scholarly journals The Culture of Enzymes: A Mathematical Model of Biological Enzyme Clustering as a Homology to Refugee Migration and Cultural Preservation in Environmentally Displaced Persons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Awkal ◽  
Tae Yoon Kim ◽  
Trong Nhut Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flooded Area

Environmentally Displaced Persons (EDPs) need to relocate, but there is also the risk of losing a unique culture, language, and way of life. This study uses mathematical models associated with the efficiency of biological enzyme clustering in order to assess the degree to which EDPs are at risk of loss of culture and determine the potential impact of proposed policies.There were critical objectives of this study, firstly, to predict the number of people at risk of losing their homeland at a particular time in the future. Second, based on the aforementioned projections, find ethical and beneficial policies to move these Environmentally Displaced Persons (EDPs) in a way such that EDPs can honorably preserve their unique cultural heritage. We took into account that these small island nations have small populations and individual cultural differences exist within each different island.A Sea Level Rise-Based Climate Impact Migration Model was proposed to find the number of people affected by the land lost from the Sea Level Rise (SLR). In the direction of accurate projections, our team designed two simulations that were executed on the SLR Model. Fundamentally, an Exponential Regression Model was used to calculate the future total population of Maldives (one of the at-risk-nations in danger of flooding) presuming the population followed the exponential growth. Next, we used a Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm to find the non-linear model for the flooded area of the land and Water Drop Waveform Model to also calculate the flooded area on the island. We predict about 13% of people lose their homes by 2050, 72% by 2080, and 93% by 2100.Next, a Two-Step Metabolic Pathway Model was adopted to explain social heritage preservation within a confined area based on the idea that two-step metabolism and cultural transition work in a complementary fashion. It is known that communication between EDPs and individuals of the host country must go through an intermediate to communicate, this analogous phenomenon is seen in the one-way communication between an enzyme and its substrate to catalyze the formation of a product. In our mathematical model, the product is the cultural preservation and the enzyme-substrate complex is mathematically seen by the interaction between the EDPs and individuals of the host country. Just as humans are key to cultural preservation, enzymes-substrate complexes are essential for product formation and we contend that this notion should occur in optimized ratios. We predict there should be twice as many people absorbing the culture than the ones who transfer it. The area of the EDP cluster should be 2.96km squared.Finally, the sensitivity of our proposed mathematical models were evaluated and suggestions for future implementation of political decisions and improvements were promoted.

scholarly journals The Problem of Environmentally Displaced Person

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 294-300
Author(s):  
Yanting Wei ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
3D Model ◽  
International Community ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Protection Policy

Global warming is accelerating the speed of sea level rise, and more and more island countries are under threat. In our essay, we build the model and develop the environmentally displaced persons allocation policy and cultural protection policy. We use the data from 43 island countries that most at risk of cultural loss to predict changes in environmentally displaced persons population. The sea level submergence model is built by simplifying complex 3D model and computer simulation. Through the model, the environmentally displaced persons population is predicted to reach 6.3 million in 100 years. Therefore, we need to combine the efforts of the international community and NGOs to help environmentally displaced persons.

scholarly journals High accuracy coastal flood mapping for Norway using LiDAR data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Breili ◽  
Matthew James Ross Simpson ◽  
Erlend Klokkervold ◽  
Oda Roaldsdotter Ravndal
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Elevation Data

Abstract. Using new high accuracy Light Detection and Ranging elevation data we generate coastal flooding maps for Norway. Thus far, we have mapped ~ 80 % of the coast, for which we currently have data of sufficient accuracy to perform our analysis. Although Norway is generally at low risk from sea-level rise largely owing to its steep topography, the maps presented here show that on local scales, many parts of the coast are potentially vulnerable to flooding. There is a considerable amount of infrastructure at risk along the relatively long and complicated coastline. Nationwide we identify a total area of 400 km2, 105,000 buildings, and 510 km of roads that are at risk of flooding from a 200 year storm-surge event at present. These numbers will increase to 610 km2, 137,000, and 1340 km with projected sea-level rise to 2090 (95th percentile of RCP8.5 as recommended in planning). We find that some of our results are likely biased high owing to erroneous mapping (at least for lower water levels close to the tidal datum which delineates the coastline). A comparison of control points from different terrain types indicates that the elevation model has a root mean square error of 0.26 m and is the largest source of uncertainty in our mapping method. The coastal flooding maps and associated statistics are freely available, and alongside the development of coastal climate services, will help communicate the risks of sea-level rise and storm surge to stakeholders. This will in turn aid coastal management and climate adaption work in Norway.

