scholarly journals The Assessment and Development of Oppositionality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Johannes Hoffenaar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Situational Specificity ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Developmental Significance

The main aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the development of oppositionality. For this purpose, five empirical studies were conducted, of which the first three focused on the assessment of oppositionality and the last two focused on the development of oppositionality and its associated outcomes. This chapter aims to integrate the results from these studies. For this purpose, the separate studies will be summarized and discussed with regard to several key issues: (1) the (developmental) significance of oppositionality during early adolescence; (2) the value of self-reported oppositionality; (3) situational specificity; (4) and gender differences. These issues can be considered as common themes that run throughout multiple chapters of this thesis. In addition, this chapter includes some methodological considerations, discusses the clinical implications of our results, and provides recommendations for future research efforts based on the strengths and limitations of our studies.

A Scoping Review of Literature on Sex and Gender Differences Among Dementia Spousal Caregivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. e802-e815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifah Arbel ◽  
Kathleen S Bingham ◽  
Deirdre R Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Abstract Background and Objectives Sex and gender differences among dementia spousal caregivers have been investigated, but never systematically reviewed or synthesized. A synthesis of findings can help facilitate specificity in practice and in health policy development. As a first step towards such a synthesis, this scoping review reports the available evidence, identifies research gaps, and suggests possible directions for future research. Research Design and Methods A scoping review methodology was used to identify articles, and to chart and analyze data. Systematic searches for published, empirical studies, with an explicit goal or hypothesis related to sex or gender differences were conducted in seven databases. Results Sixty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Most (n = 45) were quantitative, cross-sectional studies. Caregivers included in the studies were generally 61–70 years old, Caucasian, middle-class, and highly educated. The most extensively investigated differences are: depression, burden, objective physical health, and informal supports. Discussion and Implications This scoping review is the first to summarize and critique the research on sex and gender differences that are specific to dementia spousal caregivers. The review can be used by researchers to make decisions regarding future systematic reviews and primary studies. To further strengthen the evidence base, future studies may benefit from including more caregivers of ethnic minorities, using more qualitative, longitudinal, or experimental designs, and focusing on variables needed to inform caregiving models and theories. Overall, this scoping review contributes to furthering gender-sensitive practices and policies that are better tailored to the specific needs of this population.

Healthy Children and Fears about Death

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Wass
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Some explanations for the paucity of empirical studies of death fears in healthy, nonbereaved children are offered, and issues in studying this topic are discussed. Three major findings from the existing literature — occurrence, age/developmental differences, and gender differences in frequency, intensity, and quality — are presented, followed by a discussion of questions that remain largely unanswered and explanations that may need revision.

A Cross-Cultural Examination of Student Attitudes and Gender Differences in Facebook Profile Content

2013 ◽  
pp. 217-234
Author(s):  
Katherine Karl ◽  
Joy Peluchette ◽  
Christopher Schlagel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Student Reports

This paper examines cultural and gender differences in student reports of the likelihood that they would post various types of information on their Facebook profiles and their attitudes regarding non-students accessing their profiles. Significant gender and country differences were found. In general, U.S. students were more likely than German students to report they would post extreme information. Males in both countries (U.S. and Germany) were more likely than females to self-promote and be extreme in the information they would post and less concerned if employers viewed their profiles. Both U.S. and German students reported several items they would likely post on their profiles, but did not want employers to see. Implications of these results and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

The personal values of tomorrow's workforce: Similarities and differences across sex and nationality

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Lindorff
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Gender

AbstractPrevious research has identified that values affect attitudes and behaviour, and value differences may be associated with conflict in organizations. This paper examines potential national and gender differences in values in a group of 345 young people soon to be entering the Australian workforce. Although there were national, and small gender, differences in the importance placed on particular values, the young people in the study were consistent in the relative importance placed on happiness, work success and friendship, and the unimportance of life and work activities that contributed to society. Implications for organizations and suggestions for future research are explored.

Sexual Coercion in Gay/Lesbian Relationships: Descriptives and Gender Differences

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Waldner-Haugrud ◽  
Linda V. Gratch
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gay Males ◽  
Lesbian Relationships ◽  
And Gender

A sample of 162 gay males and 111 lesbians (N = 273) completed a survey measuring the frequency of sexually coercive acts occurring within gay and lesbian relationships. Several hypotheses were proposed to clarify earlier findings and to explore gender differences in the data. Contradicting earlier studies’ findings that lesbians experience sexual coercion at higher rates than gay men, the results of this study suggest lesbians are not more likely than gay men to be classified as victims of sexual coercion. Gay men also were found to experience a significantly higher mean number of coercive experiences. Other analyses specific to the type of coercion experienced and the severity of the sexual coercion outcomes (penetration) revealed no gender differences, however. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Development of Vocational Interests in Early Adolescence: Stability, Change, and State-Trait Components

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110356
Author(s):  
Thomas Gfrörer ◽  
Gundula Stoll ◽  
Sven Rieger ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Benjamin Nagengast
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Vocational interests predict major life outcomes such as job performance, college major choice, and life goals. It is therefore important to gain a better understanding of their development during the crucial years of late childhood and early adolescence, when trait-like interests are starting to develop. The present study investigated the development of vocational interests in a longitudinal sample, comprising N = 3,876 participants—assessed at four time points from ages 11 to 14. Stability, state-trait variance components, mean-level development, and gender differences in mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) dimensions were examined. Stabilities were moderate for all dimensions, but Realistic, Investigative, Social, and Conventional interests became more stable over time. For Realistic, Artistic, Social, and Conventional interests, the trait variance increased over time. At age 14, all dimensions had substantial trait variance components. The mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Conventional interests decreased over the 3 years (–0.44 <  d < –0.24). Initial gender differences—with girls having higher Artistic and Social interests and boys having higher Realistic and Investigative interests—increased over time. By investigating the development of vocational interests in late childhood and early adolescence, we complement previous findings and provide first insights about state-trait proportions in early adolescence.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Experience with and Connectedness to Nature Among Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Mustapa ◽  
Khalilah Hassan ◽  
Siti Nuratirah Che Mohd Nasir ◽  
Wenny Arminda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Connectedness To Nature ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Open Access Article

This study aims to identify the age and gender differences in children's experiences with nature and their connectedness to nature (CTN). This study employed a quantitative approach and involved 760 children aged 10-11 years old, including urban and rural children in Kedah and Pulau Pinang. Questionnaires were distributed to children at schools. Findings suggest that age and gender do influence the frequency of children having experiences with nature as well as their CTN. The directions for future research are also discussed. Keywords: experiences with nature; connectedness to nature; age; gender eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

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