scholarly journals How Concentrated are Police on Crime? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Concentration of Police Presence and Crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Dau ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver ◽  
Maite Dewinter ◽  
Frank Witlox ◽  
Tom Vander Beken
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Police Chiefs ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Crime Patterns ◽  
Police Patrol ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Street Segments

Purpose Police patrol has undergone an evidence-based and data driven transition in the beginning of the 21st century. While crime patterns are well researched, patterns of police presence are not. Despite the abundance of available GPS data, little is known about the spatiotemporal patterns of police forces. Given the paucity of evidence on where everyday policing takes place, we ask: what spatiotemporal patterns of police exist, how do these patterns change over time, and how do these correspond to local crime patterns? Methods Therefore, we analysed more than 77 million GPS signals from 130 police patrol cars and more than 50,000 recorded crimes from 2019.to investigate where and when police patrols are present. All data were geocoded and map matched using high performance computing.Results We found that police, much like crime, concentrates on a small proportion of street segments and that the spatial concentration experiences temporal instability at the micro level. Further, spatiotemporal police presence and its concentration appear to be unrelated to local levels of crime and crime concentration. Conclusions These findings inform police chiefs and researchers alike and enable alterations of patrol deployment in order to refine the spatiotemporal focus of police on local crime. Future considerations are required to research optimal spatiotemporal alignment of police presence to effectively prevent crime.

Pritchett Controls: ten years into employee ownership

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Richard C. Hoffman ◽  
Wayne H. Decker ◽  
Frank Shipper
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
In The Beginning

Synopsis This case illustrates the rationale for adopting employee ownership, and difficulties in implementing employee empowerment beyond investment. In the beginning it focuses on why Jerry Pritchett, one of the co-founders of Pritchett Controls, decided to convert it to an employee-owned company. In the body of the case, it details the efforts of the company to operate under its new ownership structure in an increasingly competitive environment. Although Pritchett established employee owners, only selected High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) practices have been implemented. The issue that reader must grapple with is whether other HPWS practices should be adopted or not. Research methodology Primary data were collected by interviewing eight managers including the current and former CEO at two of the firm’s three locations. Secondary data were used to supplement industry and competitive information. Relevant courses and levels Human resources courses, especially those that focus on strategic human resource management, organizational development, and how high performance organizations can be built, would be most appropriate for this case. Theoretical bases The primary theoretical foundations for this submission are shared entrepreneurship and HPWS. Knowledge of leadership, employee ownership, human resources, corporate governance, organizational culture and strategy would also be helpful in analyzing this case.

Test Facility for Absorber Specimens of Solar Tower Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Konstantin Geimer ◽  
Markus Sauerborn ◽  
Bernhard Hoffschmidt ◽  
Mark Schmitz ◽  
Joachim Göttsche
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
In The Beginning

The Solar-Institute Jülich (SIJ) has initiated the construction of the first and only German solar tower power plant and is now involved in the accompanying research. The power plant for experimental and demonstration purposes in the town of Jülich started supplying electric energy in the beginning of 2008. The central receiver plant features as central innovation an open volumetric receiver, consisting of porous ceramic elements that simultaneously absorb the concentrated sunlight and transfer the heat to ambient air passing through the pores so that an average temperature of 680°C is reached. The subsequent steam cycle generates up to 1.5 MWe. A main field of research at the SIJ is the optimization of the absorber structures. To analyze the capability of new absorber specimens a special test facility was developed and set up in the laboratory. A high-performance near-infrared radiator offers for single test samples a variable and repeatable beam with a power of up to 320 kW/m² peak. The temperatures achieved on the absorber surface can reach more than 1000°C. To suck ambient air through the open absorber - like on the tower - it is mounted on a special blower system. An overview about the test facility and some recent results will be presented.

scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS ON CO2 EMISSIONS FROM HOUSEHOLDS IN JAPAN

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W16 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
R. Cong ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
R. Hirata ◽  
A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Census Area

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Global warming has become worse and worse as the increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions especially by the main contributor carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Thus, clarifying the spatiotemporal patterns of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from residential sector is very important for policy makers. To support the GHG mitigation in local area, this study provides a bottom-up framework that could count the monthly residential CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at community level, demonstrated for Japan. A map-based population census is utilized to count the monthly and yearly emissions by combining the statistics data on households with detailed emission intensities. The residential emissions from each census area are estimated and mapped by Geographic Information System. Through the analysis, we proposed the solutions on GHG mitigation and reported the spatiotemporal patterns for residential emissions.</p>

