scholarly journals Kin recognition and step-paternal investment: the effect of childhood co-residence duration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jenni pettay ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka ◽  
Samuli Helle ◽  
Antti O Tanskanen
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Paternal Investment ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Kin Investment ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Intergenerational Altruism ◽  
Indirect Cues ◽  
Biological Fathers

Evolutionarily relevant nepotistic kin investment requires reliable kin detection. Evolutionary scholars have argued that childhood co-residence is one of the most important indirect cues for kinship. While childhood co-residence duration has been found to correlate with kin investment in intragenerational studies (i.e., among siblings), intergenerational investigations considering the association between childhood co-residence duration and kin investment have been scarce. Here, we investigate whether the investment of biological and stepfathers is correlated with childhood co-residence duration. We used data from adolescents and adults (aged 17–19, 27–29, and 37–39 years) from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (Pairfam), wave 2, collected in 2010–2011. Paternal investment was measured as financial and practical help, emotional support, intimacy, and emotional closeness. We found that while stepfathers invested less than biological fathers, both biological and stepfathers’ investments increased with increased childhood co-residence duration in most measures. Financial help correlated with childhood co-residence in stepfathers but not in biological fathers who helped financially more than stepfathers regardless of childhood co-residence duration. Emotional support, intimacy, and emotional closeness were correlated with childhood co-residence in both biological fathers and stepfathers. Practical help did not correlate with co-residence in either father. Thus, our results partially support the hypothesis that childhood co-residence duration serves as a kin detection cue and directs intergenerational altruism.

Comparison of Scores for Abused and Nonabused Young Adults on the Psychological Trauma and Resources Scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Stader ◽  
George R. Holmes ◽  
George F. McNulty ◽  
Angela Q. Forand ◽  
deRosset Myers
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
History Of

The Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scale has been developed to identify adolescents and adults who have experienced traumatic events, i.e., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse and neglect. The scale also attempts to identify the presence of compensatory or resource factors such as social support that may serve to ameliorate the effects of traumatic events. 98 college participants who reported a history of abuse were compared with 464 nonabused students on the seven subscales. As predicted, the abused participants reported significantly more incidents of abuse and neglect than the nontraumatized group. In addition, the abused group reported receiving less emotional support, and they were less likely to use positive self-talk as a way to decrease emotional distress. These results provide empirical support for using the Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scale to identify individuals with a history of abuse. Findings underscore the importance of assessing resource variables that may moderate the effects of abuse.

scholarly journals Stepfather Investment and Reproductive Outcomes Among US Couples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Paternal Investment ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
Biological Fathers ◽  
The Relationship

Although paternal investment in humans is highly variable, many males invest heavily in offspring. Biological fathers invest more in children than stepfathers, yet stepfathers do invest in their stepchildren, possibly to gain mating access to the mother. Stepfathers are also more likely to be abusive and antagonistic towards their stepchildren than biological fathers. Most previous research quantifies the investment of stepfathers in relation to biological fathers. However, no studies have explored how investment and relationship quality influences reproductive outcomes for stepfathers. I examine how stepfathers’ relationship quality with stepchildren associates with stepfathers’ reproductive success (number of biological children born to the couple) by utilizing the National Survey of Families and Households longitudinal survey of American couples. I also examine how mother’s financial autonomy may moderate the relationship between investment and reproductive success. Results show some evidence that stepfather investment can improve reproductive success, but these results are not particularly strong and may be difficult to interpret.

Provider Views of the Support Service Needs of Male Primary Caretakers of HIV/AIDS-Infected and -Affected Children: A Needs Assessment

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Strug ◽  
Leonard Rabb ◽  
Ronnie Nanton
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Primary Caretakers ◽  
Biological Fathers ◽  
Hiv Aids

The number of male primary caretakers (biological fathers and other men) of HIV/AIDS-infected and -affected children in the United States is substantial, and will increase as more women become infected and die, and more fathers assume parenting responsibilities. Many male primary caretakers (MPCs) are biological fathers, some of whom are infected, living alone with one or more children, caring for other infected and affected children, and without the emotional support of a female caretaker. These MPCs experience anxiety, depression, and grief. In this unique, exploratory needs assessment about the support service needs of MPCs, the authors surveyed 34 service providers that are involved in Title IV programs of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act. Providers report that MPCs have special needs for emotional support, networking, child care, and parenting skills training that are being addressed only partially, if at all. Providers serving infected and affected children and their families should identify MPCs and address their service needs. More men may succeed as caretakers of infected and affected children if programs gear their services to the specific challenges these men face. Additional research is crucial given the number who can be expected to need these services in the future.

scholarly journals Altruism towards cousins

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1614) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonghwan Jeon ◽  
David M Buss
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Paternity Uncertainty ◽  
Kin Investment ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Willingness To Help ◽  
Special Case