scholarly journals The future sea-level rise contribution of Greenland’s glaciers and ice caps

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 025005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Machguth ◽  
P Rastner ◽  
T Bolch ◽  
N Mölg ◽  
L Sandberg Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals US power plant sites at risk of future sea-level rise

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 124022 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bierkandt ◽  
M Auffhammer ◽  
A Levermann
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level

scholarly journals Simulations of the Greenland ice sheet 100 years into the future with the full Stokes model Elmer/Ice

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (209) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakime Seddik ◽  
Ralf Greve ◽  
Thomas Zwinger ◽  
Fabien Gillet-Chaulet ◽  
Olivier Gagliardini
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Streams ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Dynamic Scenario ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basal Sliding

AbstractIt is likely that climate change will have a significant impact on the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet, contributing to future sea-level rise. Here we present the implementation of the full Stokes model Elmer/Ice for the Greenland ice sheet, which includes a mesh refinement technique in order to resolve fast-flowing ice streams and outlet glaciers. We discuss simulations 100 years into the future, forced by scenarios defined by the SeaRISE (Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution) community effort. For comparison, the same experiments are also run with the shallow-ice model SICOPOLIS (SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets). We find that Elmer/Ice is ~43% more sensitive (exhibits a larger loss of ice-sheet volume relative to the control run) than SICOPOLIS for the ice-dynamic scenario (doubled basal sliding), but ~61 % less sensitive for the direct global warming scenario (based on the A1 B moderate-emission scenario for greenhouse gases). The scenario with combined A1B global warming and doubled basal sliding forcing produces a Greenland contribution to sea-level rise of ~15cm for Elmer/Ice and ~12cm for SICOPOLIS over the next 100 years.

scholarly journals The social values at risk from sea-level rise

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Graham ◽  
Jon Barnett ◽  
Ruth Fincher ◽  
Anna Hurlimann ◽  
Colette Mortreux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Social Values ◽  
The Social

Millions projected to be at risk from sea-level rise in the continental United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew E. Hauer ◽  
Jason M. Evans ◽  
Deepak R. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level

scholarly journals Glacier dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Jakobshavn Isbræ

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4865-4892
Author(s):  
I. S. Muresan ◽  
S. A. Khan ◽  
A. Aschwanden ◽  
C. Khroulev ◽  
T. Van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Outlet Glacier ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glacier Dynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Oceanic Forcing

Abstract. Observations over the past two decades show substantial ice loss associated with the speedup of marine terminating glaciers in Greenland. Here we use a regional 3-D outlet glacier model to simulate the behaviour of Jakobshavn Isbræ (JI) located in west Greenland. Using atmospheric and oceanic forcing we tune our model to reproduce the observed frontal changes of JI during 1990–2014. We identify two major accelerations. The first occurs in 1998, and is triggered by moderate thinning prior to 1998. The second acceleration, which starts in 2003 and peaks in summer 2004, is triggered by the final breakup of the floating tongue, which generates a reduction in buttressing at the JI terminus. This results in further thinning, and as the slope steepens inland, sustained high velocities have been observed at JI over the last decade. As opposed to other regions on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), where dynamically induced mass loss has slowed down over recent years, both modelled and observed results for JI suggest a continuation of the acceleration in mass loss. Further, we find that our model is not able to capture the 2012 peak in the observed velocities. Our analysis suggests that the 2012 acceleration of JI is likely the result of an exceptionally long melt season dominated by extreme melt events. Considering that such extreme surface melt events are expected to intensify in the future, our findings suggest that the 21st century projections of the GrIS mass loss and the future sea level rise may be larger than predicted by existing modelling results.

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