Co-pigmentation of caffeic acid and catechin on wine color and the effect of ultrasound in model wine solutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Dan Xue ◽  
Qing-An Zhang ◽  
Ting-Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Color Effect ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Wine Color

Abstract Objective Wine color is usually considered to be one of the important indicators to judge the red wine quality, and is also employed to evaluate the wine ageing, while the wine color can be influenced by many factors. Methods In this paper, the effects of caffeic acid and catechin on the wine color and the mechanism were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy for the red wine and the constructed model solutions with the addition of catechin, caffeic acid and malvidin-3-O-glucoside, respectively. The spectrum changes of the model wine solutions (Mv-glc, Mv-glc + caffeic acid and Mv-glc + catechin) during the 120 days storage were monitored to analyze the influence of co-pigmentation on the red wine color. Results The results indicate that the color properties of red wine could be affected by caffeic acid and catechin to a certain extent. Moreover, caffeic acid had the stronger auxiliary color effect on the malvidin-3-O-glucoside than that of the catechin in the model wine solutions, and the former effect continued to increase with the prolongation of storage time, while the latter effect (catechin) only had the temporary auxiliary color effect in the beginning, and weakened from red to orange yellow with the increasing of storage time. Furthermore, ultrasound irradiation had a further improvement on the co-pigmentation, resulting in the modification of wine color. Conclusion All results indicate that the co-pigmentation reaction of wine color could be modified by the addition of caffeic acid and ultrasonic treatment so as to obtain a high quality of red wine.

scholarly journals BrainQuake: An Open-Source Python Toolbox for the Stereoelectroencephalography Spatiotemporal Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Cai ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Haixiang Wang ◽  
Wenjing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Seizure Onset Zone ◽  
User Friendly

Intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is broadly used in the presurgical evaluation of intractable epilepsy, due to its high temporal resolution in neural activity recording and high spatial resolution within suspected epileptogenic zones. Neurosurgeons or technicians face the challenge of conducting a workflow of post-processing operations with the multimodal data (e.g., MRI, CT, and EEG) after the implantation surgery, such as brain surface reconstruction, electrode contact localization, and SEEG data analysis. Several software or toolboxes have been developed to take one or more steps in the workflow but without an end-to-end solution. In this study, we introduced BrainQuake, an open-source Python software for the SEEG spatiotemporal analysis, integrating modules and pipelines in surface reconstruction, electrode localization, seizure onset zone (SOZ) prediction based on ictal and interictal SEEG analysis, and final visualizations, each of which is highly automated with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). BrainQuake also supports remote communications with a public server, which is facilitated with automated and standardized preprocessing pipelines, high-performance computing power, and data curation management to provide a time-saving and compatible platform for neurosurgeons and researchers.

scholarly journals Learners’ goal profiles and their learning patterns over an academic year

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Ng
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Distance Learners ◽  
Multiple Goal ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Academic Year

<p>The present study aimed to examine distance learners’ goal profiles and their contrasting patterns of learning and achievements at three different points during an academic year, i.e. in the beginning of the course in relation to learners’ general orientations to learning, at the middle of the course in relation to learners’ completion of an assignment, and towards the end of the course in relation to learners’ preparation for course examination.  Two hundred seventy-six adult distance learners completed three survey questionnaires that assessed their motivation and learning at these three  learning points.  Using person-centred analytical procedures, this study located four groups of learners based on different combinations of mastery and performance-approach goals. MANOVA results have shown that multiple-goal learners (High mastery/High performance, HH) who held strong mastery and performance-approach goals used more deep and regulatory strategies and showed a higher level of learning interest across three waves of surveys than did those focusing solely on mastery (HL) or performance-approach goals (LH). However, the multiple-goal learners did not have better achievement levels compared to those focusing solely on mastery goals (HL).  Given that multiple goal learners learnt with a more engaged pattern, it is less likely that these motivated learners will drop out of distance learning courses and programs. Future studies should explore how these goals can be promoted simultaneously in distance learning.</p>

Measuring Marginal Crime Concentration: A New Solution to an Old Problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782098421
Author(s):  
Aaron Chalfin ◽  
Jacob Kaplan ◽  
Maria Cuellar
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
Statistical Sense ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
Empirical Regularity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
American Society ◽  
Street Segments

