scholarly journals All or None? A Four-Country Experiment on How the Threat of Terrorism Affects Support for Counterterrorism Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Bugge Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Us ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Islamist Terrorism ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration ◽  
Levels Of Support

Terrorism is tightly connected to the Muslim minority in the West, and this could lead to counterterrorism measures targeting Muslims specifically. This paper uses a unique survey experiment fielded in the US, France, Finland, and Norway to study the levels of support for targeting groups that vary in both their majority versus minority status and in their connection to terrorism. Threatening news stories are used to investigate whether or not the level of support is affected by right-wing extremist and Islamist terrorism. Finally, the moderating effect of attitudes toward immigration is studied. People support counterterrorism measures that target threatening groups (Islamists and right-wing extremists) more than those that do not (Muslims), but this is not the case for those people who are against immigration. When people read threatening news stories, there is an increase in support for counterterrorism measures in general, even measures that target groups unrelated to the stories.

Making National Identity Salient: Impact on Attitudes toward Immigration and Multiculturalism

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Breton
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Central Place ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Canadian Identity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration ◽  
Answering Questions

AbstractDoes national identity necessarily have exclusionary effects when it comes to immigration attitudes or is it possible that some national identities act as inclusive forces? While research in Europe and in the US points to the former, one of the long-standing explanations for Canada's success with immigration has been the central place played by immigration and multiculturalism in its national identity. Using the Canadian case, this research tests the possibility that some national identities might represent an inclusive force. It does so through a nationally representative survey experiment (N = 1500) where respondents' national identity was primed before answering questions on immigration and multiculturalism. The analysis shows that contrary to previous results obtained in the Netherlands, priming Canadian identity does not increase anti-immigration attitudes. A new prime designed to isolate the effect of national identity even decreased these exclusionary attitudes.

Muslim Commitment in North America

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Spiritual Guidance ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Institutional Organization ◽  
Original Insight ◽  
Secular Power ◽  
Islamic Society

The purpose of this paper is to examine the curtent debates within theAmerican Muslim community regatding the expression of Muslim religiouscommitment in American life. The size of the community is nowestimated to exceed four million (Stone 1991), and the numlxx of Muslimimmigrants entering the United Stab has more than doubled since 1960.During the same period, the number of American converts to Islam hasalso risen. Both the growth of the Muslim community in mxent yeas, inthe United Stab and worldwide, and the increasing number of Muslimsin "diaspora" as Muslim labor migration continues, which has resulted ina heightened sense of "minority" status among Muslims (Haddad 1991),have raised many crucial questions concerning religious expression:Should Muslims remain marginal to secular power relations in accordancewith the teachings of classical Islam or adopt a strategy of assimilationwhich, in the American context, includes the p d t of claims to equalprotection under civil law? What happens to a religious community, suchas the Muslim community, as it develops the institutional organization itneeds to preserve its identity in a non-Islamic society? Can it still remainopen to the sowe of inspiration and spiritual guidance located in the foldof the Islamic world? Or does the locus of authority shift? Changingcircumstances require adaptation, and yet that adaptation involves the riskof losing the connection to the heatt of the original insight and cultm.Conflicting tesponses to these and related questions raise issues ofself-representation and lifwle. The resulting theological and ideologicaldebates within the Muslim community itself provide and refine variousmodels for Muslim minority life in a non-Islamic envimnment. They alsoillustrate the tension between alienation and integration ...

scholarly journals Support of Workplace Diversity Policies: The Role of Race, Gender, and Beliefs about Inequality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scarborough ◽  
Danny Lambouths ◽  
Allyson Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Workplace Diversity ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Analyze Data

Workplace diversity policies are more effective when they are supported by managers and workers, but there is little direct evidence on how people feel about these policies or why they hold certain opinions. In this study, we analyze data from a survey experiment designed to assess public opinion about a range of workplace diversity policies. We examine how support for these policies among employed respondents varies by race, gender, and by the targeted population (i.e. whether the policies aim to improve the workplace representation of women or racial minorities). Using OLS regression models to analyze a diverse sample of employed persons participating in the survey, we find that women, blacks, and Latina/os are more supportive of diversity policies than men and whites, and a substantial portion of these gender/race differences can be explained by group-differences in the belief that discrimination causes inequality. In addition, we find that respondents report lower levels of support for workplace policies when these policies are framed as a mechanism to increase diversity than when they are framed as being needed to address discrimination or if no justification is given for the policy. Our findings highlight the role of inequality beliefs in shaping worker support for diversity policies, suggesting directions for future research on how such beliefs are developed.