Recent research on kin investment shows a matrilateral bias as a function of paternity uncertainty. Kin investment, however, is a special case of kin altruism. We thus hypothesize that psychological adaptations have evolved to regulate cousin-directed altruism according to predictably variable levels of paternity uncertainty in different categories of cousins. We develop a formal mathematical model that predicts that individuals should be most willing to act altruistically towards their mother's sister's (MoSis) children and least willing to act altruistically towards their father's brother's (FaBro) children. Altruism towards father's sister's (FaSis) and mother's brother's (MoBro) children are predicted to fall in between. An empirical study ( N =195), assessing expressed altruistic proclivities, confirmed the predictions from the model. Participants expressed willingness-to-help following the descending order: (i) MoSis children, (ii) MoBro children, (iii) FaSis children, and (iv) FaBro children. The psychological variables of emotional closeness, empathic concern and contact frequency showed precisely the same pattern across distinct cousins, providing convergent confirmation of the model. The results support the hypothesis of cousin-specific adaptations sensitive to varying probabilities of paternity uncertainty.

scholarly journals Positive Emotional Support in Premutation Carrier Mothers of Adolescents and Adults With Fragile X Syndrome: Gene by Environment Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigan L. Hartley ◽  
Leann S. DaWalt ◽  
Jinkuk Hong ◽  
Jan S. Greenberg ◽  
Marsha R. Mailick
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Cgg Repeat ◽  
Premutation Carrier ◽  
Cgg Repeats ◽  
Gene By Environment Interactions ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Abstract We examined the benefit of emotional support on daily health in premutation carrier mothers of adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome (n = 114), and whether this benefit was moderated by the mother's genetic status (FMR1 CGG repeat length). In an 8-day daily diary, maternal daily health was assessed subjectively through self-reported number of physical health symptoms and physiologically via cortisol awakening response. Multilevel lagged-day models indicated that premutation carrier mothers with midrange CGG repeats derived less health benefit from a day with high positive emotional support than those with lower or higher numbers of repeats within the premutation range. The data support the influence of both genetic and environmental influences on the health of this population.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Mexican-American Men as Fathers

10.18060/212 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-352
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shears ◽  
Rich Furman ◽  
Nalini Junko Negi
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Being There ◽  
Biological Fathers ◽  
Mexican Men ◽  
Evaluation Project

This qualitative study explores the lived experience of self-identified Mexican men as fathers. The sample consists of 47 biological fathers of children residing in Denver, Colorado, all whom are participating in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. The data suggests that these fathers engaged in traditionally conceptualized fathering roles. These men expressed the importance of being there, teaching, meeting the child’s needs, being a role model, offering emotional support, and giving affection and love. The fathers reported taking more responsibility, decreasing substance use, and limiting their leisure activities as a result of becoming a parent. The results suggest that, fathering in and of itself, may create resiliency and may have powerful positive influences on the lives of fathers.

Clinical Success Using the Audio-Visual Feedback Training for Cluttering

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594
Author(s):  
Yvonne van Zaalen ◽  
Isabella Reichel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Feedback Training ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Speech Monitoring ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Purpose Among the best strategies to address inadequate speech monitoring skills and other parameters of communication in people with cluttering (PWC) is the relatively new but very promising auditory–visual feedback (AVF) training ( van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015 ). This study examines the effects of AVF training on articulatory accuracy, pause duration, frequency, and type of disfluencies of PWC, as well as on the emotional and cognitive aspects that may be present in clients with this communication disorder ( Reichel, 2010 ; van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015 ). Methods In this study, 12 male adolescents and adults—6 with phonological and 6 with syntactic cluttering—were provided with weekly AVF training for 12 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. Data was gathered on baseline (T0), Week 6 (T1), Week 12 (T2), and after follow-up (T3). Spontaneous speech was recorded and analyzed by using digital audio-recording and speech analysis software known as Praat ( Boersma & Weenink, 2017 ). Results The results of this study indicated that PWC demonstrated significant improvements in articulatory rate measurements and in pause duration following the AVF training. In addition, the PWC in the study reported positive effects on their ability to retell a story and to speak in more complete sentences. PWC felt better about formulating their ideas and were more satisfied with their interactions with people around them. Conclusions The AVF training was found to be an effective approach for improving monitoring skills of PWC with both quantitative and qualitative benefits in the behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of communication.

Allergic Reactions to Food Proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Ballmer-Weber
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergies ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Allergenic Food ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Pollen Allergens ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Four to eight percent of the population are estimated to be food-allergic. Most food allergies in adolescents and adults are acquired on the basis of cross-reaction to pollen allergens. Theses allergens are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Therefore pollen-allergic patients might acquire a multitude of different plant food allergies, and even react to novel foods to which they have never previously been exposed. A curative therapy for food allergy does not yet exist. Food-allergic patients have to rely on strict avoidance diets, The widespread use of industrially processed foods poses a general problem for food-allergic patients. Although the most frequent allergens must be declared openly in the list of ingredients, involuntary contamination with allergy-provoking compounds can occur. The precautionary labelling “may contain” is sometimes applied even if the chance of contamination is very low; on the other hand, foods not declared to contain possible traces of allergenic components may actually contain relevant amounts of allergenic proteins. Switzerland is the only country in Europe with legal regulations on contamination by allergenic food; however, the allowance of 1 g/kg is too high to protect a relevant proportion of food-allergic individuals.

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