Objectives: In his 2014 Sutherland address to the American Society of Criminology, David Weisburd demonstrated that the share of crime that is accounted for by the most crime-ridden street segments is notably high and strikingly similar across cities, an empirical regularity referred to as the “law of crime concentration.” In the large literature that has since proliferated, there remains considerable debate as to how crime concentration should be measured empirically. We suggest a measure of crime concentration that is simple, accurate and easily interpreted. Methods: Using data from three of the largest cities in the United States, we compare observed crime concentration to a counterfactual distribution of crimes generated by randomizing crimes to street segments. We show that this method avoids a key pitfall that causes a popular method of measuring crime concentration to considerably overstate the degree of crime concentration in a city. Results: While crime is significantly concentrated in a statistical sense and while some crimes are substantively concentrated among hot spots, the precise relationship is considerably weaker than has been documented in the empirical literature. Conclusions: The method we propose is simple and easily interpretable and compliments recent advances which use the Gini coefficient to measure crime concentration.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN AUKSIN (ASAM 3-INDOL ASETAT) PADA TAHAP PERKEMBANGAN BUAH KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea (L.) Merr.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Sulistiono Sulistiono ◽  
Issirep Soemardi ◽  
Aziz Purwantoro
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Detector Method ◽  
Auxin Content ◽  
In The Beginning

Auxin has an important role to control both of the growth and tropism of gynophore and the development of fruit and embryo of peanut (Arachis hypogaea (L). Merr.). The experiment was carried out to examine the contents of auxin during peanut development, i.e. at the time of anthesis (day 0), at day 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, 23, and 31 after anthesis, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector method. Between the day of anthesis to the day 31 after anthesis, the auxin contents changed according to fruit development stage. The free auxin contents in the developed fruit (entering the soil) were higher than undeveloped fruit (not entering the soil), while the bound auxin content in the developed fruit were lower than undeveloped fruit. The lowest free auxin contents was found at the time of anthesis, then increased drastically when the gynophore grew fast and in the beginning of embryo development stage (day 7). Between the day 7 to the day 15 after anthesis, the free auxin contents were decreased. In the development fruit, the free auxin contents increased when the fruit begin to grow (day 15-18), then decreased until the seed reached its full size (day 31). In the undeveloped fruit, the free auxin contents decreased at day 7 to day 31. The bound auxin contents in the developed fruit decreased until the day 18, and increased gradually until day 31. In the undeveloped fruit, the bound auxin contents decreased at day 15 and afterward.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING “RECOGNITION OF NEED FOR DATA” IN SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
EMILSE GÓMEZ-TORRES
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Statistical Thinking ◽  
Math Teachers ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
In The Beginning

This paper describes the evolution of “recognition of need for data” and “strategical thinking”, two types of thinking identified by Wild and Pfannkuch in their Framework for Statistical Thinking in Empirical Enquiry, as well as its relevance for math teacher professional development. The research was carried out with ten in-service secondary-school math teachers during an educational experience (at Bogotá, Colombia), who, in the beginning, showed high performance in procedural knowledge of data analysis. The experience was founded on project based learning that participants proposed and conducted via a survey concerning implications of a Bill, relevant for their job context. These teachers made mistakes and showed difficulties during the two first stages of the investigative cycle, problem formulation, and research planning,  due possibly to their inexperience in designing an empirical inquiry. Teacher educator’s guidance, to turn mistakes into learning opportunities and teachers’ active participation, promoted the development of statistical thinking, especially linked to the types aforementioned. Abstract: Spanish Este artículo describe el desarrollo de “reconocimiento de la necesidad de los datos” y “pensamiento estratégico”, dos de modos de razonamiento identificados por Wild y Pfannkuch (1999) en su marco para pensamiento estadístico en investigación empírica, así como su importancia en la formación de profesores de matemáticas. La investigación se lleva a cabo con diez profesores de matemáticas en ejercicio, durante una experiencia de formación (Bogotá, Colombia), quienes al inicio del curso mostraron un buen nivel de conocimiento procedimental en análisis de datos. En el marco del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, los profesores propusieron y desarrollaron una encuesta relacionada con las implicaciones de la implementación de un proyecto de ley, relevante para ellos. Los profesores cometieron errores y mostraron dificultades durante las dos primeras partes del ciclo investigativo, formulación del problema y planeación de la investigación, debido a su falta de experiencia en la formulación de un estudio empírico. La orientación del formador, para convertir las debilidades en oportunidades de aprendizaje, y la participación activa de los profesores favorecieron el desarrollo de razonamiento estadístico, especialmente asociado a los dos tipos de razonamientos ya mencionados.

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