scholarly journals Critical psychologies and climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Adams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Critical Psychology ◽  
Liberation Psychology ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Sustainable Societies ◽  
Mainstream Psychology

This article is a review of recent contributions in critical psychology, and its close cousins, critical social psychology, critical community psychology and liberation psychology, to understandings of the human response to climate change. It contrasts critical psychology with mainstream psychology in general terms, before introducing a critical psychological perspective on climate change. Central to this perspective is a critique of the framing of individual behaviour change as the problem and solution to climate change in mainstream psychology, and a related emphasis on identifying ‘barriers’ to pro-environmental behaviour. This framework is argued to be reductive, obscuring or downplaying the influence of a range of factors in shaping predominant responses to climate change to date, including social context, discourse, power and affect. Currently, critical psychologies set out to study the relative contribution of these factors to (in)action on climate change. A related concern is how the psychological and emotional impacts of climate change impact unevenly on communities and individuals, depending on place-based, economic, geographic and cultural differences, and giving rises to experiences of injustice, inequality and disempowerment. Critical psychology does not assume these to be overriding or inevitable psychological and social responses, however. Critical psychologies also undertake research and inform interventions that highlight the role of collective understanding, activism, empowerment and resistance as the necessary foundations of a genuine shift towards sustainable societies.

Science and Climate Change Law—The Role of the IPCC in International Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navraj Singh Ghaleigh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Change Climate

This chapter describes the contributions of the scientific community in the development of international climate change law, highlighting in particular the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) assessment and research of the scientific, technical, and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of climate change. Since the Panel’s establishment under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988, it has released several scientific papers that provide a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change. The chapter examines the core of the IPCC’s assessment reports, which are divided into three working groups that deal respectively with the ‘Physical Science Basis of Climate Change’, ‘Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability’, and ‘Mitigation of Climate Change’. The IPCC also addresses specific areas, such as renewable energy, disaster management, and climate engineering.

Mapping the determinants of carbon-related CEO compensation: a multilevel approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Winschel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Research Propositions

Purpose In view of the current climate change emergency and the growing importance of the climate-related accountability of companies, this paper aims to advance a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of carbon-related chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. Design/methodology/approach Building on the agency-theoretical perspective on executive compensation and existing work in the fields of management, corporate governance, cultural studies, and behavioral science, this paper derives a multilevel framework of the determinants of carbon-related CEO compensation. Findings This paper maps the determinants of carbon-related CEO compensation at the societal, organizational, group, and individual levels of analysis. It also provides research propositions on the determinants that can support and challenge the implementation of this instrument of environmental corporate governance. Originality/value In the past literature, the determinants of carbon-related CEO compensation have remained largely unexplored. This paper contributes to the academic discussion on environmental corporate governance by showcasing the role of interlinkages among the determinants of carbon-related CEO compensation and the possible countervailing impacts. In view of the complex interdisciplinary nature of climate change impact, this paper encourages businesses practitioners and regulators to intensify their climate change mitigation efforts and delineates the levers at their disposal.

scholarly journals Foraminiferal holobiont thermal tolerance under climate change – Roommates problems or successful collaboration?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doron Pinko ◽  
Sigal Abramovich ◽  
Danna Titelboim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Successful Collaboration

Abstract. Understanding the response of marine organisms to expected future warming is essential. Large Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) are symbiont bearing protists considered to be major carbonate producers and ecosystems engineers. We examined the thermal tolerance of two main types of LBF holobionts characterized by different algal symbionts and shell types (resulted from alternative biomineralization mechanisms): The hyaline diatom bearing, Amphistegina lobifera, and the porcelaneous dinoflagellate bearing, Sorites orbiculus. To assess the relative contribution of host and symbiont algae to the holobiont thermal tolerance we separately evaluated their response by measuring calcification rates and photosynthetic activity under present-day and future warming scenarios. Our results show that both holobionts exhibit thermal resilience up to 32 °C and sensitivity to 35 °C. This sensitivity differs in the magnitude of their response: calcification of A. lobifera was completely inhibited while it was only reduced in S. orbiculus. Thus, future warming will significantly shift the relative contribution of the two species as carbonate producers. Moreover, A. lobifera exhibited a synchronized response of the host and symbionts. In contrast, in S. orbiculus the symbionts responded prior to the host, possibly limiting its resilience. Our results also demonstrate the role of pre-exposure and acclimation processes of host, symbionts or both in mitigating future warming. It highlights the possibility that while pre-exposure to moderate temperatures benefits the holobiont, in cases of extreme temperature it might reduce its thermal tolerance.

scholarly journals Liberation psychology: a constructive critical praxis

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burton
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Psychology ◽  
Liberation Psychology ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Political Commentary ◽  
Social Trauma ◽  
Key Concepts

Can a critical psychology be more than an inward looking critique of the discipline itself? Liberation psychology emerged in Latin America in the 1980s. It is a critical psychology with an action focus, taking sides with the oppressed populations of the continent. The originator of the approach, Ignacio Martín-Baró practiced psychology in the context of the El Salvador an civil war, himself becoming a victim of State repression. The consequences of social conflict have since then been an important theme for liberation psychology. Other areas of emphasis have been community social psychology with an emphasis on the role of social movements and social and political commentary and critique. I will present a review of the field covering some key concepts (conscientisation, de-ideologization, historical memory, reconstruction of psychology from the perspective of the other), its geographical spread (in Latin America and other regions), its organization (the emergence of liberation psychology networks and collectives) and some examples of work that is relevant to social trauma, the theme of this symposium.

scholarly journals Impacts of bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs on hydrological simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-941
Author(s):  
Yu Hui ◽  
Yuni Xu ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Natural Climate Variability ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract Bias correction methods are based on the assumption of bias stationarity of climate model outputs. However, this assumption may not be valid, because of the natural climate variability. This study investigates the impacts of bias nonstationarity of climate models simulated precipitation and temperature on hydrological climate change impact studies. The bias nonstationarity is determined as the range of difference in bias over multiple historical periods with no anthropogenic climate change for four different time windows. The role of bias nonstationarity in future climate change is assessed using the signal-to-noise ratio as a criterion. The results show that biases of climate models simulated monthly and annual precipitation and temperature vary with time, especially for short time windows. The bias nonstationarity of precipitation plays a great role in future precipitation change, while the role of temperature bias is not important. The bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs is amplified when driving a hydrological model for hydrological simulations. The increase in the length of time window can mitigate the impacts of bias nonstationarity for streamflow projections. Thus, a long time period is suggested to be used to calibrate a bias correction method for hydrological climate change impact studies to reduce the influence of natural climate variability.

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