  
Christoph Bein ◽  
Anne H. Gauthier ◽  
Monika Mynarska
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Gender Regime ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Gender Development Index ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Cross National

AbstractResearch on the relationship between religiosity and fertility intentions revealed substantial cross-national differences. In some countries, a strong and positive effect of religiosity on fertility intentions was found, while in others, the effect was weaker or not significant, and the reasons underlying these cross-national differences are still unclear. The aim of this article is to explain these macro-level differences from the perspective of the prevailing gender regime. We argue that in countries with more traditional regimes, a stronger effect of religiosity on fertility intentions could be expected than in countries with a more egalitarian view. We make use of the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey and incorporate data from a total of 12 European countries in our analysis. We examine the influence of gender regime according to various macro-level indicators on gender attitudes and gender equality using meta-regression analyses. We also conduct robustness checks using other indicators such as the Gender Development Index. Our results reveal that the gender regime is only able to explain these differences in certain situations, specifically those relating to the long-term fertility intentions of men.

Varieties of non-obvious meaning in CL and CADS: from ‘hindsight post-dictability’ to sweet serendipity

Corpora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Partington
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Special Relevance

In this paper, I want to examine the special relevance of (non)obviousness in corpus linguistics through drawing on case studies. The research discussion is divided into two parts. The first is an examination of (non)obviousness at the micro-level, that is, in lexico-grammatical analyses, whilst the second looks at the more macro-level of (non)obviousness on the plane of discourse. In the final sections, I will examine various types of non-obvious meaning one can come across in Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), which range from: ‘I knew that all along (now)’ to ‘that's interesting’ to ‘I sensed that but didn't know why’ (intuitive impressions and corpus-assisted explanations) to ‘I never even knew I never knew that’ (serendipity or ‘non-obvious non-obviousness’, analogous to ‘unknown unknowns’).

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