scholarly journals Can competing diversity indices inform us about why ethnic diversity erodes social cohesion? A test of five diversity indices in Germany

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Informative Indices ◽  
Cross National

An ever-growing number of studies investigates the relation between ethnic diversity and social cohesion, but these studies have produced mixed results. In cross-national research, some scholars have recently started to investigate more refined and informative indices of ethnic diversity than the commonly used Hirschman-Herfindahl Index. These refined indices allow to test competing theoretical explanations of why ethnic diversity is associated with declines in social cohesion. This study assesses the applicability of this approach for sub-national analyses. Generally, the results confirm a negative association between social cohesion and ethnic diversity. However, the competing indices are empirically indistinguishable and thus insufficient to test different theories against one another. Follow-up simulations suggest the general conclusion that the competing indices are meaningful operationalizations only if a sample includes: (1) contextual units with small and contextual units with large minority shares, as well as (2) contextual units with diverse and contextual units with polarized ethnic compositions. The results are thus instructive to all researchers who wish to apply different diversity indices and thereby test competing theories.

scholarly journals Ethnic diversity, segregation and the social cohesion of neighbourhoods in London

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Sturgis ◽  
Ian Brunton-Smith ◽  
Jouni Kuha ◽  
Jonathan Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals The prospective relationship between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older adults from Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bertossi Urzua ◽  
Milagros A Ruiz ◽  
Andrzej Pajak ◽  
Magdalena Kozela ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Prospective Association

BackgroundSocial cohesion has a potential protective effect against depression, but evidence for Central and Eastern Europe is lacking. We investigated the prospective association between social cohesion and elevated depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland, and assessed whether alcohol drinking and smoking mediated this association.MethodsCohort data from 15 438 older urban participants from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe project were analysed. Baseline social cohesion was measured by five questions, and depressive symptoms were measured 3 years later by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) Scale. Nested logistic regression models estimated ORs of elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D 10 score ≥4) by z-scores and tertiles of social cohesion.ResultsPer 1 SD decrease in social cohesion score, adjusted ORs of elevated depressive symptoms were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.13) in men and women, respectively. Further adjustment for smoking and drinking did not attenuate these associations in either men (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22) or women (OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13). Similarly, the fully adjusted ORs comparing the lowest versus highest social cohesion tertile were 1.33 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.62) in men and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.39) in women.ConclusionsLower levels of social cohesion was associated with heightened depressive symptoms after a 3-year follow-up among older Czech, Russian and Polish adults. These effects appeared stronger in men, and alcohol and smoking played no appreciable role in this association.

scholarly journals Building Bridges: The Time Travel method for Learning and Community building

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Ebbe Westergren
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Process Event

This article presents the Time Travel method, an educational method that uses local heritage to reflect on contemporary issues. The goal is to promote learning, social cohesion and contribute to community building. The Time Travel method started in Kalmar, Sweden in the mid-80s and has spread to more than 20 countries around the world. Target groups are schools and local communities. The definition, principles and the three phases (process, event, follow-up) of the Time Travel method are here explained. Examples of Time Travel programs in South Africa, Kenya and Sweden are presented in an extensive way, and the effect on schools and local communities. Finally, achievements and challenges are discussed and some ideas on how to take the Time Travel method and the organization Bridging Ages into the future, also in South America.Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o método Viagem no Tempo, um método educacional que utiliza o patrimônio local para refletir sobre questões contemporâneas. O objetivo é promover a aprendizagem, a coesão social e contribuir para a construção comunitária. O método de Viagem no Tempo começou em Kalmar, Suécia, em meados dos anos 80 e se espalhou para mais de 20 países ao redor do mundo. Os grupos-alvo são escolas e comunidades locais. A definição, os princípios e as três fases (processo, evento, acompanhamento) do método de viagem no tempo são explicados aqui. Exemplos de programações de viagens no tempo na África do Sul, Quênia e Suécia são apresentados de forma extensa e o efeito nas escolas e comunidades locais. Por fim, os resultados e desafios são discutidos e algumas ideias de como levar o método Viagem no Tempo e a organização Bridging Ages para o futuro, também na América do Sul.

scholarly journals Ethnic Diversity, Social Trust and the Moderating Role of Subnational Integration Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte Gundelach ◽  
Anita Manatschal
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
The Impact

Increasing ethnic diversity and whether or not it impacts on social trust are highly debated topics. Numerous studies report a negative relationship between diversity and trust, particularly in the United States. A growing body of follow-up studies has examined the extent to which these findings can be transferred to Europe, but the results remain inconclusive. Moving beyond the discussion of the mere existence or absence of diversity effects on trust, this study is concerned with the moderation of this relationship. It addresses the neglected role of subnational integration policies influencing the impact of diversity on trust. Empirical tests not only indicate that integration policies moderate the relationship but also suggest that the influence of policies varies substantively according to the specific policy aspect under consideration.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Individual Needs in Diabetes (MIND)-2: Follow-up data from the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) MIND study

Diabetes Care ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2128-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Snoek ◽  
N. Y. A. Kersch ◽  
E. Eldrup ◽  
I. Harman-Boehm ◽  
N. Hermanns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Needs ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross National
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