scholarly journals 3D modeling in the studies of the portable art geometrical images of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Iurii Svoyski ◽  
◽  
Gennadii Khlopachev ◽  
Ekaterina Romanenko ◽  
Mariia Polkovnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Visualization Algorithms ◽  
Portable Art

One of the plots of the portable art forms of Eastern Europe is abstract, geometric, symbolic images that cannot be deciphered directly. Most of the currently known such geometric images from the archaeological sites of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eastern Europe were applied to finished bone products — tools, weapons, household and non-utilitarian items, as well as bones of various animals without traces of processing using various cutting techniques. The bone is well preserved in the cultural layers of the sites of the late Pleistocene — early Holocene of the Russian Plain, which makes objects from this material an important source for the study of geometric images. However, despite the richness of the source base, the problem of classification and systematization of geometric images in the art of small forms remains poorly developed. The purpose of the article is to consider the issues of practical application of three-dimensional 3D modeling in the study of art objects of small forms of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. The authors describe the practice of photographing such objects and the peculiarities of the lighting schemes and camera positioning, developed taking into account the specifics of the geometry and material of the documented objects. The minimal technical requirements for the resolution of the models have been determined, which provide the possibility of using visualization algorithms to study fine engravings on bone and stone. The practical application of mathematical visualization algorithms both directly on polygonal models and on height maps built on their basis is described. A method for visualizing and systematizing research results and providing remote access to them using modern web technologies is proposed.

scholarly journals GEOMETRIC IMAGES IN THE ART OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF EASTERN EUROPE: CHRONOLOGICAL AND REGIONAL FEATURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Г. А. Хлопачев
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Figurative Art ◽  
Realistic Images ◽  
Portable Art

Исследуются абстрактные, геометрические изображения знакового искусства малых форм Восточной Европы. Данный вид изобразительной деятельности появляется в раннюю пору верхнего палеолита, одновременно с фигуративным искусством. На Русской равнине развитие знакового искусства прослеживается на протяжении всей верхнепалеолитической эпохи. Оно широко распространилось в период средней (25-21 тыс. л. н.) и поздней (20-12 тыс. л. н.) поры верхнего палеолита. Геометрическое искусство существовало бок о бок с традицией реалистичных изображений в граветтийское время и полностью вытесняет ее после максимума валдайского оледенения. В статье систематизируются данные об этом виде искусства в центре Русской равнины, рассматриваются его региональные и хронологические особенности. Исходя из данных технико-морфологического анализа, предложено два критерия для различения геометрического искусства малых форм граветтийского и эпиграветтийского времени. Для эпиграветтийских памятников характерны отсутствие реалистических элементов и нанесение изображения на всю поверхность сложной геометрической формы, с обязательной предварительной ее разметкой и использованием одной или нескольких базовых линий. Для граветтийских - наличие фигуративных элементов и нанесение орнаментальных элементов на поделки со сложным объемом в разное, не соответствующее одному технологическому циклу, время или без предварительной общей разметки. The paper explores abstract and geometric images of non-figurative (symbolic) portable art in eastern Europe. This type of visual art emerged in the early period of the Upper Paleolithic at the same time with figurative art. Development of non-figurative art in the Russian plain has been traced throughout the Paleolithic Age. It was widespread during the middle stage (25,000-21,000 years ago) and the late stage (20,000-12,000 years ago) of the Upper Paleolithic. Geometric art existed side by side with the tradition of realistic images during the Gravettian period replacing it completely after the last Valdai glacial maximum. The paper systemizes data on this type of art in the center of the Russian plain, and reviews its regional and chronological features. Using the data on the technical and morphological analysis, the author proposes two criteria for differentiating geometric portable art of the Gravettian period and the Epigravettian period. The Epigravettian sites are characterized by absence of realistic elements and presence of images all over the surface of a sophisticated geometrical shape as well as preliminary pattern outlining and use of one or several base lines. The Gravettian images are characterized by presence of figurative elements and placement of decorative elements on items of sophisticated shape in different time periods that do not correspond to the same technological cycle or without preliminary outlining of the overall pattern.

scholarly journals Genesis of Religion: The Origin of Zoolatry According to the Portable Art of Eastern Europe and Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Andrey P. Zabiyako ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Local Cultures

