Multi-tract multi-symptom relationships in pediatric concussions

The heterogeneity of white matter damage and symptoms in concussions has been identified as a major obstacle to therapeutic innovation. In contrast, the vast majority of diffusion MRI studies on concussion have traditionally employed group-comparison approaches. Such studies do not consider heterogeneity of damage and symptoms in concussion. To parse concussion heterogeneity, the present study combines diffusion MRI (dMRI) and multivariate statistics to investigate multi-tract multi-symptom relationships. Using dMRI data from a sample of 306 children ages 9 and 10 with a history of concussion from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD study), we built connectomes weighted by classical and emerging diffusion measures. These measures were combined into two informative indices, the first capturing a mixture of patterns suggestive of microstructural complexity, the second representing almost exclusively axonal density. We deployed pattern-learning algorithms to jointly decompose these connectivity features and 19 behavioural measures that capture well-known symptoms of concussions. We found idiosyncratic symptom-specific multi-tract connectivity features, which would not be captured in traditional univariate analyses. Multivariable connectome-symptom correspondences were stronger than all single-tract/single-symptom associations. Multi-tract connectivity features were also expressed equally across different sociodemographic strata and their expression was not accounted for by injury-related variables. In a replication dataset, the expression of multi-tract connectivity features predicted adverse psychiatric outcomes after accounting for other psychopathology-related variables. By defining cross-demographic multi-tract multi-symptom relationships to parse concussion heterogeneity, the present study can pave the way for the development of improved stratification strategies that may contribute to the success of future clinical trials and the improvement of concussion management.

The role of biological and socio-hygienic factors on the mechanism of the change of somatometric and hemodynamic indices of students

There were studied basic somatometric, hemodynamic indices and daily dietary intake in students. There were analyzed the correlation relationships between the most important and informative indices. There was noted the lack of reliable link between the attained body height and weight with those at birth. There was shown an impact of the separate components of the diet on the morphological status of the body and the functioning of the circulatory system. There were established gender features consisting in the presence of strong correlations in a group of young men. There were revealed intra-individual differences of specific indices most pronounced in data of the daily intake.

PREDICTION OF THE DURATION OF HOSPITAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CATARACT

The aim of the paper was to evaluate and determine the duration of the hospital treatment of patients with cataract. Materials and methods of the investigation. 629 case histories were analyzed and 60 patients’ forms were also analyzed. The assessment of case histories was done according to the scheme: sex, age, the stage of cataract, the duration of hospital treatment, the cause of treatment which lasts more than 1 day (postoperative complication, treatment of concomitant eye diseases, patient’s desire), the type of complication. 60 surveyed patients with cataract required surgical treatment in order to work out the model of the duration of hospital treatment. The questionnaire contained several questions, which answers allow evaluating the social status of patients, somatic and optic status, peculiarities of the main disease and also the duration at the hospital after the operation. Results. It has been demonstrated that patient’s age, his or her financial status, the number of concomitant somatic and eye diseases are the main peculiarities for the prognosis for long-lasting stay at hospital after surgical treatment. Undetermined logics was used to create the model of prognosis of the duration of hospital treatment based on еру results of patients’ questionnaire, the method of clustering was used to receive undetermined rules. Conclusions. Ophthalmologic status of the patient, the presence of concomitant eye diseases, such as myopia alta, glaucoma, diseases of retina, and optic nerve and concomitant somatic disease play an important role in the choice of the type of treatment. The most informative indices for hospital treatment of patients with cataract after surgery are patient’s age, his/her financial status, the number of concomitant somatic and eye diseases.

Can competing diversity indices inform us about why ethnic diversity erodes social cohesion? A test of five diversity indices in Germany

An ever-growing number of studies investigates the relation between ethnic diversity and social cohesion, but these studies have produced mixed results. In cross-national research, some scholars have recently started to investigate more refined and informative indices of ethnic diversity than the commonly used Hirschman-Herfindahl Index. These refined indices allow to test competing theoretical explanations of why ethnic diversity is associated with declines in social cohesion. This study assesses the applicability of this approach for sub-national analyses. Generally, the results confirm a negative association between social cohesion and ethnic diversity. However, the competing indices are empirically indistinguishable and thus insufficient to test different theories against one another. Follow-up simulations suggest the general conclusion that the competing indices are meaningful operationalizations only if a sample includes: (1) contextual units with small and contextual units with large minority shares, as well as (2) contextual units with diverse and contextual units with polarized ethnic compositions. The results are thus instructive to all researchers who wish to apply different diversity indices and thereby test competing theories.

ВІДБІР ІНФОРМАТИВНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВАРІАБЕЛЬНОСТІ РИТМУ СЕРЦЯ – МАРКЕРІВ РЕАКЦІЇ НА ЕМОЦІЙНІ СТИМУЛИ

On the basis of multivariate statistical analysis developed method for the separation of informative indicators of heart rate variability (HRV), which have diagnostic value for the objective assessment of operator's emotional reaction from watching emotive videos. The technique consists of two stages: 1) multivariate analysis of variance; 2) stepwise discriminate analysis with different strategies of feature selection. The total average classification accuracy 4 states of operators by 10 informative indices (two of which are indicators of the results of self -report and other indicators HRV) reached 95.7 %.

INTERPRETATION OF NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREDICTION AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FACTORS

The analysis carried out, as well as the systematisation and generalisation of flight safety problems, has allowed us to propose a model for a flight safety management system and to define directions for priority research. To solve flight safety problems, it is suggested to use the integrated methods of flight safety management on the basis of basic and partial criteria totality, where it is possible to take into account simultaneously the probabilistic indices of the system and informative indices, which are connected by means of using neural networks. Santrauka Atliktas tyrimas, taip pat skrydžio saugumo problemu susisteminimas bei apibendrinimas leido numatyti skrydžiu saugumo valdymo sistemos tobulinimo kelius, nustatyti prioritetines ju tyrimo kryptis. Siekiant užtikrinti skrydžiu sauguma, siūloma taikyti integruotus skrydžiu saugumo valdymo metodus, kurie remiasi baziniu bei daliniu kriteriju visuma; čia galima kartu ivertinti sistemos tikimybinius bei informacinius duomenis, kuriu jungiamaja grandimi yra neuroniniai tinklai.