Intervening in Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: The Causal Effects of Factual Information on Attitudes toward Immigration

2021 ◽  
Vol 697 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-191
Author(s):  
Maria Abascal ◽  
Tiffany J. Huang ◽  
Van C. Tran
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Social Cognitions ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Contrast Information ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

If preferences on immigration policy respond to facts, widespread misinformation poses an obstacle to consensus. Does factual information about immigration indeed affect policy preferences? Are beliefs about immigration’s societal impact the mechanism through which factual information affects support for increased immigration? To address these questions, we conducted an original survey experiment, in which we presented a nationally representative sample of 2,049 Americans living in the United States with facts about immigrants’ English acquisition and immigrants’ impact on crime, jobs, and taxes—four domains with common misperceptions. Three of these factual domains (immigration’s impact on crime, jobs, and taxes) raise overall support for increased immigration. These facts also affect beliefs that are directly relevant to that information. Moreover, those beliefs mediate the effect of factual information on support for increased immigration. By contrast, information about English acquisition affects neither policy preferences nor beliefs about immigration’s impact. Facts can leverage social cognitions to change policy preferences.

White Noise and Black Boxes: Social Justice Discourses and Social Media Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Didem Uca
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Digital Spaces

Social media has long been a powerful tool for marginalized individuals to connect and form communities. Yet the digital tools used to facilitate these modes of communication, including the hashtag, can also be overpowered by misuse from users outside of these communities. This essay analyzes recent efforts by people of colour in Germany and the US to curate digital spaces by creating and utilizing hashtags such as #BlackLivesMatter and #MeTwo that center their voices, while also discussing appropriation and right-wing responses to progressive social justice activism that threaten the hashtag’s ability to make meaningful content available to the users who need it.

Zapobieganie prawicowemu ekstremizmowi i jego zwalczanie na przykładzie Niemiec

2011 ◽  
pp. 168-190
Author(s):  
Kinga Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Main Target ◽  
The Media ◽  
Right Wing Extremism

The article scrutinises the issue of right-wing extremism in Germany in recent years. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this problem is gathering in force in the UE while in Germany it is tending to diminish. The anti-extremism actions undertaken in Germany are so significant that they may provide a sui generis model for the other EU states and the European Commission to follow. The article describes, how right-wing extremism is prevented and countered, in particular as exemplified by Germany. Anti-extremist actions are carried out with regard to various entities and in various fields, namely, legislation, justice, administration, education, the media and NGOs. The article provides a review of anti-extremism strategies applied by the state bodies to the extreme right-wing parties, from marginalising them, in the case of Germany, to accepting them into ruling coalitions, in the case of Austria. The author’s considerations lead her to the conclusion that the main target groups in anti-extremist actions should be the youth and journalists.

The Future of the UN Human Rights Council: Insights at the Inter-Luminated Juncture of Thought and Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-70
Author(s):  
Obiora C. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Human Rights Council ◽  
Special Procedure ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Fertilization

A relatively young body with roots in an older institution, the UN Human Rights Council has enjoyed some success and continued to serve important positive goals, many of them not easily realized. However, the system has always had significant internal and external limitations and continues to be beset by many problems – some more serious than others, and others more imagined than real. In our own time, the rise of right-wing populist regimes around the world, the continuities and discontinuities of the challenge that this sort of populism has posed to multilateralism in global governance, the economic crises that recently beset many parts of the world leading to serious resource constraints among many of the States that contribute the most to the UN’s budget, and the on-and-off withdrawals of the US (one of the most powerful States in the world) from the Council amidst charges of selectivity, appear to have combined to produce heightened crisis within and about that body. What to do? Informed by the cross-fertilization of the author’s academic thought and practical experience at the UN, the article offers an analysis of the Council’s attainments (including its embrace of a broader and more inclusive agenda, upr reduction of selectivity, the reform of its system of appointing special procedure mandate holders, increase in the number of standing invitations issued by States to such mandate holders, and establishment of an effective sids/ldcs fund); discusses the problems that presently confront the Council (many of which have already been referred to above); and works out in some detail some of the ways in which these difficulties can be effectively ameliorated so as to enhance the Council’s performance in the near- to medium-term future.

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