. Eastern Europe and Siberia are the territories of early settlement of different groups of mankind. On the Russian Plain, the first sites of Modern Humans are dated to about 40 ka BP. In Siberia, the Homo erectus groups appear in the Lower Paleolithic. Later, Denisovans, Neanderthals and Modern Humans (CroMagnons) settled here. Modern Humans penetrate Siberia about 45 ka BP. Local groups of Homo populations have created developed cultures that include a wide range of features of behavioral modernity. For local groups of Modern Humans, the appearance of zoomorphic sculptures in the period of about 34 ka BP, in the initial period of the Upper Paleolithic. During the period of the final of Aurignac and the beginning of Gravette, zoomorphic examples of mobile art became a typical phenomenon. The archaeological context of the location of artefacts and the peculiarities of their appearance in a number of cases indicate that zoomorphic objects were attributes of zoolatry. The discovery of the «lion» sculpture in Denisova Cave suggests that zoolatry existed in the culture of the Denisovans. With an age of at least 45 ka BP, the lion figure from Denisova cave is the oldest zoomorphic sculpture. The presence of zoolatry in geographically and anthropologically different cultures indicates that it is naturally formed at the stage of reaching a certain level of development of human populations and is a regular result of anthropo- and cultural genesis. Zoolatry is a universal phenomenon. Along with the general features, local features are inherent in it. In different local groups, zoolatry has specific features due to natural factors, different adaptation strategies and mental differences (different models of imagination). In different cultures, zoolatry was combined in specific combinations with funeral rituals, hunting magic, gender cults and other forms of religion. In different local cultures, there were specific configurations of forms of religion, in which zoolatry, hunting magic, funeral practices and other forms of religion were combined in a peculiar way. Thus, in different local cultures, the morphology of religion had a different configuration. The study of zoolatry of local groups of the «basal Eurasian» lineage demonstrates the variability of the morphology (internal structure) of religion, even in culturally related and chronologically close communities.

A Real-Time Mathematical Model for Three-Dimensional Tidal Flow and Water Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Fantang ◽  
Xu Zhencheng ◽  
Chen Xiancheng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Pearl River

A real-time mathematical model for three-dimensional tidal flow and water quality is presented in this paper. A control-volume-based difference method and a “power interpolation distribution” advocated by Patankar (1984) have been employed, and a concept of “separating the top-layer water” has been developed to solve the movable boundary problem. The model is unconditionally stable and convergent. Practical application of the model is illustrated by an example for the Pearl River Estuary.

scholarly journals Accelerated Time and High-Resolution 3D Modeling of the Flow and Dispersion of Noxious Substances over a Gigantic Urban Area—The EMERGENCIES Project

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Olivier Oldrini ◽  
Patrick Armand ◽  
Christophe Duchenne ◽  
Sylvie Perdriel ◽  
Maxime Nibart
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Simulation Domain ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Atmospheric Release

Accidental or malicious releases in the atmosphere are more likely to occur in built-up areas, where flow and dispersion are complex. The EMERGENCIES project aims to demonstrate the operational feasibility of three-dimensional simulation as a support tool for emergency teams and first responders. The simulation domain covers a gigantic urban area around Paris, France, and uses high-resolution metric grids. It relies on the PMSS modeling system to model the flow and dispersion over this gigantic domain and on the Code_Saturne model to simulate both the close vicinity and the inside of several buildings of interest. The accelerated time is achieved through the parallel algorithms of the models. Calculations rely on a two-step approach: the flow is computed in advance using meteorological forecasts, and then on-demand release scenarios are performed. Results obtained with actual meteorological mesoscale data and realistic releases occurring both inside and outside of buildings are presented and discussed. They prove the feasibility of operational use by emergency teams in cases of atmospheric release of hazardous materials.

The generation of adaptive assembly from predicting change propagation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Qiao ◽  
Rong Mo ◽  
Ying Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Assembly Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish an adaptive assembly, to realize the adaptive changing of the models and to improve the flexibility and reliability of assembly change. For a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) assembly in a changing process, there are two practical problems. One is delivering parameters’ information not smoothly. The other one is to easily destroy an assembly structure. Design/methodology/approach – The paper establishes associated parameters design structure matrix of related parts, and predicts possible propagation paths of the parameters. Based on the predicted path, structured storage is made for the affected parameters, tolerance range and the calculation relations. The study combines structured path information and all constrained assemblies to build the adaptive assembly, proposes an adaptive change algorithm for assembly changing and discusses the extendibility of the adaptive assembly. Findings – The approach would improve the flexibility and reliability of assembly change and be applied to different CAD platform. Practical implications – The examples illustrate the construction and adaptive behavior of the assembly and verify the feasibility and reasonability of the adaptive assembly in practical application. Originality/value – The adaptive assembly model proposed in the paper is an original method to assembly change. And compared with other methods, good results have been obtained.

Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 315 (5809) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Anikovich ◽  
A. A. Sinitsyn ◽  
John F. Hoffecker ◽  
Vance T. Holliday ◽  
V. V. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating ◽  
Figurative Art ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Don River

Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating and magnetic stratigraphy indicate Upper Paleolithic occupation—probably representing modern humans—at archaeological sites on the Don River in Russia 45,000 to 42,000 years ago. The oldest levels at Kostenki underlie a volcanic ash horizon identified as the Campanian Ignimbrite Y5 tephra that is dated elsewhere to about 40,000 years ago. The occupation layers contain bone and ivory artifacts, including possible figurative art, and fossil shells imported more than 500 kilometers. Thus, modern humans appeared on the central plain of Eastern Europe as early as anywhere else in northern Eurasia.

scholarly journals Mesh-Type Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Human Organs and Tumors: Fast, Cost-Effective, and Personalized Anatomic Modeling of Patient-Oriented Visual Aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Jungirl Seok ◽  
Sungmin Yoon ◽  
Chang Hwan Ryu ◽  
Junsun Ryu ◽  
Seok-ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Mesh Work

Although three-dimensional (3D)-printed anatomic models are not new to medicine, the high costs and lengthy production times entailed have limited their application. Our goal was developing a new and less costly 3D modeling method to depict organ-tumor relations at faster printing speeds. We have devised a method of 3D modeling using tomographic images. Coordinates are extracted at a specified interval, connecting them to create mesh-work replicas. Adjacent constructs are depicted by density variations, showing anatomic targets (i.e., tumors) in contrasting colors. An array of organ solid-tumor models was printed via a Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printer at significantly less cost ($0.05/cm3) and time expenditure (1.73 min/cm3; both, p < 0.001). Printed models helped promote visual appreciation of organ-tumor anatomy and adjacent tissues. Our mesh-work 3D thyroidal prototype reproduced glandular size/contour and tumor location, readily approximating the surgical specimen. This newly devised mesh-type 3D printing method may facilitate anatomic modeling for personalized care and improve patient awareness during informed surgical consent.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING AS A SYSTEM FOR DISPLAYING TOTAL CHEMICAL SOIL POLLUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
N.P. KARPENKO ◽  
◽  
M.A. SHIRYAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The method of three-dimensional model in the system of computer modeling MathCad and Autodesk 3ds Max by categories of total soil pollution is developed. A visualization block and an analytical block have been developed which are based on calculated mathematical models for analyzing and evaluating the environmental situation, risks, and environmental safety of the territory. Three-dimensional models of relief mapping of the Pekhorka river fl oodplain are constructed by integrating them with the help of a programming environment and optimized 3D modeling programs. Three-dimensional models with total soil contamination for water body sections are constructed. On the example of some sections of the catchment area of the Pekhorka river in the Balashikha region, models with soil contamination by the total ZC indicator were created. The development of 3D modeling techniques allows you to create predictive scenarios more accurately with a high degree of detail, as well as quickly approach the solution of environmental problems. Optimization of three-dimensional modeling in the fi eld of problems related to the catchment area contributes to the further operational solution of problems of rational land use and improvement of the environmental situation.

scholarly journals Research on Multioperator silk screen printer Based on Communication Protocol Macro

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhiming ◽  
Sun Jun ◽  
Lu Binbin ◽  
Duan Yaoshuai
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
Sequence Generation ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Silk Screen ◽  
Silk Screen Printing

Multioperator silk screen printer is automatic silk screen printing equipment. There are many advantages, such as energy saving, reduce the labor intensity and so on. The control system consists of an intermittent movement main motor and eight color working station printing cycle motion motors. The system controls nine frequency converters through protocol macro communication by using PLC. This paper studies the principle and process characteristics of multioperator silk screen printer. Besides, this paper adopts protocol macro sequence generation method for communication between PLC and frequency converter. This method can control the programming of parameters, such as frequency, operation and monitoring. It also can realize the printing of eight color working stations and monitor the printing status in real time. The practical application proves that the method meets the technical requirements and the reliability is good.

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